在Android中弹出式菜单(以下称弹窗)是使用十分广泛一种菜单呈现的方式,弹窗为用户交互提供了便利。关于弹窗的实现大致有以下两种方式AlertDialog和PopupWindow;
两者的区别:AlertDialog弹窗在位置显示上是固定的,而PopupWindow则相对比较随意,能够在主屏幕上的任意位置显示;
PopupWindow的使用
其实PopupWindow的使用非常简单,总的来说分为两步:
- 1、调用PopupWindow的构造器创建PopupWindow对象,并完成一些初始化设置。
- 2、调用PopupWindow的showAsDropDown(View view)将PopupWindow作为View组件的下拉组件显示出来;或调用PopupWindow的showAtLocation()方法将PopupWindow在指定位置显示出来。
简单用法
// 用于PopupWindow的View
View contentView=LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(layoutRes, null, false);
// 创建PopupWindow对象,其中:
// 第一个参数是用于PopupWindow中的View,第二个参数是PopupWindow的宽度,
// 第三个参数是PopupWindow的高度,第四个参数指定PopupWindow能否获得焦点
PopupWindow window=new PopupWindow(contentView, 100, 100, true);
// 设置PopupWindow的背景
window.setBackgroundDrawable(new ColorDrawable(Color.TRANSPARENT));
// 设置PopupWindow是否能响应外部点击事件
window.setOutsideTouchable(true);
// 设置PopupWindow是否能响应点击事件
window.setTouchable(true);
// 显示PopupWindow,其中:
// 第一个参数是PopupWindow的锚点,第二和第三个参数分别是PopupWindow相对锚点的x、y偏移
window.showAsDropDown(anchor, xoff, yoff);
// 或者也可以调用此方法显示PopupWindow,其中:
// 第一个参数是PopupWindow的父View,第二个参数是PopupWindow相对父View的位置,
// 第三和第四个参数分别是PopupWindow相对父View的x、y偏移
// window.showAtLocation(parent, gravity, x, y);
这就是基本的实现步骤,结合注释很容易看懂。我们传入了一个contentView这是要显示的View,showAsDropDown中的anchor是我们要显示view的参照物,其中xoff,yoff可以直接省略,这样就默认显示在anchor的下面。当然也可以对其进行相应的设置以在不同位置显示,囊括了水平和垂直方向各5种显示方式:
水平方向:
ALIGN_LEFT:在锚点内部的左边;
ALIGN_RIGHT:在锚点内部的右边;
CENTER_HORI:在锚点水平中部;
TO_RIGHT:在锚点外部的右边;
TO_LEFT:在锚点外部的左边。
垂直方向:
ALIGN_ABOVE:在锚点内部的上方;
ALIGN_BOTTOM:在锚点内部的下方;
CENTER_VERT:在锚点垂直中部;
TO_BOTTOM:在锚点外部的下方;
TO_ABOVE:在锚点外部的上方。
这里需要注意:
window.setBackgroundDrawable(new ColorDrawable(Color.TRANSPARENT));
window.setOutsideTouchable(true);
只有同时设置PopupWindow的背景和可以响应外部点击事件,它才能“真正”响应外部点击事件。也就是说,当你点击PopupWindow的外部或者按下“Back”键时,PopupWindow才会消失。
showAtLocation
这里是可以设置其相对参照view的x,y便宜量,使用方法简单就不写代码实现了。
链式封装
为了使用方便,参考晚上的例子,对其进行了链式封装,直接上代码:
public class BasePopupWindow {
private Context mContext;
private int mWidth;
private int mHeight;
private boolean mIsFocusable = true;
private boolean mIsOutside = true;
private int mResLayoutId = -1;
private View mContentView;
private PopupWindow mPopupWindow;
private int mAnimationStyle = -1;
private boolean mClippEnable = true;//default is true
private boolean mIgnoreCheekPress = false;
private int mInputMode = -1;
private PopupWindow.OnDismissListener mOnDismissListener;
private int mSoftInputMode = -1;
private boolean mTouchable = true;//default is ture
private View.OnTouchListener mOnTouchListener;
private BasePopupWindow(Context context) {
mContext = context;
}
public int getWidth() {
return mWidth;
}
public int getHeight() {
return mHeight;
}
public boolean isShow() {
return mPopupWindow != null && mPopupWindow.isShowing();
}
/**
* @param anchor
* @param xOff
* @param yOff
* @return
*/
public BasePopupWindow showAsDropDown(View anchor, int xOff, int yOff) {
if (mPopupWindow != null) {
mPopupWindow.showAsDropDown(anchor, xOff, yOff);
}
return this;
}
public BasePopupWindow showAsDropDown(View anchor) {
if (mPopupWindow != null) {
//兼容7.1以上手机失效问题
if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {
Rect rect = new Rect();
anchor.getGlobalVisibleRect(rect);
//测量
DisplayMetrics dm = new DisplayMetrics();
WindowManager windowManager = (WindowManager) mContext.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE);
windowManager.getDefaultDisplay().getRealMetrics(dm);
int heightPixels = dm.heightPixels;
int h = heightPixels - rect.bottom;
mPopupWindow.setHeight(h);
}
mPopupWindow.showAsDropDown(anchor);
}
return this;
}
@RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT)
public BasePopupWindow showAsDropDown(View anchor, int xOff, int yOff, int gravity) {
if (mPopupWindow != null) {
mPopupWindow.showAsDropDown(anchor, xOff, yOff, gravity);
}
return this;
}
/**
* 相对于父控件的位置(通过设置Gravity.CENTER,下方Gravity.BOTTOM等 ),可以设置具体位置坐标
*
* @param parent
* @param gravity
* @param x the popup's x location offset
* @param y the popup's y location offset
* @return
*/
public BasePopupWindow showAtLocation(View parent, int gravity, int x, int y) {
if (mPopupWindow != null) {
mPopupWindow.showAtLocation(parent, gravity, x, y);
}
return this;
}
/**
* 添加一些属性设置
*
* @param popupWindow
*/
private void apply(PopupWindow popupWindow) {
popupWindow.setClippingEnabled(mClippEnable);
if (mIgnoreCheekPress) {
popupWindow.setIgnoreCheekPress();
}
if (mInputMode != -1) {
popupWindow.setInputMethodMode(mInputMode);
}
if (mSoftInputMode != -1) {
popupWindow.setSoftInputMode(mSoftInputMode);
}
if (mOnDismissListener != null) {
popupWindow.setOnDismissListener(mOnDismissListener);
}
if (mOnTouchListener != null) {
popupWindow.setTouchInterceptor(mOnTouchListener);
}
popupWindow.setTouchable(mTouchable);
}
private PopupWindow build() {
if (mContentView == null) {
mContentView = LayoutInflater.from(mContext).inflate(mResLayoutId, null);
}
if (mWidth != 0 && mHeight != 0) {
mPopupWindow = new PopupWindow(mContentView, mWidth, mHeight);
} else {
mPopupWindow = new PopupWindow(mContentView, ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT);
}
if (mAnimationStyle != -1) {
mPopupWindow.setAnimationStyle(mAnimationStyle);
}
apply(mPopupWindow);//设置一些属性
mPopupWindow.setFocusable(mIsFocusable);
mPopupWindow.setBackgroundDrawable(new ColorDrawable());
mPopupWindow.setOutsideTouchable(mIsOutside);
if (mWidth == 0 || mHeight == 0) {
mPopupWindow.getContentView().measure(View.MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED, View.MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED);
//如果外面没有设置宽高的情况下,计算宽高并赋值
mWidth = mPopupWindow.getContentView().getMeasuredWidth();
mHeight = mPopupWindow.getContentView().getMeasuredHeight();
}
mPopupWindow.update();
return mPopupWindow;
}
/**
* 关闭popWindow
*/
public void dissmiss() {
if (mPopupWindow != null) {
mPopupWindow.dismiss();
}
}
public static class PopupWindowBuilder {
private BasePopupWindow mHwbPopWindow;
public PopupWindowBuilder(Context context) {
mHwbPopWindow = new BasePopupWindow(context);
}
public PopupWindowBuilder size(int width, int height) {
mHwbPopWindow.mWidth = width;
mHwbPopWindow.mHeight = height;
return this;
}
public PopupWindowBuilder setFocusable(boolean focusable) {
mHwbPopWindow.mIsFocusable = focusable;
return this;
}
public PopupWindowBuilder setView(int resLayoutId) {
mHwbPopWindow.mResLayoutId = resLayoutId;
mHwbPopWindow.mContentView = null;
return this;
}
public PopupWindowBuilder setView(View view) {
mHwbPopWindow.mContentView = view;
mHwbPopWindow.mResLayoutId = -1;
return this;
}
public PopupWindowBuilder setOutsideTouchable(boolean outsideTouchable) {
mHwbPopWindow.mIsOutside = outsideTouchable;
return this;
}
/**
* 设置弹窗动画
*
* @param animationStyle
* @return
*/
public PopupWindowBuilder setAnimationStyle(int animationStyle) {
mHwbPopWindow.mAnimationStyle = animationStyle;
return this;
}
public PopupWindowBuilder setClippingEnable(boolean enable) {
mHwbPopWindow.mClippEnable = enable;
return this;
}
public PopupWindowBuilder setIgnoreCheekPress(boolean ignoreCheekPress) {
mHwbPopWindow.mIgnoreCheekPress = ignoreCheekPress;
return this;
}
public PopupWindowBuilder setInputMethodMode(int mode) {
mHwbPopWindow.mInputMode = mode;
return this;
}
public PopupWindowBuilder setOnDissmissListener(PopupWindow.OnDismissListener onDissmissListener) {
mHwbPopWindow.mOnDismissListener = onDissmissListener;
return this;
}
public PopupWindowBuilder setSoftInputMode(int softInputMode) {
mHwbPopWindow.mSoftInputMode = softInputMode;
return this;
}
public PopupWindowBuilder setTouchable(boolean touchable) {
mHwbPopWindow.mTouchable = touchable;
return this;
}
public PopupWindowBuilder setTouchIntercepter(View.OnTouchListener touchIntercepter) {
mHwbPopWindow.mOnTouchListener = touchIntercepter;
return this;
}
public BasePopupWindow create() {
//构建PopWindow
mHwbPopWindow.build();
return mHwbPopWindow;
}
}
}
这里的关键是使用了静态内部类PopupWindowBuilder
,利用他来封装了外部类BasePopupWindow
的一些具体操作,暴露给外部的调用方法更简单,而且他的方法每次都返回他本身,这样我们就可以链式调用。
外部使用方法:
mPopupWindow = new BasePopupWindow .PopupWindowBuilder(getContext())
.setView(contentView)
.size(ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT, ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT)
.create()
.showAsDropDown(this);
这样使用方法就简洁多了。
参考
Android PopupWindow使用方法小结
浅谈PopupWindow在Android开发中的使用