关于.net 对excel操作的方法
asp.net打印文件用的最多的一般2种，word和excel，今天在这里整洁一下关于打印excel的几种方式及优缺点
第一种：直接打印html代码,然后将输出类型伪装成excel文件（excel是可以识别xml和html一些代码的）
代码示例子：
/// <summary>
/// 直接导出html并且强命名为excel格式文件
/// 优点：导出速度快，代码易读 适合快速打印、查看
/// 缺点：由于并非是真正意义上的excel文件 所有缺少excel的文件头，不适合进行一些导入等之类的运用。一些html控件的标签需要进行处理
/// 推荐地方：用于一些不需要对excel进行再处理的地方
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
protected void BtnHtml_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Response.Clear();
Response.Buffer = true;
Response.Charset = "GB2312";
Response.ContentEncoding = System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding("utf-8");
Response.AppendHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode("HtmlExcel.xls", Encoding.UTF8).ToString());
Response.ContentType = "application/ms-excel";
PageInfo<VW_CLN_LendAfter_CustDetail> PageToPtint = ViewEntitiy.VW_CLN_LendAfter_CustDetail.Query(0, 15, "select * from VW_CLN_LendAfter_CustDetail where 1=1 ", ToList);
DataSoucre = (DataSet)PageToPtint.DataList;
DataTable dt = DataSoucre.Tables[0];
foreach(string key in TotableDC.Keys)
{
if (dt.Columns.Contains(key))
{
dt.Columns[key].ColumnName = TotableDC[key];
}
}
StringBuilder strexcel = new StringBuilder();
strexcel.Append(@"<table><tr>");
//导出标题
foreach(DataColumn dc in dt.Columns)
{
if (TotableDC.Values.Contains(dc.ColumnName))
{
strexcel.Append(@"<th>" + dc.ColumnName + "</th>");
}
}
strexcel.Append(@"</tr>");
//导出列值
foreach (System.Data.DataRow dr in dt.Rows)
{
strexcel.Append(@"<tr>");
foreach(System.Data.DataColumn dc in dt.Columns)
{
if (TotableDC.Values.Contains(dc.ColumnName))
{
strexcel.Append(@"<td>" + dr[dc.ColumnName] + @"</td>");
}
}
strexcel.Append(@"</tr>");
}
strexcel.Append(@"<table>");
Response.Write("<meta http-equiv=\"content-type\" content=\"application/ms-excel; charset=utf-8\"/>" + strexcel);
Response.End();
}
第二种：使用Appliction导出excel 这里说的Applcation是由微软提供的OFFICE DOM组件。这种优点与缺点都非常明显
代码示例：
/// <summary>
/// 使用Appliction导出excel
/// 优点：程序可控制性强，因为使用微软本身提供的Excel打开程序
/// 缺点：需要打开excel程序有安全隐患，IIS和程序的本身需要很高权限，容易为关闭平台导致报错，多人同时使用时容易发生冲突，服务器压力负荷较大
/// 推荐地方：在需要对excel需要进行深度开发时使用，其他情况一概不建议使用
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
protected void BtnApplication_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Response.Clear();
Response.Buffer = true;
Response.Charset = "utf-8";
Response.ContentEncoding = System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding("utf-8");
Response.AppendHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode("HtmlExcel.xlsx", Encoding.UTF8).ToString());
Response.ContentType = "application/ms-excel";
System.IO.FileInfo FileInfo = new System.IO.FileInfo(Server.MapPath("b报表.XLS"));
if (FileInfo.Exists) { FileInfo.Delete(); }
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application xlApp = new Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application(); ;
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbooks workbooks = xlApp.Workbooks;
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbook workbook = workbooks.Add(Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlWBATemplate.xlWBATWorksheet); ;
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet worksheet;
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range ExcelRange;
try
{
worksheet = (Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet)workbook.Worksheets[1];
PageInfo<VW_CLN_LendAfter_CustDetail> PageToPtint = ViewEntitiy.VW_CLN_LendAfter_CustDetail.Query(0, 15, "select * from VW_CLN_LendAfter_CustDetail where 1=1 ", ToList);
DataSoucre = (DataSet)PageToPtint.DataList;
DataTable dt = DataSoucre.Tables[0];
int intcolums = 0;
foreach (string key in TotableDC.Keys)
{
if (dt.Columns.Contains(key))
{
dt.Columns[key].ColumnName = TotableDC[key];
}
}
//导出标题
foreach (DataColumn dc in dt.Columns)
{
if (TotableDC.Values.Contains(dc.ColumnName))
{
//计算Range名 这个与excel中行用A 列用1表示类似 如果超过Z便要使用其他方式计算 这里就不作计算了
string rangename = (Char)(intcolums + 65) + "1";
//worksheet.Range[rangename]如果带一个字符代表选择一个 如果是如worksheet.Range["A1","G5"]就相当于选择了成A1到G5之间的所有单元格 定义格式时很好用
ExcelRange = worksheet.Range[rangename];
ExcelRange.Value = dc.ColumnName;
intcolums += 1;
}
}
//导出列值
int introw = 2;
foreach (System.Data.DataRow dr in dt.Rows)
{
intcolums = 0;
foreach (System.Data.DataColumn dc in dt.Columns)
{
if (TotableDC.Values.Contains(dc.ColumnName))
{
string rangename = (Char)(intcolums + 65) + introw.ToString();
ExcelRange = worksheet.Range[rangename];
ExcelRange.NumberFormat = "@";
ExcelRange.Value = dr[dc.ColumnName];
intcolums += 1;
}
}
introw += 1;
}
workbook.Saved = true;
workbook.SaveAs(Server.MapPath( "b报表.XLS"));
}
catch(Exception ex)
{
}
finally
{
workbook.Close(true, Type.Missing, Type.Missing);
workbook = null;
xlApp.Quit();
xlApp = null;
}
Response.WriteFile(Server.MapPath( "b报表.XLS"));
Response.End();
}
第三种：使用ADO.NET进行sql链接
/// <summary>
/// 使用ADO.NET连接字符串进行导入'
/// 优点：导入速度快，低层
/// 缺点：可编译性弱，语言生涩，操作性不强，列名必须放在第一行，自建格式必须使用其他方式创建列否则不能放在第一行
/// 推荐使用地方：仅推荐放在无标题并且有自定义模板的word导出，其他地方不推荐
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
protected void BtnString_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Response.Clear();
Response.Buffer = true;
Response.Charset = "utf-8";
Response.ContentEncoding = System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding("utf-8");
Response.AppendHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode("HtmlExcel.xlsx", Encoding.UTF8).ToString());
Response.ContentType = "application/ms-excel";
PageInfo<VW_CLN_LendAfter_CustDetail> PageToPtint = ViewEntitiy.VW_CLN_LendAfter_CustDetail.Query(0, 15, "select * from VW_CLN_LendAfter_CustDetail where 1=1 ", ToList);
DataSoucre = (DataSet)PageToPtint.DataList;
DataSet DS=new DataSet();
DataTable dt = DataSoucre.Tables[0].Copy();
DS.Tables.Add(dt);
foreach (string key in TotableDC.Keys)
{
if (dt.Columns.Contains(key))
{
dt.Columns[key].ColumnName = TotableDC[key];
}
}
FileInfo ModelInfo = new System.IO.FileInfo(Server.MapPath("Model.xlsx"));
FileInfo FileInfo = new System.IO.FileInfo(Server.MapPath(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyyMMdd")+".xlsx"));
if (FileInfo.Exists)
{
FileInfo.Delete();
}
ModelInfo.CopyTo(Server.MapPath(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyyMMdd") + ".xlsx"));
DataSoucre.Tables[0].TableName = "Biao";
DSToExcel2007(Server.MapPath(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyyMMdd") + ".xlsx"), DS, DataSoucre.Tables[0].TableName);
Response.WriteFile(Server.MapPath((DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyyMMdd") + ".xlsx")));
Response.End();
}
/// <summary>
/// 导出数据到Excel
/// </summary>
/// <param name="Path">需要导入的Excel地址</param>
/// <param name="oldds">需要导入的数据</param>
/// <param name="TableName">表名</param>
public static void DSToExcel2007(string Path, DataSet oldds, string TableName)
{
//Excel2007的连接字符串
string strConn = "Provider=Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0;" + "Data Source=" + Path + ";" + "Extended Properties=\"Excel 12.0;HDR=YES;IMEX=0;ReadOnly=False \"";
//执行导入
ExcuteSQL(oldds, TableName, strConn);
}
/// <summary>
/// 执行
/// </summary>
/// <param name="oldds">需要导入的数据</param>
/// <param name="TableName">表名</param>
/// <param name="strCon">连接字符串</param>
private static void ExcuteSQL(DataSet oldds, string TableName, string strCon)
{
//连接
OleDbConnection myConn = new OleDbConnection(strCon);
string strCom = "select * from [" + TableName + "$]";
try
{
//string CreateTable = "";
//foreach (System.Data.DataColumn dc in ndt.Columns)
//{
// CreateTable += "ALTER table [" + TableName + "] add [" + dc.ColumnName + "] Text ";
// OleDbCommand cmd = new OleDbCommand(CreateTable, myConn);
// cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
//}
////CreateTable = CreateTable.Trim(',');
////CreateTable += ")";
////OleDbCommand cmd = new OleDbCommand(CreateTable, myConn);
//// cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
//System.Data.OleDb.OleDbCommandBuilder builder = new OleDbCommandBuilder(myCommand);
myConn.Open();
OleDbDataAdapter myCommand = new OleDbDataAdapter(strCom, myConn);
System.Data.DataTable ndt = oldds.Tables[0].Clone();
string CreateTable = "create table [" + TableName + "](";
foreach (System.Data.DataColumn dc in ndt.Columns)
{
CreateTable += "["+dc.ColumnName+"] Text,";
}
CreateTable = CreateTable.Trim(',');
CreateTable += ")";
OleDbCommand cmd = new OleDbCommand(CreateTable, myConn);
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
string DelteTable = " drop table [Sheet1]";
System.Data.OleDb.OleDbCommandBuilder builder = new OleDbCommandBuilder(myCommand);
//QuotePrefix和QuoteSuffix主要是对builder生成InsertComment命令时使用。
//获取insert语句中保留字符（起始位置）
builder.QuotePrefix = "[";
//获取insert语句中保留字符（结束位置）
builder.QuoteSuffix = "]";
DataSet newds = new DataSet();
//获得表结构
//清空数据
//ndt.Rows.Clear();
ndt.TableName = TableName;
newds.Tables.Add(ndt);
for (int i = 0; i < oldds.Tables[0].Rows.Count; i++)
{
//在这里不能使用ImportRow方法将一行导入到news中，
//因为ImportRow将保留原来DataRow的所有设置(DataRowState状态不变)。
//在使用ImportRow后newds内有值，但不能更新到Excel中因为所有导入行的DataRowState!=Added
DataRow nrow = newds.Tables[0].NewRow();
for (int j = 0; j < oldds.Tables[0].Columns.Count; j++)
{
nrow[j] = oldds.Tables[0].Rows[i][j];
}
newds.Tables[0].Rows.Add(nrow);
}
//DataTable dt = oldds.Tables[1];
//插入数据
myCommand.Update(newds, TableName);
}
finally
{
myConn.Close();
}
}
第四种，采用第三方组件，第三方组件有很多种，我这边使用的是aspose.cell组件
代码示例:
/// <summary>
/// 使用Aspose导出excel
/// 优点：导出灵活 可以自由编辑格式，改变样式，公共方法比较全面，对安全性能方面没有过多限制，速度也挺快
/// 缺点：一些方法不容易让人看明白，版本限制性强，对.net框架有要求
/// 推荐地方：极力推荐在.net4.0版本以上的系统，不推荐使用在.net 3.5以下版本，3.5酌情使用
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
protected void BtnAspose_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Aspose.Cells.Workbook Worbook = new Aspose.Cells.Workbook("b报表.XLS");
Worksheet sheet = Worbook.Worksheets[0];
Cells cell = sheet.Cells;
PageInfo<VW_CLN_LendAfter_CustDetail> PageToPtint = ViewEntitiy.VW_CLN_LendAfter_CustDetail.Query(0, 15, "select * from VW_CLN_LendAfter_CustDetail where 1=1 ", ToList);
DataSoucre = (DataSet)PageToPtint.DataList;
DataTable dt = DataSoucre.Tables[0].Copy();
foreach (string key in TotableDC.Keys)
{
if (dt.Columns.Contains(key))
{
dt.Columns[key].ColumnName = TotableDC[key];
}
}
//对于导出 Aspose.CELLS有自己定义好的方法 可以F12自己看看还有哪些快速定义导入的方法
//此处解释是将dt里面的数据全部从列0行0位置的单元导入到Word中，并且显示列名为TRUE
cell.ImportDataTable(dt, true, 0, 0);
//此时定义为我导出发送给客户的一些选项，默认是xls的配置 所有我想导出xlsx就需要重新定义下
XlsSaveOptions saveOptions = new XlsSaveOptions() ;
saveOptions.SaveFormat = SaveFormat.Xlsx;
// Worbook.Save(Response, SaveFormat.Xlsx, ContentDisposition.Attachment, new SaveOptions(){ SaveType = SaveType.OpenInExcel, SaveFormat=SaveFormat.Xlsx, ClearData=true, CachedFileFolder="AsposeExcel.xlsx"});
//这其中保存有很多种方案 本地保存Worbook.Save(@路径字符串)
Worbook.Save(Response,"BaoBiao.xlsx", ContentDisposition.Attachment,saveOptions);
//Aspose一些需要涉及到的地方
//第几行第几列的单元格获取cell[0,1]
//第几行第几列的单元格赋值cell[0,1].Value="值"
//获取和设置单元格格式cell[0,1].SetStyle( new Aspose.Cells.Style(){ VerticalAlignment=TextAlignmentType.Center} ); cell[0,1].GetStyle()
}
}