传感器监测数据实时存储、计算和展示（RabbitMQ-Flink-InfluxDB）
Backgroud
【2021-09-01】更新内容见下面两篇文章：
- 数据模拟软件：传感器数据模拟软件【StreamFaker】【带界面】【发送到Rabbitmq】【python3+pyqt5实现】
- 程序源码：传感器采集的数据怎么处理、怎么存储【flink】【influxdb】
Goal: 目前一直在做传感器监测类项目，包括地震、桥梁、大厦、体育场、高铁站房、爬模架、风电塔筒等的监测。传感器类型包括GPS、应变、位移、温度、振动、索力、静力水准仪、倾角仪、气象站等。数据采集频率从分钟级到毫秒级不等。需求大同小异，一般需要存储原始监测数据、实时计算、阈值告警等。
Design: 此类时序数据的存储采用influxDB，实时计算采用Flink，所有传感器数据都接入RabbitMQ（本来想用Kafka，但前期架构不好改了）。
Tool: 这里分享一个数据模拟软件（传感器数据模拟软件（To RabbitMQ））提取码：nxlu
【声明： 本软件为公司自己开发，未经允许和授权，任何组织或个人不得用于商业用途】
这里只是做个简单的记录，方便以后查阅，若有错漏之处，敬请斧正。
先贴个简单的架构图
influxDB 和 redis 中存储的数据结构和格式
influx中的v1，v2等和redis中的q1，q2等代表的是传感器的监测指标quota
上代码
package com.cloudansys.api.rabbitmqsource;
import com.cloudansys.config.DefaultConfig;
import com.cloudansys.config.FlinkConfig;
import com.cloudansys.core.constant.Const;
import com.cloudansys.core.entity.MultiDataEntity;
import com.cloudansys.core.flink.function.CustomFilterFunc;
import com.cloudansys.core.flink.function.rabbitmq.*;
import com.cloudansys.core.flink.sink.RawValueInfluxSink;
import com.cloudansys.core.flink.sink.RedisBatchSink;
import com.cloudansys.core.flink.sink.SecMeanValueInfluxSink;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.TimeCharacteristic;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.datastream.DataStream;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.datastream.SingleOutputStreamOperator;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.environment.StreamExecutionEnvironment;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.windowing.assigners.TumblingEventTimeWindows;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.windowing.time.Time;
import org.apache.flink.util.OutputTag;
import java.util.List;
@Slf4j
public class Application {
public Application() {
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// Windows 下配置 Hadoop 目录
if (System.getProperty("os.name").startsWith("Win")) {
log.info("------ 【windows env】 ------");
System.setProperty(Const.HADOOP_HOME_DIR, FlinkConfig.getHadoopHomeDir());
}
log.info("");
log.info("****************** 获取 Flink 执行环境");
log.info("");
// 获取 Flink 执行环境
StreamExecutionEnvironment env = FlinkUtil.getFlinkEnv();
env.setStreamTimeCharacteristic(TimeCharacteristic.EventTime);
log.info("");
log.info("****************** 配置 RabbitMQ 数据源并解析");
log.info("");
// 解析原始数据，把流元素封装成 ListRabbitMQ 数据源
/**
* RabbitMQ 数据源
*/
public static RMQSource<String> getRMQSource() {
return new RMQSource<String>(
DefaultConfig.getRabbitMQConfig(),
props.getProperty(Const.RABBITMQ_QUEUE_NAME),
new SimpleStringSchema()) {
/**
* 如果 rabbitmq 中的 queue 设置了 ttl
* 这里要把 queueDeclare 的第二个参数修改成 true，并配置 x-message-ttl
*/
@Override
protected void setupQueue() throws IOException {
if (queueName != null) {
Map<String, Object> arguments = new HashMap<>();
arguments.put("x-message-ttl", 259200000);
channel.queueDeclare(queueName, true, false, false, arguments);
}
}
};
}
数据解析
package com.cloudansys.core.flink.function.rabbitmq;
import com.cloudansys.core.entity.MultiDataEntity;
import com.cloudansys.core.util.SensorPayloadParseUtil;
import org.apache.flink.api.common.functions.MapFunction;
import java.util.List;
public class RabbitMQMapFunc implements MapFunction<String, List<MultiDataEntity>> {
@Override
public List<MultiDataEntity> map(String element) throws Exception {
return SensorPayloadParseUtil.parse(element);
}
}
package com.cloudansys.core.util;
import com.cloudansys.core.constant.Const;
import com.cloudansys.core.entity.MultiDataEntity;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
@Slf4j
public class SensorPayloadParseUtil {
/**
* 原始流中元素{项目id,时间（17位字符串）,功能码,测定类型,预留字节,测定个数，指标个数，测定id，value}
* {项目id,时间（17位字符串）,测定类型,测定个数，指标个数，id，value}
* 输出：projectId, timestamp, typeSymbol, sensorNum, quotaNum, sensorId1, value1, sensorId2, value2, ...
*/
public static List<MultiDataEntity> parse(String element) throws ParseException {
List<MultiDataEntity> multiDataEntities = new ArrayList<>();
int sensorNum, quotaNum;
String projectId, typeSymbol, pickTime;
String[] items = element.split(Const.COMMA);
int index = 0;
projectId = items[index++];
pickTime = items[index++];
index++; // 功能码
typeSymbol = items[index++];
index++; // 预留字节
sensorNum = Integer.parseInt(items[index++]);
quotaNum = Integer.parseInt(items[index]);
// 将数值拷贝成一个新数组 a1,aq1,aq2,aq3,b1,bq1,bq2,bq3,c1,cq1,cq2,cq3,...
String[] keyValues = Arrays.copyOfRange(items, 7, items.length);
for (int i = 0; i < sensorNum; i++) {
int indexOfSerialCode = i * (quotaNum + 1);
MultiDataEntity multiDataEntity = new MultiDataEntity();
multiDataEntity.setProjectId(projectId);
multiDataEntity.setTypeSymbol(typeSymbol);
multiDataEntity.setPickTime(pickTime);
multiDataEntity.setSerialCode(keyValues[indexOfSerialCode]);
Double[] values = new Double[quotaNum];
int indexOfFirstQuota = indexOfSerialCode + 1;
int indexOfLastQuota = indexOfSerialCode + quotaNum;
for (int j = indexOfFirstQuota; j <= indexOfLastQuota; j++) {
values[j - indexOfFirstQuota] = Double.parseDouble(keyValues[j]);
}
multiDataEntity.setValues(values);
multiDataEntities.add(multiDataEntity);
}
return multiDataEntities;
}
}
写入 influxDB
package com.cloudansys.core.flink.sink;
import com.cloudansys.config.DefaultConfig;
import com.cloudansys.core.constant.Const;
import com.cloudansys.core.entity.MultiDataEntity;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.flink.configuration.Configuration;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.functions.sink.RichSinkFunction;
import org.influxdb.InfluxDB;
import org.influxdb.dto.BatchPoints;
import org.influxdb.dto.Point;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
@Slf4j
public class RawValueInfluxSink extends RichSinkFunction<List<MultiDataEntity>> {
private static InfluxDB influxDBClient;
private static BatchPoints batchPoints;
private static final String measurement = "value_raw";
private static final String tagName_1 = "projectId";
private static final String tagName_2 = "typeSymbol";
private static final String tagName_3 = "serialCode";
private static final String fieldName_base = "v";
private static int count = 0;
private static long lastTime = 0L;
@Override
public void open(Configuration parameters) throws Exception {
super.open(parameters);
influxDBClient = DefaultConfig.getInfluxDB();
batchPoints = DefaultConfig.getBatchPoints();
}
@Override
public void invoke(List<MultiDataEntity> element, Context context) throws Exception {
log.info("##### write in influx 【{}】#####", measurement);
for (MultiDataEntity multiDataEntity : element) {
String projectId = multiDataEntity.getProjectId();
String typeSymbol = multiDataEntity.getTypeSymbol();
String serialCode = multiDataEntity.getSerialCode();
String pickTime = multiDataEntity.getPickTime();
Point.Builder pointBuilder = getPointBuilder(projectId, typeSymbol, serialCode, pickTime);
if (pointBuilder != null) {
Double[] values = multiDataEntity.getValues();
for (int j = 0; j < values.length; j++) {
String fieldName = fieldName_base + (j + 1);
// 数值一律采用 double 类型
double fieldValue = values[j];
pointBuilder.addField(fieldName, fieldValue);
}
// 将单条数据存储到集合中
batchPoints.point(pointBuilder.build());
count++;
// 每读取十万条数据或者每隔 500ms 提交到 influxDB 存储一次
long thisTime = System.nanoTime();
long diffTime = (thisTime - lastTime) / 1000000;
if ((count / 100000 == 1 || diffTime > 500) && batchPoints.getPoints().size() != 0) {
influxDBClient.write(batchPoints);
batchPoints = DefaultConfig.getBatchPoints();
count = 0;
lastTime = System.nanoTime();
}
}
}
}
@Override
public void close() throws Exception {
super.close();
if (influxDBClient != null) {
influxDBClient.close();
}
}
private Point.Builder getPointBuilder(String projectId, String typeSymbol, String serialCode, String pickTime) throws ParseException {
// 毫秒级数据
if (pickTime.length() == 17) {
SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat(Const.FORMAT_MILLI_TRIM);
long timestamp = format.parse(pickTime).getTime();
return Point.measurement(measurement)
.time(timestamp, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
.tag(tagName_1, projectId)
.tag(tagName_2, typeSymbol)
.tag(tagName_3, serialCode);
}
// 秒级数据
if (pickTime.length() == 14) {
SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat(Const.FORMAT_SEC_TRIM);
long timestamp = format.parse(pickTime).getTime();
return Point.measurement(measurement)
.time(timestamp, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
.tag(tagName_1, projectId)
.tag(tagName_2, typeSymbol)
.tag(tagName_3, serialCode);
}
// 分钟级数据
if (pickTime.length() == 12) {
SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat(Const.FORMAT_MINUTE_TRIM);
long timestamp = format.parse(pickTime).getTime();
return Point.measurement(measurement)
.time(timestamp, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
.tag(tagName_1, projectId)
.tag(tagName_2, typeSymbol)
.tag(tagName_3, serialCode);
}
return null;
}
}
DefaultConfig
分流，给不同采集频率的数据打上 tag
package com.cloudansys.core.flink.function.rabbitmq;
import com.cloudansys.core.entity.MultiDataEntity;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.functions.ProcessFunction;
import org.apache.flink.util.Collector;
import org.apache.flink.util.OutputTag;
import java.util.List;
public class RabbitMQSideOutputProcessFunc extends ProcessFunction<List<MultiDataEntity>, List<MultiDataEntity>> {
// 定义测流输出标志
private OutputTag<List<MultiDataEntity>> tagH;
private OutputTag<List<MultiDataEntity>> tagL;
public RabbitMQSideOutputProcessFunc(OutputTag<List<MultiDataEntity>> tagH, OutputTag<List<MultiDataEntity>> tagL) {
this.tagH = tagH;
this.tagL = tagL;
}
@Override
public void processElement(List<MultiDataEntity> element, Context context, Collector<List<MultiDataEntity>> out) throws Exception {
// 根据采集时间格式判断数据采集频率
String pickTime = element.get(0).getPickTime();
// 侧流-只输出特定数据
if (pickTime.length() == 17) {
context.output(tagH, element);
}
if (pickTime.length() < 17) {
context.output(tagL, element);
}
// 主流-输出所有数据
// out.collect(element);
}
}
设置 watermark
package com.cloudansys.core.flink.function.rabbitmq;
import com.cloudansys.core.constant.Const;
import com.cloudansys.core.entity.MultiDataEntity;
import lombok.SneakyThrows;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.functions.AssignerWithPeriodicWatermarks;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.watermark.Watermark;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.List;
public class RabbitMQWatermark implements AssignerWithPeriodicWatermarks<List<MultiDataEntity>> {
private SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat(Const.FORMAT_MILLI_TRIM);
private long currentMaxTimestamp = 0L;
/**
* 定义生成 Watermark 的逻辑
* 默认 100ms 被调用一次
*/
@Override
public Watermark getCurrentWatermark() {
// 最大允许的乱序时间是10s
final long maxOutOfOrderness = 10000L;
return new Watermark(currentMaxTimestamp - maxOutOfOrderness);
}
/**
* 抽取 eventTime
*
* @param element 流元素
* @param previousElementTimestamp 上一个流元素的 eventTime
* @return 当前流元素的 eventTime
*/
@SneakyThrows
@Override
public long extractTimestamp(List<MultiDataEntity> element, long previousElementTimestamp) {
// 因为同一个 List 中的 pickTime 是相同的
String pickTime = element.get(0).getPickTime();
long eventTime = format.parse(pickTime).getTime();
currentMaxTimestamp = Math.max(eventTime, currentMaxTimestamp);
return eventTime;
}
}
根据项目 id 和传感器类型分组
package com.cloudansys.core.flink.function.rabbitmq;
import com.cloudansys.core.entity.MultiDataEntity;
import org.apache.flink.api.java.functions.KeySelector;
import java.util.List;
public class RabbitMQKeySelector implements KeySelector<List<MultiDataEntity>, String> {
/**
* 根据项目 id 和传感器类型分组
*/
@Override
public String getKey(List<MultiDataEntity> element) throws Exception {
// 因为同一个 List 中的 projectId 和 typeSymbol 是相同的
String projectId = element.get(0).getProjectId();
String typeSymbol = element.get(0).getTypeSymbol();
return projectId + typeSymbol;
}
}
对窗口内的元素进行聚合计算—计算秒级均值
package com.cloudansys.core.flink.function.rabbitmq;
import com.cloudansys.core.constant.Const;
import com.cloudansys.core.entity.MultiDataEntity;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.functions.windowing.WindowFunction;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.windowing.windows.TimeWindow;
import org.apache.flink.util.Collector;
import java.util.*;
@Slf4j
public class RabbitMQWindowFunc implements WindowFunction<List<MultiDataEntity>, List<MultiDataEntity>, String, TimeWindow> {
@Override
public void apply(String keyBy, TimeWindow timeWindow, Iterable<List<MultiDataEntity>> elements, Collector<List<MultiDataEntity>> out) throws Exception {
int count = 0;
String projectId = null, typeSymbol = null, pickTime = null;
Map<String, List<List<Double>>> sensorValuesMap = new HashMap<>();
for (List<MultiDataEntity> element : elements) {
// 相同的变量只赋值一次
if (count == 0) {
int i = 0;
MultiDataEntity multiDataEntity = element.get(0);
projectId = multiDataEntity.getProjectId();
typeSymbol = multiDataEntity.getTypeSymbol();
String milliPickTime = multiDataEntity.getPickTime();
pickTime = milliPickTime.substring(0, milliPickTime.length() - 3);
}
// 一个传感器放在一个 map 中，key 为传感器id，value 为是一个 list，元素为指标；
// 同一个指标也放在一个 list 中。例子：Map>>
for (MultiDataEntity multiDataEntity : element) {
String serialCode = multiDataEntity.getSerialCode();
Double[] values = multiDataEntity.getValues();
// 判断 sensorValuesMap 中是否已经存储了该传感器 id 的相关信息
if (!sensorValuesMap.containsKey(serialCode)) {
List<List<Double>> quotasList = new ArrayList<>();
for (Double value : values) {
List<Double> quotaValuesList = new ArrayList<>();
quotaValuesList.add(value);
quotasList.add(quotaValuesList);
}
sensorValuesMap.put(serialCode, quotasList);
} else {
List<List<Double>> quotasList = sensorValuesMap.get(serialCode);
for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
List<Double> quotaValuesList = quotasList.get(i);
quotaValuesList.add(values[i]);
}
}
}
count++;
}
// log.info("sensorValuesMap: {}", sensorValuesMap);
// 计算每个指标的平均值
Map<String, List<Double>> secMeanValue = new HashMap<>();
for (String key : sensorValuesMap.keySet()) {
List<List<Double>> quotasList = sensorValuesMap.get(key);
for (List<Double> quotaValuesList : quotasList) {
OptionalDouble average = quotaValuesList
.stream()
.mapToDouble(value -> value)
.average();
if (average.isPresent()) {
double quotaSecMeanValue = Double.parseDouble(
String.format(Const.FORMAT_DOUBLE, average.getAsDouble()));
if (!secMeanValue.containsKey(key)) {
List<Double> quotaSecMeanValueList = new ArrayList<>();
quotaSecMeanValueList.add(quotaSecMeanValue);
secMeanValue.put(key, quotaSecMeanValueList);
} else {
secMeanValue.get(key).add(quotaSecMeanValue);
}
} else {
log.error("***** failed to calculate mean value *****");
}
}
}
// log.info("secMeanValue: {}", secMeanValue);
// 封装成对象
List<MultiDataEntity> multiDataEntities = new ArrayList<>();
for (String key : secMeanValue.keySet()) {
MultiDataEntity multiDataEntity = new MultiDataEntity();
multiDataEntity.setProjectId(projectId);
multiDataEntity.setPartId(Const.PART_ID);
multiDataEntity.setTypeSymbol(typeSymbol);
multiDataEntity.setPickTime(pickTime);
multiDataEntity.setSerialCode(key);
List<Double> secMeans = secMeanValue.get(key);
Double[] values = new Double[secMeans.size()];
for (int i = 0; i < secMeans.size(); i++) {
values[i] = secMeans.get(i);
}
multiDataEntity.setValues(values);
multiDataEntities.add(multiDataEntity);
}
// 再扔回流中
out.collect(multiDataEntities);
}
}
写入redis
package com.cloudansys.core.flink.sink;
import com.cloudansys.config.DefaultConfig;
import com.cloudansys.core.constant.Const;
import com.cloudansys.core.entity.MultiDataEntity;
import com.cloudansys.core.util.ElementUtil;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.flink.configuration.Configuration;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.functions.sink.RichSinkFunction;
import redis.clients.jedis.Jedis;
import redis.clients.jedis.Pipeline;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.List;
@Slf4j
public class RedisBatchSink extends RichSinkFunction<List<MultiDataEntity>> {
private SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat(Const.FORMAT_SEC_TRIM);
private static final String quota_base = "q";
private static Pipeline pipeline;
private static Jedis jedis;
@Override
public void open(Configuration parameters) throws Exception {
super.open(parameters);
jedis = DefaultConfig.getJedis();
pipeline = DefaultConfig.getPipeline();
}
/**
* 在 redis 中存储采用 列表（List）类型
* redis 只存储最近五分钟的实时数据，通过插入数据的时间和第一个数据的时间来控制
*/
@Override
public void invoke(List<MultiDataEntity> element, Context context) throws Exception {
log.info("##### write in redis #####");
for (MultiDataEntity multiDataEntity : element) {
// 解出流数据中的各个值，准备存储到 redis 中
String projectId = multiDataEntity.getProjectId();
String typeSymbol = multiDataEntity.getTypeSymbol();
String serialCode = multiDataEntity.getSerialCode();
long timestamp = format.parse(multiDataEntity.getPickTime()).getTime();
String partId = multiDataEntity.getPartId();
Double[] values = multiDataEntity.getValues();
for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
// q1 q2 q3 ...
String quota = quota_base + (i + 1);
// 构造 redis 存储 key {projectId_partId_typeSymbol_serialCode_quota}
String key = ElementUtil.stringsToStr(projectId, partId, typeSymbol, serialCode, quota);
// 构造 redis 存储 value {timestamp_value}
String value = ElementUtil.stringsToStr(String.valueOf(timestamp), String.valueOf(values[i]));
// 判断 redis 中 key 是否存在，不存在直接放入
if (!jedis.exists(key)) {
pipeline.rpush(key, value);
} else {
// 存在的话，需要取出第一个数据的时间，判断 list 中存储的数据是否是五分钟的数据
long firstValueTimestamp = Long.parseLong(jedis.lindex(key, 0).split(Const.BAR_BOTTOM)[0]);
long interval = timestamp - firstValueTimestamp;
// 不够五分钟直接存储
if (interval < 5 * 60 * 1000) {
pipeline.rpush(key, value);
} else {
// 已经存储了五分钟的数据，那就先把第一个数据移除，再存储数据
jedis.lpop(key);
pipeline.rpush(key, value);
}
}
}
}
}
@Override
public void close() throws Exception {
super.close();
if (pipeline != null) {
pipeline.close();
}
}
}