Android TV开发按键与焦点深入分析(二)--View的焦点

上一篇分析到了KeyEvent的分发其实就是把事件交给了焦点View处理,那怎么去定义一个View可获得焦点?其实很简单,只需要在xml布局中设置View的focusable属性为true就可以了,那现在就开始分析这个focusable属性究竟是怎么发挥它的作用的。

View的焦点模式

View定义了三种焦点模式,直接看它们在代码中定义:

 /**
     * This view does not want keystrokes.
     */
    public static final int NOT_FOCUSABLE = 0x00000000;

    /**
     * This view wants keystrokes.
     */
    public static final int FOCUSABLE = 0x00000001;

    /**
     * This view determines focusability automatically. This is the default.
     */
    public static final int FOCUSABLE_AUTO = 0x00000010;

    /**
     * Mask for use with setFlags indicating bits used for focus.
     */
    private static final int FOCUSABLE_MASK = 0x00000011;

    /**
     * The view flags hold various views states.
     * {@hide}
     */
    @ViewDebug.ExportedProperty(formatToHexString = true)
    int mViewFlags;

其中FOCUSABLE_MASK表示foucsable属性占用mViewFlags的bit位置,可以看出mViewFlags中第1位和第5位用来联合表示view的焦点模式,有FOCUSABLE、NOT_FOCUSABLE和FOCUSABLE_AUTO三种焦点模式,第1位控制FOCUSABLE、NOT_FOCUSABLE,第5位单独控制FOCUSABLE_AUTO.
接着看看View的构造方法中解析xml布局设置的focusable属性的过程,主要的代码如下:

View的构造方法中    
public View(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs,
            int defStyleAttr, int defStyleRes) {
     //设置默认的值
      mViewFlags =  FOCUSABLE_AUTO;
       // Set default values.
       viewFlagValues |= FOCUSABLE_AUTO;
       viewFlagMasks |= FOCUSABLE_AUTO;
       ......
     for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
       //获取xml文件中设置的的焦点状态
       case com.android.internal.R.styleable.View_focusable:
       // (viewFlagValues & ~FOCUSABLE_MASK)  将焦点状态置为空,“与|”将从xml中获取的焦点状态赋值给viewFlagValues
       viewFlagValues = (viewFlagValues & ~FOCUSABLE_MASK) | getFocusableAttribute(a);
       //如果viewFlagValues中的焦点状态不再是FOCUSABLE_AUTO,说明焦点状态变了,修改位变化记录mask值
       if ((viewFlagValues & FOCUSABLE_AUTO) == 0) {
           viewFlagMasks |= FOCUSABLE_MASK;
       }
       break;
    }
       .......
    if (viewFlagMasks != 0) {
        setFlags(viewFlagValues, viewFlagMasks);
    }
    
}
//将xml中设置的焦点状态转换为View自己定义的二进制格式
private int getFocusableAttribute(TypedArray attributes) {
   TypedValue val = new TypedValue();
   if (attributes.getValue(com.android.internal.R.styleable.View_focusable, val)) {
       if (val.type == TypedValue.TYPE_INT_BOOLEAN) {
           return (val.data == 0 ? NOT_FOCUSABLE : FOCUSABLE);
       } else {
           return val.data;
       }
   } else {
       return FOCUSABLE_AUTO;
   }
}

在最开始的时候设置了View的焦点模式为FOCUSABLE_AUTO,在遍历属性时如果xml布局有设置focusable属性,则取出,没有的话依然是FOCUSABLE_AUTO,这样focuable属性就转换成了viewFlagValues中的参数,构造方法最后还调用了setFlags方法设置mViewFlags,这个方法内还处理设置了clickable但没有设置focusable的情况,如下:

View中
    void setFlags(int flags, int mask) {
        //将flags变化了的bit同步到全局变量mViewFlags中
        mViewFlags = (mViewFlags & ~mask) | (flags & mask);
        ......
        // If focusable is auto, update the FOCUSABLE bit.
        int focusableChangedByAuto = 0;
        //焦点状态是FOCUSABLE_AUTO
        if (((mViewFlags & FOCUSABLE_AUTO) != 0)
                && (changed & (FOCUSABLE_MASK | CLICKABLE)) != 0) {
            // Heuristic only takes into account whether view is clickable.
            final int newFocus;
            //View可以被点击,将焦点状态添加FOCUSABLE,否则添加NOT_FOCUSABLE
            if ((mViewFlags & CLICKABLE) != 0) {
                newFocus = FOCUSABLE;
            } else {
                newFocus = NOT_FOCUSABLE;
            }
            mViewFlags = (mViewFlags & ~FOCUSABLE) | newFocus;
            .....
        }
    }

可以看出,如果是FOCUSABLE_AUTO情况,也就是xml文件没设置focusable属性,焦点的模式还与clickable属性有关,如果View是clickable的,那么View是FOCUSABLE,否则是NOT_FOCUSABLE,可以用下面这张表来描述clickable和focusable属性对View的焦点模式的影响


Android TV开发按键与焦点深入分析(二)--View的焦点_第1张图片
focusable.png

现在可以回答上一篇结束时提的问题了,Android手机应用运行在Android电视上可以响应按键事件吗?如果这个View在xml文件中设置了clickable属性为true那这个View就可以获得焦点,也就可以响应按键事件,如果既没有设置clickable也没有设置focusable为true,那这个View就获取不到焦点,也就响应不了按键事件了。

下面是View提供的两种获得焦点模式的方法

    View中
    public int getFocusable() {
        //只要设置了FOCUSABLE_AUTO就只返回FOCUSABLE_AUTO
        return (mViewFlags & FOCUSABLE_AUTO) > 0 ? FOCUSABLE_AUTO : mViewFlags & FOCUSABLE;
    }

    public final boolean isFocusable() {
        return FOCUSABLE == (mViewFlags & FOCUSABLE);
    }

一般情况我们使用isFocusable方法就OK了,getFocusable方法可以用来在可以获得焦点时判断是clickable导致的,还是focusable设置的.

ViewGroup的焦点模式

上小节分析的View的焦点模式完全适用于ViewGroup,毕竟它也是View的儿子,但由于ViewGroup有子View,为了避免焦点产生歧义,还定义了ViewGroup相对于子View的三种获得焦点的顺序,如下:

    /**
        在所有子View之前
     * This view will get focus before any of its descendants.
     */
    public static final int FOCUS_BEFORE_DESCENDANTS = 0x20000;

    /**
        在所有子View之后
     * This view will get focus only if none of its descendants want it.
     */
    public static final int FOCUS_AFTER_DESCENDANTS = 0x40000;

    /**
        拦截所有焦点,不通知子View
     * This view will block any of its descendants from getting focus, even
     * if they are focusable.
     */
    public static final int FOCUS_BLOCK_DESCENDANTS = 0x60000;
    //定义mGroupFlags中的第17和18位用来表示这个顺序
    private static final int FLAG_MASK_FOCUSABILITY = 0x60000;
    
    protected int mGroupFlags;

ViewGroup的FLAG_MASK_FOCUSABILITY是用来控制焦点在View树中的传递顺序的,顺序有三种:

  • FOCUS_BEFORE_DESCENDANTS: 在所有子View之前,自己没获取再给子View
  • FOCUS_AFTER_DESCENDANTS: 在所有子View之后,所有子View都没能获得焦点才问下自己能不能
  • FOCUS_BLOCK_DESCENDANTS: 不通知子View ,即使自己获取不到

和View的焦点模式一样,获得焦点的顺序也是在构造方法中设置的:

ViewGroup中
    private static final int[] DESCENDANT_FOCUSABILITY_FLAGS =
            {FOCUS_BEFORE_DESCENDANTS, FOCUS_AFTER_DESCENDANTS,
                    FOCUS_BLOCK_DESCENDANTS};

    public ViewGroup(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr, int defStyleRes) {
        ......
        case R.styleable.ViewGroup_descendantFocusability:
            //默认是FOCUS_BEFORE_DESCENDANTS
            setDescendantFocusability(DESCENDANT_FOCUSABILITY_FLAGS[a.getInt(attr, 0)]);
        break;
    }

    public void setDescendantFocusability(int focusability) {
            switch (focusability) {
                case FOCUS_BEFORE_DESCENDANTS:
                case FOCUS_AFTER_DESCENDANTS:
                case FOCUS_BLOCK_DESCENDANTS:
                    break;
                default:
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("must be one of FOCUS_BEFORE_DESCENDANTS, "
                            + "FOCUS_AFTER_DESCENDANTS, FOCUS_BLOCK_DESCENDANTS");
            }
            //设置顺序
            mGroupFlags &= ~FLAG_MASK_FOCUSABILITY;
            mGroupFlags |= (focusability & FLAG_MASK_FOCUSABILITY);
    }

从代码中可以发现,如果不写这个属性,ViewGroup设置自己在所有子View之前处理焦点.

View的requestFocus方法

要让一个View获得焦点,需要调用它的requestFocus方法,调用时序图如下(具体的方法可以直接搜索源码):


Android TV开发按键与焦点深入分析(二)--View的焦点_第2张图片
requestFocus.png

View先调用自己的canTakeFocus方法确认自己是不是能够获得焦点,这个方法如下:

    private boolean canTakeFocus() {
        return ((mViewFlags & VISIBILITY_MASK) == VISIBLE)
                && ((mViewFlags & FOCUSABLE) == FOCUSABLE)
                && ((mViewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == ENABLED)
                && (sCanFocusZeroSized || !isLayoutValid() || hasSize());
    }

判断的依据是 : 1.view可见 2.可以获得焦点 3.是enable的 4.有大小
然后递归调用所有父View的hasAncestorThatBlocksDescendantFocus方法,确认父View是不是设置了拦截焦点,如果父View拦截了焦点,自己就不能获得焦点。
如果上面两项都通过了,那就可以名正言顺的获得焦点了,handleFocusGainInternal方法如下:

    void handleFocusGainInternal(@FocusRealDirection int direction, Rect previouslyFocusedRect) {
        if (DBG) {
            System.out.println(this + " requestFocus()");
        }
        //修改状态,flag添加PFLAG_FOCUSED,标记自己有焦点
        if ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_FOCUSED) == 0) {
            mPrivateFlags |= PFLAG_FOCUSED;

            View oldFocus = (mAttachInfo != null) ? getRootView().findFocus() : null;

            if (mParent != null) {
                //通知父View,我现在是那个有焦点的View
                mParent.requestChildFocus(this, this);
                updateFocusedInCluster(oldFocus, direction);
            }
            //调用设置的View树全局焦点变化监听
            if (mAttachInfo != null) {
                mAttachInfo.mTreeObserver.dispatchOnGlobalFocusChange(oldFocus, this);
            }
            //调用自己的onFocusChangeListener方法
            onFocusChanged(true, direction, previouslyFocusedRect);
            refreshDrawableState();
        }
    }

方法中将mPrivateFlags中的表示是否有焦点的bit置为1,表示自己有焦点,这在上一章中分析过,之后调用父View的requestChildFocus的方法,如下:

    @Override
    public void requestChildFocus(View child, View focused) {
        ......
        if (getDescendantFocusability() == FOCUS_BLOCK_DESCENDANTS) {
            return;
        }
        // Unfocus us, if necessary
        super.unFocus(focused);
        // We had a previous notion of who had focus. Clear it.
        if (mFocused != child) {
            if (mFocused != null) {
                mFocused.unFocus(focused);
            }
            //修改mFocused变量,指向这个新的获得焦点的子View
            mFocused = child;
        }
        if (mParent != null) {
            //告诉父View,我是那个包含焦点View的乖儿子
            mParent.requestChildFocus(this, focused);     
    }

父View的requestChildFocus方法中将mFocused成员变量指向这个有焦点的View,然后通知自己的父View我是那个包含焦点View的子View,如此遍历所有的父View,直到ViewRootImpl,这样就修改所有的父View中的mFocused变量了,之后有按键事件时就按这个路径传递KeyEvent,这也在上一篇中也有分析。

ViewGroup的requestFocus方法

ViewGroup复写了View的requestFocus(int direction, Rect previouslyFocusedRect)方法,如下:

   @Override
    public boolean requestFocus(int direction, Rect previouslyFocusedRect) {
        //获取ViewGroup相对于子View的获得焦点的顺序
        int descendantFocusability = getDescendantFocusability();

        boolean result;
        switch (descendantFocusability) {
             //拦截焦点,直接调用自己的获取焦点的逻辑
            case FOCUS_BLOCK_DESCENDANTS:
                result = super.requestFocus(direction, previouslyFocusedRect);
                break;
            //在子View之前,调用自己的获取焦点的逻辑,如果不能获得,遍历子View,让先子View处理
            case FOCUS_BEFORE_DESCENDANTS: {
                final boolean took = super.requestFocus(direction, previouslyFocusedRect);
                result = took ? took : onRequestFocusInDescendants(direction,
                        previouslyFocusedRect);
                break;
            }
            //在子view之后,先遍历子View,让子View处理,如果它们都不处理,则再自己处理
            case FOCUS_AFTER_DESCENDANTS: {
                final boolean took = onRequestFocusInDescendants(direction, previouslyFocusedRect);
                result = took ? took : super.requestFocus(direction, previouslyFocusedRect);
                break;
            }
            default:
                throw new IllegalStateException("descendant focusability must be "
                        + "one of FOCUS_BEFORE_DESCENDANTS, FOCUS_AFTER_DESCENDANTS, FOCUS_BLOCK_DESCENDANTS "
                        + "but is " + descendantFocusability);
        }
        if (result && !isLayoutValid() && ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_WANTS_FOCUS) == 0)) {
            mPrivateFlags |= PFLAG_WANTS_FOCUS;
        }
        return result;
    }

在这个方法中ViewGroup根据自己相对子View获得焦点的顺序来确认调用方法的顺序。从代码中可以看出如果一个ViewGroup要获得焦点它的逻辑和View是一样的,而且由于ViewGroup默认设置了FOCUS_BEFORE_DESCENDANTS,如果它再设置focusable为true,它的想获得焦点的儿子们就不要指望爸爸主动给焦点了,只能通过自己的requestFocus去获得。

总结

简短总结一下本篇的内容:

  1. View的焦点模式可以使用focusable属性定义,也与clickable属性有关联
  2. ViewGroup在View的基础上定义了自己相对于子View的处理焦点的顺序
  3. View通过requestFocus方法获得焦点
  4. ViewGroup复写了requestFocus方法,加入了顺序判断

到这里按键事件的分发和获得焦点的过程分析完毕,但事情还没完,当按下按键时会发现焦点会在View之间移动,那按键事件是怎么转换为焦点View的变化的呢?请看下篇分析: Android TV开发按键与焦点深入分析(三)--按键事件转换成焦点移动的过程

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