异步加载AsyncTask源码分析

1. 说明


这篇文章首先先来看下AsyncTask的基本使用,然后我们会得到几个结论,最后我们再从源码的角度分析下我们所得到的几个结论,而且这几个结论肯定也是我们经常在网上边看到的。

2. 具体使用


public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);



        new Task().execute() ;
    }


    /**
     * 以下方法:只有doInBackground()是运行在子线程中,其余都是运行在UI线程(主线程)
     */
    class Task extends AsyncTask{


        // 只要一调用 execute()方法,就会调用这个方法
        @Override
        protected void onPreExecute() {
            super.onPreExecute();
        }

        @Override
        protected void onProgressUpdate(Object[] values) {
            super.onProgressUpdate(values);
        }


        // 执行一些耗时操作:比如访问网络、读取数据库 ,这个方法是运行在 Thread ,子线程中的
        @Override
        protected Object doInBackground(Object[] params) {
            return null;
        }


        // 执行完毕后返回的方法,也就是说等 doInBackground()获取到数据之后会把数据返回到这个方法里边
        @Override
        protected void onPostExecute(Object object) {
            super.onPostExecute(object);
        }

        @Override
        protected void onCancelled(Object object) {
            super.onCancelled(object);
        }
    }

3. 结论


2.1>:AsyncTask只能执行一次,调用多次将会抛异常;
2.2>:只有只有doInBackground()是运行在子线程中,其余都是运行在UI线程(主线程);

4. 源码分析


验证一:为什么Task只能执行一次?

点击 task.execute()方法,进入源码:

private volatile Status mStatus = Status.PENDING;
 @MainThread
    public final AsyncTask execute(Params... params) {
        return executeOnExecutor(sDefaultExecutor, params);
    }
@MainThread
    public final AsyncTask executeOnExecutor(Executor exec,
            Params... params) {
        if (mStatus != Status.PENDING) {
            switch (mStatus) {
                case RUNNING:
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
                            + " the task is already running.");
                case FINISHED:
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
                            + " the task has already been executed "
                            + "(a task can be executed only once)");
            }
        }

        mStatus = Status.RUNNING;

        onPreExecute();

        mWorker.mParams = params;
        exec.execute(mFuture);

        return this;
    }

分析以上源码可知:

刚进入AsyncTask时,mStatus 初始值是 Status.PENDING,就不会进入到if (mStatus != Status.PENDING)这个if语句,会直接向下边执行,会把状态置为mStatus = Status.RUNNING,同时就第一个执行onPreExecute()方法,当第二次再次调用execute()方法时,会进入之后会进入if (mStatus != Status.PENDING)这个if语句,此时是mStatus = Status.RUNNING,就会抛出异常;如果是 case FINISHED,同样会抛出异常;

这里就验证了,为什么AsyncTask只能执行一次,为什么一进来就会调用onPreExecute()方法

验证2:doInBackground()为什么会执行在子线程中?

接着上边的分析,
AsyncTask的部分源码如下:

 mWorker.mParams = params;
exec.execute(mFuture);
public AsyncTask() {
        mWorker = new WorkerRunnable() {
            public Result call() throws Exception {
                mTaskInvoked.set(true);
                Result result = null;
                try {
                    Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
                    //noinspection unchecked
                    result = doInBackground(mParams);
                    Binder.flushPendingCommands();
                } catch (Throwable tr) {
                    mCancelled.set(true);
                    throw tr;
                } finally {
                    postResult(result);
                }
                return result;
            }
        };

        mFuture = new FutureTask(mWorker) {
            @Override
            protected void done() {
                try {
                    postResultIfNotInvoked(get());
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    android.util.Log.w(LOG_TAG, e);
                } catch (ExecutionException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException("An error occurred while executing doInBackground()",
                            e.getCause());
                } catch (CancellationException e) {
                    postResultIfNotInvoked(null);
                }
            }
        };
    }
public void run() {
        if (state != NEW ||
            !U.compareAndSwapObject(this, RUNNER, null, Thread.currentThread()))
            return;
        try {
            Callable c = callable;
            if (c != null && state == NEW) {
                V result;
                boolean ran;
                try {
                    result = c.call();
                    ran = true;
                } catch (Throwable ex) {
                    result = null;
                    ran = false;
                    setException(ex);
                }
                if (ran)
                    set(result);
            }
        } finally {
            // runner must be non-null until state is settled to
            // prevent concurrent calls to run()
            runner = null;
            // state must be re-read after nulling runner to prevent
            // leaked interrupts
            int s = state;
            if (s >= INTERRUPTING)
                handlePossibleCancellationInterrupt(s);
        }
    }

FutureTask是实现RunnableFuture接口,所以FutureTask是一个接口,可以直接在FutureTask中查看run()方法,然后最终会调用 在子线程中

mWorker = new WorkerRunnable() {
            public Result call() throws Exception {
                mTaskInvoked.set(true);
                Result result = null;
                try {
                    Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
                    //noinspection unchecked
                    result = doInBackground(mParams);
                    Binder.flushPendingCommands();
                } catch (Throwable tr) {
                    mCancelled.set(true);
                    throw tr;
                } finally {
                    postResult(result);
                }
                return result;

由上边可以知道,WorkerRunnable肯定是一个子线程,所以doInBackground()是运行在子线程中的;

执行完 doInBackground()后会返回一个 result,然后会执行postResult()方法,

private Result postResult(Result result) {
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        Message message = getHandler().obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_RESULT,
                new AsyncTaskResult(this, result));
        message.sendToTarget();
        return result;
    }

postResult()方法 会在线程中 通过handler的消息机制,发一个消息,让其切换到主线程中,这个时候已经进入主线程中;

消息发完后会执行:

private static class InternalHandler extends Handler {
        public InternalHandler() {
            super(Looper.getMainLooper());
        }

        @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "RawUseOfParameterizedType"})
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            AsyncTaskResult result = (AsyncTaskResult) msg.obj;
            switch (msg.what) {
                case MESSAGE_POST_RESULT:
                    // There is only one result
                    result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]);
                    break;
                case MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS:
                    result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData);
                    break;
            }
        }
    }

然后调用 finish()方法:

private void finish(Result result) {
        if (isCancelled()) {
            onCancelled(result);
        } else {
            onPostExecute(result);
        }
        mStatus = Status.FINISHED;
    }

在finish()方法中会去判断有没有取消,如果取消了就会调用onCancelled(result)方法,否则就调用onPostExecute(result)方法,因为这里是通过handler发送消息让其切换至主线程中,所以这两个方法都是运行在主线程中,最终会把状态置为mStatus = Status.FINISHED;

总结

点击execute()方法后,就会去判断状态,如果状态不对就会抛异常,然后会把状态置为Running,然后执行onPreExecute()方法,执行完毕后会开一个线程执行 doInBackground()方法,执行完毕之后会利用 handler发送消息切换到主线程中,然后执行onPostExecute()或者onCancelled()方法,最后把状态置为Status.FINISHED即可;
这个就是整个流程。

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