yum命令的使用
yum源的配置，请参考此文：RedHatLinux 本地yum源的配置。本文讲解如何使用yum命令。
[root@serv01 ~]# yum --help
Loaded plugins: product-id, subscription-manager
Updating Red Hat repositories.
Usage: yum [options] COMMAND
List of Commands:
check Check for problems in the rpmdb
check-update Check for available package updates
clean Remove cached data
deplist List a package's dependencies
distribution-synchronization Synchronize installed packages to the latest available versions
downgrade downgrade a package
erase Remove a package or packages from your system
groupinfo Display details about a package group
groupinstall Install the packages in a group on your system
grouplist List available package groups
groupremove Remove the packages in a group from your system
help Display a helpful usage message
history Display, or use, the transaction history
info Display details about a package or group of packages
install Install a package or packages on your system
list List a package or groups of packages
load-transaction load a saved transaction from filename
makecache Generate the metadata cache
provides Find what package provides the given value
reinstall reinstall a package
repolist Display the configured software repositories
resolvedep Determine which package provides the given dependency
search Search package details for the given string
shell Run an interactive yum shell
update Update a package or packages on your system
upgrade Update packages taking obsoletes into account
version Display a version for the machine and/or available repos.
Options:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-t, --tolerant be tolerant of errors
-C, --cacheonly run entirely from system cache, don't update cache
-c [config file], --config=[config file]
config file location
-R [minutes], --randomwait=[minutes]
maximum command wait time
-d [debug level], --debuglevel=[debug level]
debugging output level
--showduplicates show duplicates, in repos, in list/search commands
-e [error level], --errorlevel=[error level]
error output level
--rpmverbosity=[debug level name]
debugging output level for rpm
-q, --quiet quiet operation
-v, --verbose verbose operation
-y, --assumeyes answer yes for all questions
--version show Yum version and exit
--installroot=[path] set install root
--enablerepo=[repo] enable one or more repositories (wildcards allowed)
--disablerepo=[repo] disable one or more repositories (wildcards allowed)
-x [package], --exclude=[package]
exclude package(s) by name or glob
--disableexcludes=[repo]
disable exclude from main, for a repo or for
everything
--obsoletes enable obsoletes processing during updates
--noplugins disable Yum plugins
--nogpgcheck disable gpg signature checking
--disableplugin=[plugin]
disable plugins by name
--enableplugin=[plugin]
enable plugins by name
--skip-broken skip packages with depsolving problems
--color=COLOR control whether color is used
--releasever=RELEASEVER
set value of $releasever in yum config and repo files
--setopt=SETOPTS set arbitrary config and repo options
Plugin Options:
#不建议使用这种方式卸载
[root@serv01 ~]# yum remove nagios-common
#yum安装的包，可以使用rpm命令查询到
[root@serv01 ~]# rpm -qa | grep httpd
httpd-tools-2.2.15-9.el6.x86_64
httpd-2.2.15-9.el6.x86_64
[root@serv01 ~]# ls /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
#我们删除一个文件，再次安装
[root@serv01 ~]# rm -rf /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
[root@serv01 ~]# ls /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
ls: cannot access /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf: No such file or directory
#安装不成功
[root@serv01 ~]# yum install httpd -y
Loaded plugins: product-id, subscription-manager
Updating Red Hat repositories.
Setting up Install Process
Package httpd-2.2.15-9.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Nothing to do
#使用reinstall重装
[root@serv01 ~]# yum reinstall httpd -y
Installed:
httpd.x86_64 0:2.2.15-9.el6
Complete!
#查询所有
[root@serv01 ~]# yum list
#可以安装的略
#查询httpd，有@表示已经安装
[root@serv01 ~]# yum list|grep httpd
httpd.x86_64 2.2.15-9.el6 @rhel-iso
httpd-tools.x86_64 2.2.15-9.el6 @rhel-iso
httpd-devel.i686 2.2.15-9.el6 rhel-iso
httpd-devel.x86_64 2.2.15-9.el6 rhel-iso
httpd-manual.noarch 2.2.15-9.el6 rhel-iso
#验证
[root@serv01 ~]# rpm -qa|grep httpd
httpd-tools-2.2.15-9.el6.x86_64
httpd-2.2.15-9.el6.x86_64
#软件组
[root@serv01 ~]# yum grouplist
[root@serv01 ~]# yum grouplist | grep Devel
Additional Development
Desktop Platform Development
Development tools
Server Platform Development
#安装软件组，注意需要有双引号
[root@serv01 ~]# yum groupinstall "Server Platform" -y
#强烈不建议这样移除，这样很危险，可以看到最后把内核都移除了。
[root@serv01 ~]# yum groupremove "Server Platform" -y
[root@serv01 ~]# yum groupremove "Server Platform" --skip-broken --nogpgcheck
#这样可以正确的使用groupinstall安装和使用groupremove移除，因为该软件组依赖不多
[root@serv01 ~]# yum groupinstall "Emacs" -y
Installed:
emacs.x86_64 1:23.1-21.el6
Complete!
[root@serv01 ~]# yum groupremove "Emacs" -y
Removed:
emacs.x86_64 1:23.1-21.el6
Complete!
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