前言
关于自定义view,我们都知道有三个最重要的方法onMeasure负责测量,onLayout负责放置位置(只有在ViewGroup时使用),onDraw负责绘制。今天就参照源码理解measure过程。
MeasureSpce
讲measure之前,先说这个measure时候用到的最基础的类,他是View的一个内部类。你可以将他理解为测量规则,我更喜欢将他理解为,测量约束,。他有两个最关键的定义(为什么是叫定义,因为它们不是参数),size
和mode
。size
,就是具体尺寸,int类型。mode
是测量模式,也可以说是约束模式。有三个值分别是UNSPECIFIED
,EXACTLY
,AT_MOST
。
- UNSPECIFIED
不约束,比如ScrollView,ListView,他们都不会约束子View的高度,你要多高就给你多高。 - EXACTLY
精确约束,对应布局参数match_parent及精确值,比如layout_height=100dp。 - AT_MOST
给与最大尺寸以内的适应值,对应布局参数wrap_content。
对于他们为什么对应这些布局参数,在后面的源码中可以得到解释。
onMeasure()本质
既然讲测量过程,那么最关键肯定是onMeasure()
方法,我们先看这个方法的源码。
/**
* Measure the view and its content to determine the measured width and the measured height.
* This method is invoked by measure(int, int) and should be overridden by subclasses to
* provide accurate and efficient measurement of their contents.
*
* CONTRACT: When overriding this method, you must call setMeasuredDimension(int, int) to store
* the measured width and height of this view. Failure to do so will trigger an
* IllegalStateException, thrown by measure(int, int). Calling
* the superclass' onMeasure(int, int) is a valid use.
*
* The base class implementation of measure defaults to the background size, unless a larger size
* is allowed by the MeasureSpec. Subclasses should override onMeasure(int, int) to provide
* better measurements of their content.
*/
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
setMeasuredDimension(getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(), widthMeasureSpec),
getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(), heightMeasureSpec));
}
/**
* This method must be called by {@link #onMeasure(int, int)} to store the
* measured width and measured height. Failing to do so will trigger an
* exception at measurement time.
*/
protected final void setMeasuredDimension(int measuredWidth, int measuredHeight) {
······
}
setMeasuredDimension()
很直接,注释都不用看,就是保存最终测量到的宽高值。这也是所有View的实现类的onMeasure()
方法内都必须调用的。
是很显然,这个方法的作用,就是确定并保持测量的尺寸,也就是确定View本身的宽高。
emmm...这就完了?这篇文章就到这里了?这么说也完全可以(●ˇ∀ˇ●)。
到这里就该明白,其实重点是在这个测量过程,所以我们还要继续。
起点:ViewGroup.onMeasure()
上面的源码只是View(View的本身,并不包含其实现)的测量方式,我们都知道view必须放容器里面,比如LinearLayout,FramLayout等,所以我们应该从它的容器入手,而他们都有统一的父类ViewGroup,它是继承View,对View进行拓展的一个抽象类。但是ViewGroup是没有onMeasure()
方法,准确的说,它本身没有重写onMeasure,也就是没有一个统一的测量过程,而是在他们的实现类中重写测量过程。
我们就以FrameLayout的 onMeasure源码为例。
首先从FrameLayout的onMeasure开始。(为什么从这里开始,其实这是个倒果为因,我理解测量过程后,才明白是从这里开始最合适(lll¬ω¬),这也是为什么大多数文章都是从这里开始讲,你看到最后就明白了)
onMeasure参数
看方法先看参数。
onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec)有两个参数,他们到底是什么?
他们是父布局传递下来的,告诉当前View(ViewGroup)的对自身的约束,也就是MeasureSpec的size
和mode
信息。既然已经得到这些信息了,size
也有了,那直接setMeasuredDimension()
设值最终测量值不就行了吗?有些情况下是,比如EXACTLY
,情况下,确实直接size
是多少,measureDimension就是size,但是AT_MOST
(wrap_content)呢。wrap_content
是包裹内容,则就必须知道子view的宽高,才能确定包裹子view所需要的宽高。onMeasure()
很大程度都是围绕wrap_content
这个参数进行逻辑计算。FrameLayout.onMeasure()源码
@Override
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
int count = getChildCount();
final boolean measureMatchParentChildren =
MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec) != MeasureSpec.EXACTLY ||
MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec) != MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
mMatchParentChildren.clear();
int maxHeight = 0;
int maxWidth = 0;
int childState = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
final View child = getChildAt(i);
if (mMeasureAllChildren || child.getVisibility() != GONE) {
//手动重点,加黑加粗
measureChildWithMargins(child, widthMeasureSpec, 0, heightMeasureSpec, 0);
final LayoutParams lp = (LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
maxWidth = Math.max(maxWidth,
child.getMeasuredWidth() + lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin);
maxHeight = Math.max(maxHeight,
child.getMeasuredHeight() + lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin);
childState = combineMeasuredStates(childState, child.getMeasuredState());
if (measureMatchParentChildren) {
if (lp.width == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT ||
lp.height == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
mMatchParentChildren.add(child);
}
}
}
}
// Account for padding too
maxWidth += getPaddingLeftWithForeground() + getPaddingRightWithForeground();
maxHeight += getPaddingTopWithForeground() + getPaddingBottomWithForeground();
// Check against our minimum height and width
maxHeight = Math.max(maxHeight, getSuggestedMinimumHeight());
maxWidth = Math.max(maxWidth, getSuggestedMinimumWidth());
// Check against our foreground's minimum height and width
final Drawable drawable = getForeground();
if (drawable != null) {
maxHeight = Math.max(maxHeight, drawable.getMinimumHeight());
maxWidth = Math.max(maxWidth, drawable.getMinimumWidth());
}
//手动重点,加黑加粗
setMeasuredDimension(resolveSizeAndState(maxWidth, widthMeasureSpec, childState),
resolveSizeAndState(maxHeight, heightMeasureSpec,
childState << MEASURED_HEIGHT_STATE_SHIFT));
······
}
看到上面的重点部分没,关键方法measureChildWithMargins()
和setMeasuredDimension()
。
setMeasuredDimension()
就不说了,onMeasure()
方法内必须调用的。下一步就是分析measureChildWithMargins
。
- measureChild
measureChildWithMargins()
看方法先看注释,这个方法太直接,注释就不用看了。他还有另外一个同类方法,measureChild
,作用都是测量子类,一个是包含margin计算(支持Margin属性),另外一个是不包含margin计算。measureChild()
和measureChildWithMargins()
都是由ViewGroup提供的,所以,ViewGroup虽然没有提供统一的onMeasure
,但是提供了通用的子类测量方法,这也非常符合ViewGroup本身的意义和使命。并且,所有的ViewGroup实现,在measure的时候,都是调用ViewGroup的这两个测量方法中的一个对子view测量。下面来看下两个方法的源码。
protected void measureChild(View child, int parentWidthMeasureSpec,
int parentHeightMeasureSpec) {
final LayoutParams lp = child.getLayoutParams();
//手动重点,加粗加黑
final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidthMeasureSpec,
mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight, lp.width);
final int childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentHeightMeasureSpec,
mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom, lp.height);
//手动重点,加粗加黑
child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
}
protected void measureChildWithMargins(View child,
int parentWidthMeasureSpec, int widthUsed,
int parentHeightMeasureSpec, int heightUsed) {
final MarginLayoutParams lp = (MarginLayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
//手动重点,加粗加黑
final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidthMeasureSpec,
mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight + lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin
+ widthUsed, lp.width);
final int childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentHeightMeasureSpec,
mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom + lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin
+ heightUsed, lp.height);
//手动重点,加粗加黑
child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
}
- getChildMeasureSpec
从上面的源码知道重点方法getChildMeasureSpec
,从命名就知道他的意义是,获取子View的测量约束。
敲黑板,注意,重点来了!是时候展现真正的重点了!看源码
public static int getChildMeasureSpec(int parentMeasureSpec, int padding, int childDimension) {
//结合源码注释跟,我写的中文注释(不是翻译)看逻辑
//获取FrameLayout测量约束(对应match_parent,wrap_content,或具体值),size
int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(parentMeasureSpec);
int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(parentMeasureSpec);
//减去padding,就是能够给与子view的剩余尺寸大小
int size = Math.max(0, specSize - padding);
int resultSize = 0;
int resultMode = 0;
switch (specMode) {
// Parent has imposed(强加于) an exact size on us
//FrameLayout有明确约束时,即size有准确值
case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
if (childDimension >= 0) {
//若子view声明明确值时候,则子view要多少尺寸,给多少尺寸
resultSize = childDimension;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
} else if (childDimension == ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
// Child wants to be our size. So be it.
//若子View声明为match_parent,则他的尺寸应该就是FrameLayout的size
resultSize = size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
} else if (childDimension == ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
// Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be
// bigger than us.
//当子view为wrap_content属性时候,给子view传递的测量约束,是,最大尺寸(AT_MOST)不可以超过FrameLayout
//可以给与的大小尺寸(size)
resultSize = size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
}
break;
// Parent has imposed(强加) a maximum size on us
//当FrameLayout有最大值限制时,即属性为wrap_content
case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
if (childDimension >= 0) {
// Child wants a specific size... so be it
//子View要多少给多少
resultSize = childDimension;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
} else if (childDimension == ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
// Child wants to be our size, but our size is not fixed(固定).
// Constrain(约束) child to not be bigger than us.
resultSize = size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
} else if (childDimension == ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
// Child wants to determine(决定) its own size. It can't be
// bigger than us.
resultSize = size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
}
break;
// Parent asked to see how big we want to be
//FrameLayout的父类不指定约束FrameLayout时
case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
if (childDimension >= 0) {
// Child wants a specific size... let him have it
resultSize = childDimension;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
} else if (childDimension == ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
// Child wants to be our size... find out how big it should
// be
//sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec 是否使用0,当未指定的测量约束
//static boolean sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec = false;
//sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec = targetSdkVersion < Build.VERSION_CODES.M
//这里有一个版本问题,知道就行
resultSize = View.sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec ? 0 : size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;
} else if (childDimension == ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
// Child wants to determine its own size.... find out how
// big it should be
resultSize = View.sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec ? 0 : size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;
}
break;
}
//noinspection ResourceType
return MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(resultSize, resultMode);
}
这里的逻辑不难理解,注释结合日常使用场景,就能明白。从这里,你应该明白了,EXACTLY
为什么对应match_parent
和准确值,而AT_MOST
对应wrap_content
了。同时也更深刻理解wrap_content
在使用时候所代表的意义了。
- measure()
在上面的measureChildWithMargins
方法内,另外一个重点,就是child.measure()
。为了便于理解,只要知道,是这个方法调用了onMeasure()
就行了。在onMeasure()
注释也说过了,自己是由measure()
调用的。
public final void measure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
······
onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
······
}
终点还是起点?
看到这里,是不是有种恍然的感觉,一切又回到onMeasure()
,之前的一切都串联了起来。为什么onMeasure()
传递的参数,是父布局给的自身约束,因为getChildMeasureSpec
内调用的child.measure()
。
那么这里是终点,还是起点?
如果是View的实现,那么这里就是终点了,最后由View的实现比如TextView等,去实现onMeasure
来确定自身的最终测量尺寸。
如果是ViewGroup的实现,那么这里可以说是一个新的起点,去继续遍历一个个子View进行测量。
那么一切的起点呢。
其实我有想过最顶的DecorView,但是去看了一遍源码,及PhoneWindow,还是没找到,谁给了DecorViewmeasure()
的测量约束。不过应该能够基本确定,无论如何,都离不开屏幕的尺寸参数,如此才能确定它大小。
最后
总结一下过程:
- ViewGroupImpl.onMeasure()
一切从这里开始吧 - ViewGroup.measureChild()/measureChildWithMargins()
遍历所有子view,对每个子view进行测量 - ViewGroup.getChildMeasureSpec()
根据自身的约束条件,及child的LayoutParams决定其child的测量约束 - View.measure()
调起测量 - View.onMeasure()/ViewImpl.onMeasure()
具体测量逻辑 - View.setMeasuredDimension()
确认最终的测量宽高 - ViewGroup.setMeasuredDimension()
确认最终的测量宽高
那么为什么自定义View需要重写onMeasure?你明白了吗。
参考
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2