前言:微信开发平台为开发者提供openId用来区分用户的唯一性,但是openId只是在独立的应用内是唯一的,如果开发者拥有多个移动应用、网站应用、和公众帐号(包括小程序),可通过 UnionID 来区分用户的唯一性,因为只要是同一个微信开放平台帐号下所有应用,用户的 UnionID 是唯一的。换句话说,同一用户,对同一个微信开放平台下的不同应用,UnionID是相同的。
微信官方文档:
https://developers.weixin.qq.com/miniprogram/dev/framework/open-ability/union-id.html
ps : 这里要注意的是微信开放平台如果没有绑定微信小程序,不可能获取到unionId,无论哪种方式
这种方式对于开发者来说是获取unionID最简单的方式,开发者可以直接通过 wx.login + code2Session 获取到该用户 UnionID。
以下代码只针对于Java语言来演示
package com.jinke.applets.common;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.jinke.utils.HttpUtil;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* @author zsc
* @date 2020/7/17
*/
@Slf4j
public class AppletsWeChatUtil {
// 登录凭证校验地址
public final static String GetPageAccessTokenUrl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/jscode2session?appid=APPID&secret=SECRET&js_code=CODE&grant_type=authorization_code";
// 小程序的appId以及appSecret
private static final String appId = "xxxxxxxxxxxxx";
private static final String appSecret = "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx";
/**
* 小程序授权获取openID和unionID
* @param code 前端通过wx.login获取的wxCode
* @return
*/
public static Map<String, String> oauth2GetUnion(String code) {
String requestUrl = GetPageAccessTokenUrl.replace("APPID", appId).replace("SECRET", appSecret).replace("CODE", code);
Map<String, String> result = new HashMap<>();
try {
/**
* HttpUtil工具类会在下方贴出,此处也可换成自己的写法,只要是get请求就可以
* 此处请求返回的json数据包为:
* openid string 用户唯一标识
* session_key string 会话密钥
* unionid string 用户在开放平台的唯一标识符
* errcode number 错误码
* errmsg string 错误信息
*/
String response = HttpUtil.get(requestUrl);
JSONObject jsonResult = JSONObject.parseObject(response);
String openid = String.valueOf(jsonResult.get("openid"));
// 若用户没有改小程序同主体公众号,则此处unionID为空
String unionid = String.valueOf(jsonResult.get("unionid"));
result.put("openid", openid);
result.put("unionid",unionid);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.info("授权获取unionid出现异常");
e.printStackTrace();
}
return result;
}
}
此方式针对于没有主体公众号或者做不到让用户都关注公众号的情况下获取UnionID.大致流程如下
package com.jinke.rusi.utils;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.jinke.utils.HttpUtil;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* @author zsc
* @date 2020/7/17
*/
@Slf4j
public class AppletsWeChatUtil {
// 登录凭证校验地址
public final static String GetPageAccessTokenUrl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/jscode2session?appid=APPID&secret=SECRET&js_code=CODE&grant_type=authorization_code";
// 小程序的appId以及appSecret
private static final String appId = "xxxxxxxxxxxxx";
private static final String appSecret = "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx";
/**
* 小程序授权
* @param code WxCode
* @param encryptedData 加密数据
* @param iv 偏移量iv
* @return
*/
public static Map<String, String> oauth2GetUnionId(String code,String encryptedData,String iv) {
String requestUrl = GetPageAccessTokenUrl.replace("APPID", appId).replace("SECRET", appSecret).replace("CODE", code);
Map<String, String> result = new HashMap<>();
try {
String response = HttpUtil.get(requestUrl);
JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(response);
String openid = String.valueOf(jsonObject.get("openid"));
// 获取解密所需的session_key
String session_key = String.valueOf(jsonObject.get("session_key"));
// 通过AES解密encryptedData 获取union_id,工具类见下方
String encryptedResult = AESUtil.decrypt(encryptedData, session_key, iv, "UTF-8");
/**
* 此处解密之后数据包格式为:
* openid string 用户唯一标识
* nickName string 昵称
* gender string 性别
* city string 城市
* province string 省份
* country string 国家
* avatarUrl string 头像
* unionId string 用户在开放平台的唯一标识符
* watermark JSON 数据水印,包括appid,timestamp字段 为了校验数据的有效性
*/
JSONObject parseObject = JSONObject.parseObject(encryptedResult);
// ps:此处一定要注意解密的出来的字段名为驼峰命名的unionId,openId,并非直接授权的unionid
String unionid = String.valueOf(parseObject.get("unionId"));
result.put("openid", openid);
result.put("unionid",unionid);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.info("授权获取unionid出现异常");
e.printStackTrace();
}
return result;
}
}
AESUtil:
package com.jinke.rusi.utils;
import net.sf.json.JSONObject;
import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;
import org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider;
import javax.crypto.BadPaddingException;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException;
import javax.crypto.NoSuchPaddingException;
import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.security.*;
import java.security.spec.InvalidParameterSpecException;
/**
* @author zsc
* @date 2020/07/17
* AES-128-CBC 加密方式
* AES-128-CBC可以自己定义“密钥”和“偏移量“。
* AES-128是jdk自动生成的“密钥”。
*/
public class AESUtil {
static {
Security.addProvider(new BouncyCastleProvider());
}
/**
* AES解密
* @param data 密文,被加密的数据
* @param key 秘钥
* @param iv 偏移量
* @param encodingFormat 解密后的结果需要进行的编码
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String decrypt(String data, String key, String iv, String encodingFormat) throws Exception {
//被加密的数据
byte[] dataByte = Base64.decodeBase64(data);
//加密秘钥
byte[] keyByte = Base64.decodeBase64(key);
//偏移量
byte[] ivByte = Base64.decodeBase64(iv);
try {
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS7Padding");
SecretKeySpec spec = new SecretKeySpec(keyByte, "AES");
AlgorithmParameters parameters = AlgorithmParameters.getInstance("AES");
parameters.init(new IvParameterSpec(ivByte));
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, spec, parameters);// 初始化
byte[] resultByte = cipher.doFinal(dataByte);
if (null != resultByte && resultByte.length > 0) {
String result = new String(resultByte, encodingFormat);
return result;
}
return null;
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (NoSuchPaddingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvalidParameterSpecException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvalidKeyException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvalidAlgorithmParameterException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (BadPaddingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
}
HttpUtil:
package com.jinke.utils;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.StatusLine;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpRequestBase;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.*;
public class HttpUtil {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HttpUtil.class);
public static int DATA_JSON = 1;
public static int DATA_FORM = 2;
private static String JSON_CONTENT_TYPE = "application/json";
private static String CHARACTER = "UTF-8";
private static String CONTENT_TYPE_NAME = "Content-Type";
public static String get(String url) {
return send(new HttpGet(url));
}
public static String post(String url, Map<String, Object> param, Integer dataType) {
return post(url, param, dataType, null);
}
public static String post(String url, Map<String, Object> param, Integer dataType, Map<String, String> headers) {
HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);
if (dataType == DATA_FORM) {
Iterator localIterator;
Map.Entry<String, String> entries;
if (headers != null)
for (localIterator = headers.entrySet().iterator(); localIterator.hasNext(); ) {
entries = (Map.Entry) localIterator.next();
post.setHeader((String) entries.getKey(), (String) entries.getValue());
}
Object paramList = new ArrayList();
for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : param.entrySet()) {
((List) paramList).add(new BasicNameValuePair((String) entry.getKey(), entry.getValue().toString()));
}
try {
post.setEntity(new org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity((List) paramList));
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
LOGGER.info(e.getMessage());
}
} else if (dataType.intValue() == DATA_JSON) {
post.setHeader(CONTENT_TYPE_NAME, JSON_CONTENT_TYPE);
post.setEntity(new StringEntity(JSON.toJSONString(param), CHARACTER));
}
return send(post);
}
private static String send(HttpRequestBase request) {
CloseableHttpClient client = org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients.createDefault();
String result = null;
try {
CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(request);
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
StatusLine status = response.getStatusLine();
if (status.getStatusCode() == 200) {
result = EntityUtils.toString(entity);
EntityUtils.consume(entity);
} else {
result = String.valueOf(status);
}
LOGGER.info("http response ------------" + result);
response.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
LOGGER.info(e.getMessage());
}
return result;
}
}
这里需要注意的是,AES解密的时候需要用到javax.crypto.*包的类,在jdk的 jce.jar中提供,是jdk自带的库。如果是MAVEN项目,则需要在pom.xml文件中配置指定编译路径jce.jar
如果配置路径麻烦,可以选择去maven或者gradle自行下载。
Maven依赖:
org.bouncycastle
bcprov-jdk15on
1.50
Gradle依赖:
// https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.bouncycastle/bcprov-jdk15on
compile group: 'org.bouncycastle', name: 'bcprov-jdk15on', version: '1.50'