Django2.0中文(进阶用法)

1、URL传参与view

urls.py

from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
from mysite import views

urlpatterns = patterns('',
(r'^foo/', views.foobar_view, {'template_name': 'template2.html'}),
)

views.py

from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
from mysite.models import MyModel

def foobar_view(request, template_name):
m_list = MyModel.objects.filter(is_new=True)
return render_to_response(template_name, {'m_list': m_list})
2、 URL /mydata/dec/31/
－－
urlpatterns = patterns('',
(r'^mydata/(?P\w{3})/(?P\d\d)/$', views.my_view),
)
－－
def my_view(request, month, day):
# ....
3、通用视图

urls.py

from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
from mysite import models, views

urlpatterns = patterns('',
(r'^events/', views.object_list, {'model': models.BlogEntry}),
)

views.py

from django.shortcuts import render_to_response

def object_list(request, model):
obj_list = model.objects.all()
template_name = 'mysite/%s_list.html' % model.name.lower()
return render_to_response(template_name, {'object_list': obj_list})
4、缺省视图参数

urls.py

from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
from mysite import views

urlpatterns = patterns('',
(r'^blog/', views.page),
)

views.py

def page(request, num='1'):
# Output the appropriate page of blog entries, according to num.
# ...
5、url传参都是字符串类型
def day_archive(request, year, month, day):
date = datetime.date(int(year), int(month), int(day))
6、url传参选择post get

views.py

from django.http import Http404, HttpResponseRedirect
from django.shortcuts import render_to_response

def method_splitter(request, GET=None, POST=None):
if request.method == 'GET' and GET is not None:
return GET(request)
elif request.method == 'POST' and POST is not None:
return POST(request)
raise Http404

def some_page_get(request):
assert request.method == 'GET'
do_something_for_get()
return render_to_response('page.html')

def some_page_post(request):
assert request.method == 'POST'
do_something_for_post()
return HttpResponseRedirect('/someurl/')

urls.py

from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
from mysite import views

urlpatterns = patterns('',
# ...
(r'^somepage/$', views.method_splitter, {'GET': views.some_page_get, 'POST': views.some_page_post}),
# ...
)
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7、自动转义：autoescape
{% autoescape off %}
Hello {{ name }}
{% endautoescape %}
8 default默认值需要自己转义
{{ data|default:"3 < 2" }} <-- Bad! Don't do this.
9、自定义标签／自定义过滤器
10 foreignkey

b = Book.objects.get(id=50)
b.publisher

b.publisher.website
u'http://www.apress.com/'
p.book_set.all()
p = Publisher.objects.get(name='Apress Publishing')
p.book_set.filter(name__icontains='django')
[, ]

image.png

11 manytomanyfield
class Book(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=100)
authors = models.ManyToManyField(Author)
publisher = models.ForeignKey(Publisher)
publication_date = models.DateField()
num_pages = models.IntegerField(blank=True, null=True)

def __unicode__(self):
    return self.title

12 django.db.models.Manager.title_count()

image.png

13 修改返回的集合：get_query_set()
from django.db import models

# First, define the Manager subclass.
class DahlBookManager(models.Manager):
def get_query_set(self):
return super(DahlBookManager, self).get_query_set().filter(author='Roald Dahl')

# Then hook it into the Book model explicitly.
class Book(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=100)
author = models.CharField(max_length=50)
# ...

**objects = models.Manager() # The default manager.**
**dahl_objects = DahlBookManager() # The Dahl-specific manager.**

//调用
Book.dahl_objects.all()
Book.dahl_objects.filter(title='Matilda')
Book.dahl_objects.count()

14 添加多个manager
class MaleManager(models.Manager):
def get_query_set(self):
return super(MaleManager, self).get_query_set().filter(sex='M')

class FemaleManager(models.Manager):
def get_query_set(self):
return super(FemaleManager, self).get_query_set().filter(sex='F')

class Person(models.Model):
first_name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
last_name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
sex = models.CharField(max_length=1, choices=(('M', 'Male'), ('F', 'Female')))
people = models.Manager()
men = MaleManager()
women = FemaleManager()

15 执行原始SQL：connection,models
from django.db import connection, models

class PersonManager(models.Manager):
def first_names(self, last_name):
cursor = connection.cursor()
cursor.execute("""
SELECT DISTINCT first_name
FROM people_person
WHERE last_name = %s""", [last_name])
return [row[0] for row in cursor.fetchone()]

class Person(models.Model):
first_name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
last_name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
objects = PersonManager()