英语语法,主动一致的若干规则及容易犯错的句子

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1 集合名词作主语

1-1 people(人、人民),police(警察) 等词作主语时,动词用复数形式。

There **are **three **people **in my family. 我家有3口人。

The police are standing there. 警察们正站在那里。

1-2 all指人时用复数动词,指事物时用单数

All are here. 大家都到了。

All goes well. 一切都很好。

1-3 family, class, team等集合名词作为一个整体看待时,动词用单数形式;指其中各个成员时,动词用复数形式。比较:

My family is a big one. 我家是个大家庭。

His family are all working in Taipei. 他全家人都在台北工作。

The class has fifty students. 这个班有50个学生。

The class are listening to their teacher. 这个班的学生正在听老师讲话。

2 抽象名词作主语

news(消息),math(数学)等词作主语时,动词用单数形式。

The news is very good. Where did you hear it? 这消息很好。你从哪儿听来的?

**Math **is my hardest subject. 数学是我觉得最难的科目。

3 数量概念作主语

表示时间、距离、金钱、重量等名词的复数作主语时,把这些复数词看作一个整体,动词用单数形式。

Ten years is a long time. 10年是很长的时间。

Ten minutes is enough. 10分钟就够了。

Twenty dollars has been paid. 已经付过20美元了。

4 名词化的形容词作主语

主语是由“the + 形容词”结构担任,如果指一类人,动词用复数形式;如果指某一个人,动词用单数形式。

The rich are not always happy. 有钱人也有不开心的时候。

The old are taken good care of in the city. 在这个城市里,老人得到了很好的照顾。

The young like the game. 年轻人喜欢这种游戏。

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5 容易犯错的句子

5-1 大家都到齐了,没有人缺席。

Everyone are here. No one are away. ×

Everyone is here. No one is absent.

不定代词everyone, everybody, anyone, anybody, no one, nobody等,在意义上都被看作单数。它们作主语时,动词用单数形式。

5-2 我们两个人都没去过阳明山。

Neither of us have been to Yang Ming Mountain. ×

Neither of us has been to Yang Ming Mountain.

当neither, either, any等词单独作主语或与 短语一起作主语时,其后动词用第三人称单数形式。又如:**Either **of the answers **is **right. 两个答案中有一个是正确的。

5-3 他们每个人都有一个苹果。

Each of them have an apple. ×

**Each of them has an apple. **√

不定代词each或与of短语连用作主语时,动词用第三人称单数形式。

5-4 美国是一个发达的国家。

The United States are a developed country. ×

**The United States is a developed country. **√

以-s结尾的国名、书刊名、组织名称等作主语时,动词常用单数形式。

5-5 我认为数学比英语难得多。

I think math are much more dififcult than English. ×

I think math is much more dififcult than English.

以-s结尾的表示学科的名词如math(数学),physics(物理),politics(政治)等形式上是复数,实际上是单数概念。它们作主语时,其动词要用单数形式。

5-6 格林家一定在吃早饭。

The Greens is having breakfast. ×

The Greens are having breakfast.

“the+姓的复数”表示“某一家人”或“某某夫妇”,是复数概念,作主语时,其动词须用复数形式。

5-7 她的衣服看起来很漂亮。

Her clothes looks very nice. ×

Her clothes look very nice.

clothes(衣服)是复数名词,不能作单数用。当clothes作主语时,其动词要用复数形式。

5-8 这双鞋是我的。

This pair of shoes are mine. ×

This pair of shoes is mine.

一些由两个部分构成的衣物或工具名词,如glasses(眼镜),shoes(鞋),socks(短袜),stocking(长筒袜),trousers(裤子)等作主语时,动词用复数形式。My shoes are worn out.我的鞋穿坏了。但当这些名词前面有pair of, this pair of, a kind of, this kind of等短语修饰时,动词通常用单数,如: **This pair **of shoes **looks **nice. 这双鞋看起来很漂亮。

5-9 我们全家都喜欢看电视。

My family enjoy watching TV. ×

My family enjoys watching TV.

有些集合名词如family, class, group等作主语时,若看作是各个成员时,动词用复数。若看作整体,动词用单数。

His family is a big one. 他家是个大家庭。

The class has fifty students. 这个班有50个学生。

The class are having an English lesson. 这个班的学生正在上英语课。

5-10 两个月是很长的一段时间。

Two months are a long time. ×

**Two months is a long time. **√

表示时间、距离、金钱、重量等名词的复数作主语时,这些复数名词被看作一个整体,动词用单数形式。Five minutes is enough. 五分钟就够了。

5-11 格林先生和几个学生被派去协助约翰。

Mr. Green with some students were sent to help John. ×

Mr. Green with some students was sent to help John.

当主语后面跟的with, together with, along with, as well as, like, but, except等短语,动词的单复数形式和这些短语之前的主语在人称和数上保持一致,动词的形式不受这些短语的影响。

No one except my parents knows the secret.除了我的父母外,没有人知道这个秘密。

5-12 你和我都不对。

Neither you nor I are right. ×

**Neither you nor I am right. **√

由:or, either⋯or, neither⋯nor⋯, not only⋯but also⋯等连接的对等主语,其动词的单复数要依最接近它的主语的单复数而定。

Either you or he is right. 你和他其中一个是对的。

5-13 星期天没有老师和学生在校。

No teacher and no student are school on Sundays. ×

**No teacher and no student is at school on Sundays. **√

由and连接的两个单数名词作主语,前面有 each, every或no修饰时,动词通常用单数。

5-14 没有消息就是好消息。

No news are good news. ×

**No news is good news. **√

主语news是不可数名词,意义上是单数,因此动词要用单数形式。

5-15 不定代词all, some, most等作主语,其动词用单数形式还是复数形式?

all, most, some等不定代词作主语时,如指的是单数概念,动词用单数形式;如指的是复数概念,动词用复数形式。

All of us are busy working. 我们所有的人都忙着工作。

**All of the bread was **eaten. 所有的面包都吃完了。

Most of the earth is covered with water. 地球上大部分地区都覆盖着水。

Most of them are young people. 他们当中大部分是年轻人。

【感谢阅读!】

【未完待续~】

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