24点破解的Java实现


一、基本思想


要想计算24点游戏的结果,则必须要采用基于搜索的算法(即穷举法)对每种情况进行遍历,我们怎么样才能遍历所有的情况呢?其实我们只要总结一下,还是有规律可以找的。

输入a、b、c、d,组成a Op1 bOp2 c Op3 d的表达式,其中先算哪个子表达式未知,一共有5种计算方式,如下图所示:

 24点破解的Java实现        

 
此时如果要实现该程序,需要存储5棵树,为了能够使得存储量达到最小,通过分析,其实总的来说,只需要存储2棵树即可,即:

其他树都是冗余的,因为我们可以通过a、b、c、d的交换,比如((a+(b*c))+d)可以变为(((b*c)+a)+d);
对于每棵树来说,abcd的可能性为4*3*2*1=24;op1op2 op3的可能性为4*4*4=64,因此总个数为1536,而两棵树的总个数为3072。因此只需要穷举这些方法,就可以知道结果。

TfUtils类为实现穷举24点所有可能情况的类,calculate函数用于计算,参数a、b、c、d分别为给定的4个数,而TfUtils类中的expr属性为求解的表达式。


二、代码实现


CalculatorUtils.java

package org.xiazdong;

import java.util.Stack;

public class CalculatorUtils {

	/**
	 * 计算后缀表达式
	 */
	public static String calculateReversePolish(String str) {

		String[] splitStr = str.split(" ");
		Stack<String> s = new Stack<String>();
		for (int i = 0; i < splitStr.length; i++) {
			String ch = splitStr[i];
			if (ch.matches("\\d+.\\d+")||ch.matches("\\d+")) {
				s.push(ch);
			} else {
				if (s.size() >= 2) {
					String c1 = s.pop();
					String c2 = s.pop();
					if (ch.equals("+")) {
						if(c1.contains(".")||c2.contains(".")){
							s.push(String.valueOf((Double.parseDouble(c2 + "") + Double
								.parseDouble(c1 + ""))));
						}
						else{
							s.push(String.valueOf((Integer.parseInt(c2 + "") + Integer
									.parseInt(c1 + ""))));
						}
						
					} else if ("-".equals(ch)) {
						if(c1.contains(".")||c2.contains(".")){
						s.push(String.valueOf((Double.parseDouble(c2 + "") - Double
								.parseDouble(c1 + ""))));
						}
						else{
							s.push(String.valueOf((Integer.parseInt(c2 + "") - Integer
									.parseInt(c1 + ""))));
						}
					} else if ("*".equals(ch)) {
						if(c1.contains(".")||c2.contains(".")){
						s.push(String.valueOf((Double.parseDouble(c2 + "") * Double
								.parseDouble(c1 + ""))));
						}
						else{
							s.push(String.valueOf((Integer.parseInt(c2 + "") * Integer
									.parseInt(c1 + ""))));
						}
					} else if ("/".equals(ch)) {
						s.push(String.valueOf((Double.parseDouble(c2 + "") / Double
								.parseDouble(c1 + ""))));
					}

				} else {
					System.out.println("式子有问题!");
					return null;
				}
			}
		}
		return s.pop();
	}
}

TfUtils.java


package org.xiazdong;

import java.io.Serializable;

public class TfUtils implements Serializable{
	private int result;
	private String expr = "";	//存放中缀表达式
	
	public String getExpr() {
		return expr;
	}

	public void setExpr(String expr) {
		this.expr = expr;
	}

	/*
	 					(操作符1)
	 					/ 	   \ 
	 			   (操作符2) (操作数4) 
	 		       /     \ 
	          (操作符3)  (操作数3) 
	           /     \ 
	      (操作数1) (操作数2)
	 */
	private int tree1[] = new int[7];; // 存放第一棵树
	//private int tree2[]; // 存放第二棵树
	private final int PLUS = 1; // 加
	private final int MINUS = 2; // 减
	private final int MULT = 3; // 乘
	private final int DIV = 4; // 除

	/**
	 * 计算24点的主函数
	 */
	public void calculate(int a, int b, int c, int d) {

		int data[] = { a, b, c, d };

		
		// 1.用数组构建一棵树,其中0,1,3处填操作符;2,4,5,6填充操作数
		// 2.按照参数a,b,c,d不同顺序填充树,+-*/也填充
		for (int h = 0; h < 4; h++) {
			for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
				if (i == h) {
					continue;
				}
				for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
					if (j == i || j == h) {
						continue;
					}
					for (int k = 0; k < 4; k++) {
						if (k == h || k == i || k == j) {
							continue;
						}
						tree1[2] = data[h];
						tree1[4] = data[i];
						tree1[5] = data[j];
						tree1[6] = data[k];

						// 填充操作符
						for (int m = PLUS; m <= DIV; m++) {
							for (int n = PLUS; n <= DIV; n++) {
								for (int o = PLUS; o <= DIV; o++) {
									tree1[0] = m;
									tree1[1] = n;
									tree1[3] = o;
									String t[] = new String[4];
									for (int z = 0; z < 4; z++) {
										switch (tree1[z]) {
										case PLUS:
											t[z] = "+";
											break;
										case MINUS:
											t[z] = "-";
											break;
										case MULT:
											t[z] = "*";
											break;
										case DIV:
											t[z] = "/";
											break;
										}
									}

									// 目前为止tree数组全部已赋值
									String postexpr = tree1[5] + " " + tree1[6]
											+ " " + t[3] + " " + tree1[4] + " "
											+ t[1] + " " + tree1[2] + " " + t[0];
									String result = CalculatorUtils
											.calculateReversePolish(postexpr);
									if (Double.parseDouble((result)) == 24.0) {
										expr = "(((" + tree1[5] + t[3] + tree1[6]
												+ ")" + t[1] + tree1[4] + ")"
												+ t[0] + tree1[2] + ")";
										System.out.println(expr);
										return;
									}
								}
							}
						}
					}
				}
			}
		}
		//tree2 = new int[7];
		for (int h = 0; h < 4; h++) {
			for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
				if (i == h) {
					continue;
				}
				for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
					if (j == i || j == h) {
						continue;
					}
					for (int k = 0; k < 4; k++) {
						if (k == h || k == i || k == j) {
							continue;
						}
						tree1[3] = data[h];
						tree1[4] = data[i];
						tree1[5] = data[j];
						tree1[6] = data[k];

						// 填充操作符
						for (int m = PLUS; m <= DIV; m++) {
							for (int n = PLUS; n <= DIV; n++) {
								for (int o = PLUS; o <= DIV; o++) {
									tree1[0] = m;
									tree1[1] = n;
									tree1[2] = o;
									String t[] = new String[3];
									for (int z = 0; z < 3; z++) {
										switch (tree1[z]) {
										case PLUS:
											t[z] = "+";
											break;
										case MINUS:
											t[z] = "-";
											break;
										case MULT:
											t[z] = "*";
											break;
										case DIV:
											t[z] = "/";
											break;
										}
									}
									// 目前为止tree数组全部已赋值
									String postexpr = tree1[4] + " " + tree1[3]
											+ " " + t[1] + " " + tree1[6] + " "
											+ tree1[5] + " " + t[2] + " " + t[0];
									String result = CalculatorUtils
											.calculateReversePolish(postexpr);
									if (Double.parseDouble((result)) == 24.0) {
										expr = "((" + tree1[3] + t[1] + tree1[4]
												+ ")" + t[0] +"("+tree1[5]
												+ t[2] + tree1[6] + "))";
										System.out.println(expr);
										return;
									}
								}
							}
						}
					}
				}
			}
		}
		expr = "无解";
	}

	public int getResult() {
		return result;
	}

	public void setResult(int result) {
		this.result = result;
	}


	
}

测试代码:

TfUtils tf = new TfUtils();
tf.calculate(d1, d2, d3, d4);
System.out.println(tf.getExpr());

输入为:3,3,7,7

输出为:(((3/7)+3)*7)





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