第一章 第二节 结论
一、五大类句型
1.完全不及物动词
2.不完全不及物动词
3.完全及物动词
4.不完全及物动词
5.授予动词
再根据此五类动词，演化成英文的五大类句型
1、主语+完全不及物动词
He fainted.
He slept.
He went away.
He went to the station.
2、主语+不完全不及物动词+主语补语
He is good.
He looks happy.
3、主语+完全及物动词+宾语
He ate it.
He wants to do it.
He knows that he is wrong.
I wonder when he'll come.
They enjoy dancing.
I don't know how to do it.
4、主语+不完全及物动词+宾语+宾语补语
He made me happy.
We elected him chairman.
5、主语+授予动词+间接宾语（授予对象）+直接宾语（被授予的东西）
I give him a book = I gave a book to him.
I told him a lie. = I told a lie to him.
二、祈使句、感叹句、疑问句
以上所列五大句型的示范例句均为陈述句，也是常见的句子。除了陈述句外，尚有祈使句、感叹句、问句三类。但不论形态如何改变，绝不超出此五大句型。
下面将另三类句型介绍如下：
1、祈使句：简单地说，祈使句就是把主语You省略的句子。此类句型一开头即为原形动词，由上述五大句型演变而成的。
第一句型：You must run now. -> Run! 否定型：Don't run!
第二句型：You must be quiet now. -> Be quiet. 否定型：Don't be quiet.
第三句型：You must open the door now. -> Open the door. 否定型：Don't open the door.
第四句型：You must make him do it. -> Make him do it. 否定型：Don't make him do it.
第五句型：You must sent him a letter. -> Send him a letter.否定型：Don't send him any letter.
注意：否定型的祈使句一共有两种：一为Don't起首，另一为Never（绝不）起首。使用Never时，不必加Do，即无Do never的用法。
Never try it.
Don't ever try it. = Never try it.
2、感叹句
感叹句的形成，均由How或What引导。句型如下：
（1）What+n.+主语+动词... ...
He is a great man. ->What a great man he is!
（2）How + adj.或adv. + 主语+动词... ...
由于此处how为副词，译为“多么的”，之后一定要加形容词或副词，以供修饰。
He is great -> How great he is.
注意：How之后亦可置带有形容词修饰的单数可数名词，但绝不可置复数名词或不可数名词。句型如下：
How + adj. + a(n) + 单数名词+ 主语+动词... ...!
How great a man he is! = What a great man he is!
What great men they are!
What good music it is!
但：How之后可接many, much, little, few数量形容词，再接复数或不可数名词。
How many students there are in the classroom!
How few frends he has!
How much money he has made!
How little time is left!
3.问句
问句一共有两类：一为一般疑问句，一为特殊疑问句。
（1）一般疑问句：此类问句不以What,When,Where,How等疑问词为句首。均可用Yes/No回答，是由陈述句变化而成。构成方式如下：
句中有be动词时，将该be动词与主语倒置，句尾再加问号即成。
He is nice. -> Is he nice? Yes, he is.或No, he isn't.
They aren't happy about it. -> Aren't they happy about it?
句中若有一般助动词，如can(could),may(might),will(would),shall(should),must,have(has,had)等，则将该助动词与主语倒置，句尾再加问号即成。
They can handle the problem. -> Can they handle the problem? Yes, they can. No, they can't.
He hasn't reported to the committee yet. -> Hasn't he reported to the committee yet? Yes, he has. No, he hasn't.
句中若仅有动词，而无be动词或一般助动词时，先按动词的人称或时态的不同，在句首添加Do,Does或Did等助动词，再将主语之后动词一律改为原形动词，句尾再加问号即成。
He left early -> Did he leave early? Yes, he did. No he didn't
They enjoy dancing. -> Do they enjoy dancing? Yes, they do. No, they don't.
注意：一般疑问句若以否定形式起首时，均译成“难道不... ...吗？”
Isn't he happy?
Doesn't he want it?
Won't he join us?
注意：不论问句以否定或肯定形式起首，形成答句时，只要认为肯定，就用Yes回答；若认为否定，则用No回答。
Q:Is he happy? A: Yes, he is. No, he isn't.
Q:Isn't be happy? A:Yes, he is. No, he isn't.
针对以否定形式起首的问句，按中文的习惯，Ues最好译成“不”，No则译成"是的”。
（2）特殊疑问句：
此类问句均以When,Why,Where,How,What,Who,Whom,Which等疑问词为句首，不可用Yes/No回答。构成方式如下：
先将问句按中文的句子译出，如：