在审核业务中难免会有需要对图片进行标注的需求,本次用一个最小demo来演示如何对图片进行矩形标注。
首先我们要理解canvas是一块画布,而这块画布需要在我们要标注的图片上层,图片和canvas外层的div用相对位置,内层的图片和canvas用绝对位置,即可保证canvas重叠于图片之上。如图:
我们来看下canvas的初始化,在img、canvas中都有ref属性,不同的是img的ref属性直接就是一个useRef引用,而canvas中的ref是一个回调函数。它在组件被加载或卸载时会立即执行,加载时ref回调接收当前组件实例作为参数,卸载时ref回调接收null作为参数。在initCanvas函数中,用canvas的ref引用承接了canvas节点,并且通过drawImage函数,初始化了一块400*400的画布,第一个参数为需要绘制到的上下文元素:
const canvasRef = useRef(null); const imgInstance = useRef(null); const initCanvas = useCallback((node) => { canvasRef.current = node; const context = node.getContext('2d'); context.drawImage(imgInstance.current, 0, 0, 400, 400); }, []);
接下来,我们通过invalidLocations来保存之前的标注位置信息,addInvalidLocation函数是为了添加标注位置信息。最需要注意的是我们在useEffect中所监听的三个函数,startDraw、drawingDeal和drawingEnd。
鼠标落下时,startDraw为起始点的x,y坐标赋值,并且拖拽状态位isDrawing置为true。鼠标移动时,drawingDeal函数会边通过clearRect函数更新画布,边根据鼠标的最新位置通过highlightInvalid来更新标注,经过确定矩形位置大小,内容填充,描边三个步骤来绘制出矩形。鼠标抬起时,drawingEnd函数会通过addInvalidLocation函数添加标注位置,然后初始化参数。
const [invalidLocations, setInvalidLocations] = useState([]); const addInvalidLocation = useCallback((newMark) => { setInvalidLocations([...invalidLocations, newMark]); }, [invalidLocations]) const highlightInvalid = (context, x1, y1, x2, y2) => { context.beginPath(); context.rect(x1, y1, x2 - x1, y2 - y1); context.fillStyle = 'rgba(255, 0, 0, 0.2)'; context.fill(); context.strokeStyle = '#FF0070'; context.lineWidth = 1; context.stroke(); console.log('drawing', x2, y2); }; const clearRect = (drawContext) => { drawContext.clearRect(0, 0, canvasRef.current.width, canvasRef.current.height); }; useEffect(() => { const canvasElem = canvasRef.current; let x = 0; let y = 0; let isDrawing = false; const drawContext = canvasRef.current.getContext('2d'); let canvasRect; const lastCursorPosition = { x: 0, y: 0, }; const startDraw = (e) => { console.log(e.type, 'start'); canvasRect = canvasRef.current.getBoundingClientRect(); x = e.clientX - canvasRect.left; y = e.clientY - canvasRect.top; if (x < 0) x = 0; if (y < 0) y = 0; isDrawing = true; }; const drawingDeal = (e) => { console.log(e.type, 'move'); if (isDrawing) { const x1 = e.clientX - canvasRect.left; const y1 = e.clientY - canvasRect.top; clearRect(drawContext); highlightInvalid(drawContext, x, y, x1, y1); lastCursorPosition.x = x1; lastCursorPosition.y = y1; } }; const drawingEnd = () => { if (isDrawing) { if (lastCursorPosition.x && lastCursorPosition.y) { const width = lastCursorPosition.x - x + 1; const height = lastCursorPosition.y - y + 1; addInvalidLocation({ x, y, width, height }); lastCursorPosition.x = 0; lastCursorPosition.y = 0; } clearRect(drawContext); isDrawing = false; x = 0; y = 0; } }; canvasElem.addEventListener('mousedown', startDraw); canvasElem.addEventListener('mousemove', drawingDeal); canvasElem.addEventListener('mouseup', drawingEnd); return () => { canvasElem.removeEventListener('mousedown', startDraw); canvasElem.removeEventListener('mousemove', drawingDeal); canvasElem.removeEventListener('mouseup', drawingEnd); }; }, [invalidLocations, addInvalidLocation]);
在添加完标注位置之后,模板中我们通过迭代返回绝对定位的div来实现已经标注过的矩形。
{invalidLocations && invalidLocations.map((location, index) => { const { width, height, x, y } = location; return })}
最后效果:
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