小爬在之前的两篇文章 【python办公自动化系列之金蝶K3自动登录(一)】、【python办公自动化系列之金蝶K3自动登录(二)】带大家系统搞定了K3客户端的自动登录难题,但是搞定【自动登录】只是我们软件自动化的第一步,我们还要搞定之后的传参、下载报表数据、切换账号登录等一系列实际的业务问题。
由于K3软件在开发过程中,使用了大量自绘制的组件、控件,这些控件都无法通过SPY++或者Inspect等软件检测到,使得我们苦心学习的FindWindow、SendMessage等一系列win32API语法都失去了战斗力和用武之地。举个例子,看下图:
假如我们想要下载【科目余额表】,则登录账套后,我们需要陆续鼠标左键单击主控台对应的【财务会计】、【总账】、【财务报表】,最后鼠标左键双击【01016 科目余额表】元素,才能进入【科目余额表】报表界面,而上面的这些元素都是ThunderRT6PictureBoxDC 类,看到类名中有picture关键字,其实你就该放弃FindWindow来定位这种元素的想法了。
我们可以怎么做呢?一种方法是小爬后续要重点讲到的【基于图片识别元素并点击】,不过这里我更想讲讲另外一个讨巧的办法。
K3的每个报表都有助记码,类似于SAP的T-CODE。比如此处的【科目余额表】报表,其助记码就是01016,我们可以通过K3提供的助记码查询功能快速到达报表界面,如下图(见K3主界面右上角):
我们如果可以定位图中的textBox控件,对其赋值:助记码,然后模拟发送【回车】,一样可以打开对应的报表,显然这条路快速且可行:
有了思路,代码只是水到渠成的事儿,小爬下面的代码示例供参考:
1 def sendAssistCode(mainK3Hwnd,assistCode): 2 '''假定已经找到K3主界面的句柄且作为入口参数,然后找到助记码窗口,发送特定助记码,直接去对应的功能报表''' 3 assistCodeHwnd=0 4 while assistCodeHwnd==0: 5 time.sleep(0.2) 6 '''''' 7 ABSActiveBarDockHWnd=win32gui.FindWindowEx(mainK3Hwnd,0,"ABSActiveBarDockWnd","DockTop") 8 ThunderRT6PictureBoHwnd1=win32gui.FindWindowEx(ABSActiveBarDockHWnd,0,"ThunderRT6PictureBoxDC","") 9 ThunderRT6PictureBoHwnd2=win32gui.FindWindowEx(ABSActiveBarDockHWnd,ThunderRT6PictureBoHwnd1,"ThunderRT6PictureBoxDC","") 10 assistCodeHwnd=win32gui.FindWindowEx(ThunderRT6PictureBoHwnd2,0,"ThunderRT6TextBox","") 11 '''在k3主界面输入助记码并登录特定报表窗''' 12 win32gui.SendMessage(assistCodeHwnd, win32con.WM_SETTEXT, None,assistCode) 13 win32gui.PostMessage(assistCodeHwnd, win32con.WM_KEYDOWN, win32con.VK_RETURN, 0) 14 time.sleep(0.01) 15 win32gui.PostMessage(assistCodeHwnd, win32con.WM_KEYUP, win32con.VK_RETURN, 0)
进入报表界面后,K3会弹出【过滤条件】窗口,等待用户输入条件,以便载入符合条件的报表数据,以【科目余额表】的过滤条件为例,如下图:
经过SPY++捕获不难发现,该界面的所有元素基本都是winform组件,可以用win32gui库来搞定其传参和自动化操作,不过其过程相对复杂,需要逐一去捕获并操作,闲话少说,小爬直接上示例代码:
1 def subjectBalanceFilter(conditionFlag1,conditionFlag2,conditionFlag3,conditionFlag4,conditionFlag5, 2 conditionFlag6,conditionFlag7,conditionFlag8,subjectLevel,subjectYearFrom,subjectMonthFrom,subjectYearTo,subjectMonthTo): 3 '''设置科目余额表过滤条件,等待不超过10秒,捕获【过滤条件】窗口,如果仍未出现,可能是出现了【异常弹窗】''' 4 filterConditionHwnd=0 5 while filterConditionHwnd==0: 6 time.sleep(0.3) 7 filterConditionHwnd=win32gui.FindWindow('ThunderRT6FormDC',"过滤条件") 8 IsWindowVisible=0 9 while IsWindowVisible==0: 10 time.sleep(0.3) 11 filterConditionHwnd=win32gui.FindWindow('ThunderRT6FormDC',"过滤条件") 12 IsWindowVisible=win32gui.IsWindowVisible(filterConditionHwnd) 13 print("已找到【科目余额表】过滤条件窗口") 14 time.sleep(0.5) 15 subjectLevelHwnd=0 16 while subjectLevelHwnd==0: 17 time.sleep(0.3) 18 userControlDcHwnd=win32gui.FindWindowEx(filterConditionHwnd,0,"ThunderRT6UserControlDC", None) # ThunderRT6UserControlDC 19 condition1Hwnd=win32gui.FindWindowEx(userControlDcHwnd,0,"ThunderRT6CheckBox", "显示核算项目明细") # 显示核算项目明细 checkBox 20 condition2Hwnd=win32gui.FindWindowEx(userControlDcHwnd,0,"ThunderRT6CheckBox", "包括未过账凭证") # 包括未过账凭证 checkBox 21 condition3Hwnd=win32gui.FindWindowEx(userControlDcHwnd,0,"ThunderRT6CheckBox", "包括余额为零的科目") # 包括未过账凭证 checkBox 22 condition4Hwnd=win32gui.FindWindowEx(userControlDcHwnd,0,"ThunderRT6CheckBox", "包括余额借贷方合计") # 包括未过账凭证 checkBox 23 condition5Hwnd=win32gui.FindWindowEx(userControlDcHwnd,0,"ThunderRT6CheckBox", "包括没有业务发生的科目(期初、本年累计)") # 包括未过账凭证 checkBox 24 condition6Hwnd=win32gui.FindWindowEx(userControlDcHwnd,0,"ThunderRT6CheckBox", "包括本期没有发生额的科目") # 包括未过账凭证 checkBox 25 condition7Hwnd=win32gui.FindWindowEx(userControlDcHwnd,0,"ThunderRT6CheckBox", "包括本年没有发生额的科目") # 包括未过账凭证 checkBox 26 condition8Hwnd=win32gui.FindWindowEx(userControlDcHwnd,0,"ThunderRT6CheckBox", "显示禁用科目") # 包括未过账凭证 checkBox 27 AdvancedBtn=win32gui.FindWindowEx(userControlDcHwnd,0,"ThunderRT6CommandButton", "高级>>") # 高级按钮 28 accountingPeriodPreviousHwnd=win32gui.FindWindowEx(userControlDcHwnd,0,"ThunderRT6Frame", None) # 凭证期间 29 accountingPeriodHwnd=win32gui.FindWindowEx(userControlDcHwnd,accountingPeriodPreviousHwnd,"ThunderRT6Frame", None) # 凭证期间 30 parentYearFromHwnd=win32gui.FindWindowEx(accountingPeriodHwnd,0,"ThunderRT6UserControlDC", None) # YearFrom 31 yearFromHwnd=win32gui.FindWindowEx(parentYearFromHwnd,0,"ThunderRT6TextBox", None) # YearFrom 32 parentMonthToHwnd=win32gui.FindWindowEx(accountingPeriodHwnd,parentYearFromHwnd,"ThunderRT6UserControlDC", None) # MonthTo 33 monthToHwnd=win32gui.FindWindowEx(parentMonthToHwnd,0,"ThunderRT6TextBox", None) # MonthTo 34 parentMonthFromHwnd=win32gui.FindWindowEx(accountingPeriodHwnd,parentMonthToHwnd,"ThunderRT6UserControlDC", None) # MonthFrom 35 monthFromHwnd=win32gui.FindWindowEx(parentMonthFromHwnd,0,"ThunderRT6TextBox", None) # MonthFrom 36 parentYearToHwnd=win32gui.FindWindowEx(accountingPeriodHwnd,parentMonthFromHwnd,"ThunderRT6UserControlDC", None) # YearTo 37 yearToHwnd=win32gui.FindWindowEx(parentYearToHwnd,0,"ThunderRT6TextBox", None) # YearTo 38 granpaSubjectLevelHwnd=win32gui.FindWindowEx(userControlDcHwnd,accountingPeriodHwnd,"ThunderRT6Frame", None) # 科目级别 39 parentSubjectLevelHwnd=win32gui.FindWindowEx(granpaSubjectLevelHwnd,0,"ThunderRT6UserControlDC", None) # 科目级别 40 subjectLevelHwnd=win32gui.FindWindowEx(parentSubjectLevelHwnd,0,"ThunderRT6TextBox", None) # 科目级别 41 print("已找到【科目余额表】过滤条件下各个控件元素") 42 '''点击 高级,展开更多checkbox项''' 43 time.sleep(0.2) 44 win32gui.SendMessage(AdvancedBtn,win32con.BM_CLICK,0,0) 45 time.sleep(0.1) 46 conditionHwndDic={condition1Hwnd:conditionFlag1,condition2Hwnd:conditionFlag2,condition3Hwnd:conditionFlag3,condition4Hwnd:conditionFlag4, 47 condition5Hwnd:conditionFlag5,condition6Hwnd:conditionFlag6,condition7Hwnd:conditionFlag7,condition8Hwnd:conditionFlag8} # 字典,key是conditionHwnd,value则是对应的checkbox状态,为布尔值 48 time.sleep(0.2) 49 50 '''根据checkbox配置,设置K3对应各个checkbox值''' 51 for conditionHwnd in conditionHwndDic: 52 conditionFlag=conditionHwndDic[conditionHwnd] 53 currentCheckFlag=win32gui.SendMessage(conditionHwnd, win32con.BM_GETCHECK) # 显示K3系统当前特定checkbox的布尔值 54 while currentCheckFlag!=conditionFlag: 55 time.sleep(0.2) 56 win32gui.PostMessage(conditionHwnd, win32con.BM_SETCHECK, conditionFlag,0) 57 time.sleep(0.1) 58 currentCheckFlag=win32gui.SendMessage(conditionHwnd, win32con.BM_GETCHECK) # 显示K3系统当前特定checkbox的布尔值 59 60 win32gui.SendMessage(subjectLevelHwnd, win32con.WM_SETTEXT, None,subjectLevel) # 设置科目级别 61 time.sleep(0.3) 62 win32api.SendMessage(yearFromHwnd, win32con.WM_SETTEXT, None,subjectYearFrom) 63 time.sleep(0.2) 64 win32api.SendMessage(monthFromHwnd, win32con.WM_SETTEXT, None,subjectMonthFrom) 65 time.sleep(0.2) 66 win32api.SendMessage(yearToHwnd, win32con.WM_SETTEXT, None,subjectYearTo) 67 time.sleep(0.2) 68 win32api.SendMessage(monthToHwnd, win32con.WM_SETTEXT, None,subjectMonthTo) 69 time.sleep(0.2) 70 71 '''给过滤条件窗口发送回车,代表确定''' 72 time.sleep(1) 73 okBtnHwnd=win32gui.FindWindowEx(filterConditionHwnd,0,"ThunderRT6CommandButton","确定") 74 win32gui.PostMessage(okBtnHwnd,win32con.BM_CLICK,0,0)
有了这些,距离我们玩转金蝶K3的自动化就又前进了一大步。
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