IO

File

An abstract representation of file and directory pathnames.

public class File

extends Object

implements Serializable, Comparable

//写txt文件也会被创建成文件夹并不会是txt文件

File file = new File("./src/cn/tju/scs/c02/file/test/test.txt");

txt文件是file不是directory

文件夹是directory不是file

file分hidden不hidden,isFile()用于判断是不是normal file


Stream

public interface Stream

extends BaseStream>

//In this example, widgets is a Collection.

//We create a stream of Widget objects via Collection.stream(),

//filter it to produce a stream containing only the red widgets,

//then transform it into a stream of int values representing the weight of each red widget.

//Then this stream is summed to produce a total weight.

int sum = widgets.stream()

                      .filter(w -> w.getColor() == RED)

                      .mapToInt(w -> w.getWeight())

                      .sum();

可以represent多种source和destination(disk file,device,programs,memory arrays等)

支持多种格式的数据(最简单的bytes,八种基本数据类型,objects,虽然其中有一些会改变data格式)

– A program uses an input stream to read data from a source– A program uses an output stream to write data to a destination


Java.io包中定义流的分类


方式一:数据流的方向:

InputStream

是抽象类,需要用其子类 that returns the next byte of input.

public abstract class InputStream

extends Object //并不是Stream的子类,也没有实现Stream接口

implements Closeable//只有一个void方法 close()

//主要方法

public abstract int read()

                  throws IOException

//父类指针指向子类对象                 

OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(file, true)

OutputStream

An output stream accepts output bytes and sends them to some sink.

是抽象类,需要其子类来写入文件,或者写到其他地方

public abstract class OutputStream

extends Object

implements Closeable, Flushable

//没有无参的write

public abstract void write(int b)

                    throws IOException

//If the second argument is true, then bytes will be written to the end of the file rather than the beginning.

FileOutputStream(File file, boolean append)

  throws FileNotFoundException

close();


方式二:处理数据的单位:

Byte Stream (字节流)和 Character Stream(字符流)

InputStream OutputStream Reader Writer是java.io包里的四个抽象类

其中,

InputStream和OutputStream属于按字节流处理数据

Reader和Writer属于按字符流处理数据

OutputStream需要close()

Writer不需要,但可以flush()

开发中字节数据比较多,图片、音乐、电影

字符最大的好处,中文的有效处理,如果处理中文,优先使用字符流,除此之外,以字节流为主。

public abstract class Reader

extends Object

implements Readable, Closeable

public int read()

        throws IOException//也抛出IO异常

//Abstract class for reading character streams.

//The only methods that a subclass must implement are read(char[], int, int) and close().

public abstract class Writer

extends Object

//Flushable只有一个方法 void flush() throws IOException

implements Appendable, Closeable, Flushable


PrintStream & PrintWriter

字符打印流 & 字节打印流

public class PrintStream

extends FilterOutputStream

implements Appendable, Closeable

//outputStream只能输出以字节类型为主的数据

//int(Integer)、double(Double)、Date类型 的输出由PrintStream输出

PrintStream(OutputStream out);

public void print(数据类型 参数名称);

整数(%d)、字符串(%s)、小数(%m.nf)、字符(%c)。

System.in

try{

Integer.parseInt("abc");

} catch(Exception e){

  //结果相同,err为红色

System.err.println(e);

System.out.println(e);

}

printf()返回类型是PrintStream

print() println() 返回类型是void

你可能感兴趣的:(IO)