Android-Jetpack笔记-Lifecycles

Lifecycle即生命周期,一些业务场景如三方地图、播放器等,依赖于activity的生命周期,会有类似下面的用法:

class MyAct extends Activity{
     
    VideoPlayer player;
    void onCreate(){
     
        player.init();//初始化
    }
    void onResume(){
     
        player.play();//播放
    }
    void onPause(){
     
        player.stop();//暂停
    }
    void onDestroy(){
     
        player.release();//释放资源
    }
}

这样使得act代码耦合臃肿,业务代码无法移植,通常需要用接口回调的形式抽离业务代码进行解耦,不过,从SDK 26.1.0开始,Activity和Fragment已经默认实现了LifecycleOwner接口,成为可观察对象,开发者只需为其添加观察者即可监听生命周期,LiveDataViewModel也是依赖于Lifecycle实现的。

Jetpack笔记代码

本文源码基于SDK 29

使用

引入依赖:

def lifecycle_version = "2.2.0"
implementation "android.arch.lifecycle:extensions:$lifecycle_version"
//可选,如果开启了java8的话可以加上
implementation "androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-common-java8:$lifecycle_version"

定义一个观察者,他可以是任何关心act生命周期的业务类,

class MyObserver implements LifecycleObserver {
     
    private static final String TAG = "Lifecycle";

    //以注解的形式标注其关心的生命周期
    @OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_RESUME)
    void onResume() {
     
        //方法名随便写,内部根据注解存储方法,然后反射调用
        Log.e(TAG, "Lifecycle call onResume");
    }

    @OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_PAUSE)
    void onPause() {
     
        Log.e(TAG, "Lifecycle call onPause");
    }
}

如果引入了java8,可以不用注解的形式,直接实现DefaultLifecycleObserver接口,这样做的好处是可以避免反射,

//app/build.gradle
android {
     
    compileOptions {
     
        //使用java8
        sourceCompatibility 1.8
        targetCompatibility 1.8
    }
}
//DefaultLifecycleObserver接口里有默认实现,所以需要java8支持
class MyObserver2 implements DefaultLifecycleObserver {
     
    private static final String TAG = "Lifecycle";

    @Override
    public void onResume(@NonNull LifecycleOwner owner) {
     
        Log.e(TAG, "Lifecycle2 call onResume");
    }

    @Override
    public void onPause(@NonNull LifecycleOwner owner) {
     
        Log.e(TAG, "Lifecycle2 call onPause");
    }
}

在act中添加观察者:

class LifecycleActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
     
    void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
     
        getLifecycle().addObserver(new MyObserver());
        getLifecycle().addObserver(new MyObserver2());
    }
}

然后就可以直接运行看日志了。

原理

注解方式多了些反射逻辑,由于主要分析生命周期,所以以DefaultLifecycleObserver的实现方式来分析即可。

getLifecycle得到LifecycleRegistry对象,以addObserver作为入口,

//LifecycleRegistry.java
private FastSafeIterableMap<LifecycleObserver, ObserverWithState> mObserverMap =new FastSafeIterableMap<>();
void addObserver(LifecycleObserver observer) {
     
    //把观察者存储起来
    ObserverWithState previous = mObserverMap.putIfAbsent(observer, statefulObserver);
}

然后debug一下,看看调用链,

Android-Jetpack笔记-Lifecycles_第1张图片

这里出现了一个ReportFragment,可以猜测下是不是添加了一个空fragment来管理生命周期,这个先放一放,然后看看LifecycleRegistry

//LifecycleRegistry.java
void handleLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event event) {
     
    State next = getStateAfter(event);
    moveToState(next);
}

//省略调用链:moveToState -> sync -> forwardPass

private void forwardPass(LifecycleOwner lifecycleOwner) {
     
    Iterator<Entry<LifecycleObserver, ObserverWithState>> ascendingIterator =
        mObserverMap.iteratorWithAdditions();
    while (ascendingIterator.hasNext() && !mNewEventOccurred) {
     
        Entry<LifecycleObserver, ObserverWithState> entry = ascendingIterator.next();
        ObserverWithState observer = entry.getValue();
        while ((observer.mState.compareTo(mState) < 0 && !mNewEventOccurred
                && mObserverMap.contains(entry.getKey()))) {
     
            //遍历观察者,逐个分发事件
            observer.dispatchEvent(lifecycleOwner, upEvent(observer.mState));
        }
    }
}

然后看到内部类LifecycleRegistry.ObserverWithState

//LifecycleRegistry.ObserverWithState
static class ObserverWithState {
     
    State mState;
    LifecycleEventObserver mLifecycleObserver;

    void dispatchEvent(LifecycleOwner owner, Event event) {
     
        State newState = getStateAfter(event);
        mState = min(mState, newState);
        //回调
        mLifecycleObserver.onStateChanged(owner, event);
        mState = newState;
    }
}

来到FullLifecycleObserverAdapter

//FullLifecycleObserverAdapter.java
@Override
public void onStateChanged(@NonNull LifecycleOwner source, @NonNull Lifecycle.Event event) {
     
    switch (event) {
     
        case ON_RESUME:
            //回调完成
            mFullLifecycleObserver.onResume(source);
            break;
        case ON_ANY:
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("ON_ANY must not been send by anybody");
    }
}

最后,前边提到的ReportFragment,也进去看看,

class ReportFragment extends Fragment {
     
    public static void injectIfNeededIn(Activity activity) {
     
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 29) {
     
            //从Android 10开始,使用Application.ActivityLifecycleCallbacks实现Lifecycle
            activity.registerActivityLifecycleCallbacks(
                    new LifecycleCallbacks());
        }
        android.app.FragmentManager manager = activity.getFragmentManager();
        if (manager.findFragmentByTag(REPORT_FRAGMENT_TAG) == null) {
     
            //给act添加一个空的fragment
            manager.beginTransaction().add(new ReportFragment(), REPORT_FRAGMENT_TAG).commit();
            manager.executePendingTransactions();
        }
    }
    @Override
    public void onResume() {
     
        super.onResume();
        dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_RESUME);
    }
    private void dispatch(@NonNull Lifecycle.Event event) {
     
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < 29) {
     
            //Android 10之前,使用ReportFragment实现Lifecycle
            dispatch(getActivity(), event);
        }
    }
}

可以看到,即便都会添加一个空fragment,但从Android 10开始,使用Application.ActivityLifecycleCallbacks来分发事件,之前的版本才会使用ReportFragment来分发,看注释大概是为了处理一些兼容问题?

优缺点

  • 优点:
    • 解耦,避免act臃肿
    • 模块化和可移植
  • 缺点:
    • 观察者操作比较耗时的话,会阻塞住其他观察者甚至生命周期。

参考文章

  • 简书-Android官方架构组件Lifecycle:生命周期组件详解&原理分析

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