SpringBoot启动流程分析

一、了解SpringBoot

Spring Boot是一个简化Spring开发的框架。用来监护spring应用开发，约定大于配置，去繁就简，just run 就能创建一个独立的，产品级的应用。我们在使用Spring Boot时只需要配置相应的Spring Boot就可以用所有的Spring组件，简单的说，spring boot就是整合了很多优秀的框架，不用我们自己手动的去写一堆xml配置然后进行配置。从本质上来说，Spring Boot就是Spring,它做了那些没有它你也会去做的Spring Bean配置。

二、从入口开始

@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringBootWebApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication application = new SpringApplication(SpringBootWebApplication.class);
        application.run(args);
    }
}

从以上代码中可以看出SpringBoot的启动核心要素有两个:

• @SpringBootApplication注解
• SpringApplication.run()

下面,就针对这两个核心要素来展开分析。

三、@SpringBootApplication拆轮子

进入@SpringBootApplication注解类，查看原代码

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(excludeFilters = {
        @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class),
        @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) })
public @interface SpringBootApplication {
}

可以发现，@SpringBootApplication主要由3个注解组成

• @SpringBootConfiguration
• @EnableAutoConfiguration
• @ComponentScan

1. @SpringBootConfiguration

它就是JavaConfig形式的Spring Ioc容器的配置类使用的那个@Configuration，这里的启动类标注了@Configuration之后，本身其实也是一个IoC容器的配置类。xml和注解实现bean的定义如下:

2. @EnableAutoConfiguration

首先，打开@EnableAutoConfiguration注解类，查看原代码

@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import(EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {

这里的重要点是@Import发挥的作用，他负责收集和注册特定场景相关的bean定义。其中的EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.class可以帮助SpringBoot应用将所有符合条件的@Configuration配置都加载到当前SpringBoot创建并使用的IoC容器。
借助于Spring框架原有的一个工具类－SpringFactoriesLoader的支持很智能的自动配置。

SpringFactoriesLoader工作流程

SpringFactoriesLoader其主要功能就是从指定的配置文件META-INF/spring.factories加载配置。将其中org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableutoConfiguration对应的配置项通过反射（Java Refletion）实例化为对应的标注了@Configuration的JavaConfig形式的IoC容器配置类，然后汇总为一个并加载到IoC容器。

四、SpringBootApplication.run()

@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableAspectJAutoProxy(exposeProxy = true, proxyTargetClass = true)
public class Application extends SpringBootServletInitializer {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Application()
                .configure(new ApplicationBuilder(Application.class))
                .run(args);
    }
}

run()方法之前，首先是配置SpringBootApplication实例，实际上会调到initialize(sources)。

    private void initialize(Object[] sources) {
        if (sources != null && sources.length > 0) {
            this.sources.addAll(Arrays.asList(sources));
        }
        this.webEnvironment = deduceWebEnvironment();
        setInitializers((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(
                ApplicationContextInitializer.class));
        setListeners((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationListener.class));
        this.mainApplicationClass = deduceMainApplicationClass();
    }

SpringBootApplication初始化主要做了三件事:

• 根据classpath下是否存在(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext)判断是否要启动一个web applicationContext。
• SpringFactoriesInstances加载classpath下所有可用的ApplicationContextInitializer
• SpringFactoriesInstances加载classpath下所有可用的ApplicationListener

完成后调用run()

public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
        if (this.running.get()) {
            // If already created we just return the existing context
            return this.context;
        }
        configureAsChildIfNecessary(args);
        if (this.running.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
            synchronized (this.running) {
                // If not already running copy the sources over and then run.
                this.context = build().run(args);
            }
        }
        return this.context;
    }

事实上，run是围绕ConfigurableApplicationContext来展开的，那么，我们看下ConfigurableApplicationContext的run里面做了哪些事情

    /**
     * Run the Spring application, creating and refreshing a new
     * {@link ApplicationContext}.
     * @param args the application arguments (usually passed from a Java main method)
     * @return a running {@link ApplicationContext}
     */
    public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
        StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
        stopWatch.start();
        ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
        FailureAnalyzers analyzers = null;
        configureHeadlessProperty();
        SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
        listeners.starting();
        try {
            ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(
                    args);
            ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners,
                    applicationArguments);
            Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);
            context = createApplicationContext();
            analyzers = new FailureAnalyzers(context);
            prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments,
                    printedBanner);
            refreshContext(context);
            afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
            listeners.finished(context, null);
            stopWatch.stop();
            if (this.logStartupInfo) {
                new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass)
                        .logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
            }
            return context;
        }
        catch (Throwable ex) {
            handleRunFailure(context, listeners, analyzers, ex);
            throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
        }
    }

1. 启动并配置SpringApplicationRunListeners

首先遍历初始化过程中加载的SpringApplicationRunListeners，然后调用starting(),开始监听springApplication的启动。加载SpringBoot配置环境(ConfigurableEnvironment)，如果是通过web容器发布，会加载StandardEnvironment。将配置环境(Environment)加入到监听器对象中(SpringApplicationRunListeners)。

2. banner属性的设置

    private Banner printBanner(ConfigurableEnvironment environment) {
        if (this.bannerMode == Banner.Mode.OFF) {
            return null;
        }
        ResourceLoader resourceLoader = this.resourceLoader != null ? this.resourceLoader
                : new DefaultResourceLoader(getClassLoader());
        SpringApplicationBannerPrinter bannerPrinter = new SpringApplicationBannerPrinter(
                resourceLoader, this.banner);
        if (this.bannerMode == Mode.LOG) {
            return bannerPrinter.print(environment, this.mainApplicationClass, logger);
        }
        return bannerPrinter.print(environment, this.mainApplicationClass, System.out);
    }

3. ConfigurableApplicationContext实例的创建

回顾一下run的第一段代码，在run之前会检查ConfigurableApplicationContext实例是否存在，其实整个SpringBoot都存在这这种单例的设计思路。下面看一下ConfigurableApplicationContext的创建代码:

    /**
     * Strategy method used to create the {@link ApplicationContext}. By default this
     * method will respect any explicitly set application context or application context
     * class before falling back to a suitable default.
     * @return the application context (not yet refreshed)
     * @see #setApplicationContextClass(Class)
     */
    protected ConfigurableApplicationContext createApplicationContext() {
        Class contextClass = this.applicationContextClass;
        if (contextClass == null) {
            try {
                contextClass = Class.forName(this.webEnvironment
                        ? DEFAULT_WEB_CONTEXT_CLASS : DEFAULT_CONTEXT_CLASS);
            }
            catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
                throw new IllegalStateException(
                        "Unable create a default ApplicationContext, "
                                + "please specify an ApplicationContextClass",
                        ex);
            }
        }
        return (ConfigurableApplicationContext) BeanUtils.instantiate(contextClass);
    }

根据webEnvironment是否是web环境创建默认的contextClass
,AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext(通过扫描所有注解类来加载bean)和ConfigurableWebApplicationContext),最后通过BeanUtils实例化上下文对象，并返回。

4. prepareContext()

    private void prepareContext(ConfigurableApplicationContext context,
            ConfigurableEnvironment environment, SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners,
            ApplicationArguments applicationArguments, Banner printedBanner) {
        context.setEnvironment(environment);
        postProcessApplicationContext(context);
        applyInitializers(context);
        listeners.contextPrepared(context);
        if (this.logStartupInfo) {
            logStartupInfo(context.getParent() == null);
            logStartupProfileInfo(context);
        }

        // Add boot specific singleton beans
        context.getBeanFactory().registerSingleton("springApplicationArguments",
                applicationArguments);
        if (printedBanner != null) {
            context.getBeanFactory().registerSingleton("springBootBanner", printedBanner);
        }

        // Load the sources
        Set