Paper写作怎么彻底克服字数问题？

　　Paper是留学生最常见的作业类型，不同于我们常说的作文，Paper勉强可以算是一种论文：提出观点并进行论证。相信每一个留学生都有过和Paper相关的惨痛回忆，但不可否认，写Paper对于知识水平的提升也是大的。留学生最常写的Paper一般都在1500-2500字之间，下面我们以2000字的Paper写作为例，详细探讨如何写。不过Paper的写作方法都是互通的，本文介绍的方法依然适合500字的短Paper或者4000字的长Paper噢。

 

　　一、写作Paper前应该明白的问题

　　1、Questions you should understand before writing Paper

　　1.清楚要写什么

　　1.Be clear about what to write

　　首先，明确老师要求这篇Paper要写什么，如果老师要求分析A的优缺点，但是只描述了一下A，没有从正反两方面对A进行批判性分析与评价，就属于审题不成功，或者虽然题目审对了，但是写着写着就跑偏了，这样出来的Paper可想而知不会给老师留个好印象。

　　First of all,make clear what the teacher requires to write in this paper.If the teacher asks to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of A,but only describes A,and does not make a critical analysis and evaluation of A from both positive and negative aspects,it means that the examination of the paper is unsuccessful,or even though the topic is judged correctly,the paper is biased when it is written.It is conceivable that the paper will not leave a good impression on the teacher.

　　不在审题上花时间，匆忙看过一遍要求就动手了，结果发现自己写错了，删掉大篇幅字数重新来，花掉双倍的时间，此时心情也被破坏，还会对后面内容的写作有很不好的影响。所以，还不如一次把Paper要求理解清楚，不能为了图快反而拖了进度。

　　Instead of spending time reviewing the topic,I hurried to read the requirements and started to write.As a result,I found that I had made a mistake.I deleted a large number of words and spent twice as much time to do it again.At this time,my mood was also destroyed,which would have a bad impact on the writing of the following content.Therefore,it is better to understand the paper requirements clearly at one time,instead of delaying the progress for the sake of speed.

　　2.思路逻辑要清晰

　　2.Clear thinking logic

　　Paper思路混乱不清，无逻辑可言。想到什么写什么是写Paper时的通病，写的时候很多注意力放在文档左下角的字数统计那里，想赶紧写到规定字数完事，究竟文章理顺了没有也无暇顾及。段与段之间的过渡太生硬也是一个问题。

　　Paper is confused and illogical.Thinking about what to write is a common problem when writing Paper,many people pay attention to the word count in the lower left corner of the document.They want to write the required word count quickly.They have no time to take into account whether the article has been straightened out or not.It is also a problem that the transition between segments is too stiff.

　　所以建议用些signpost来标明文章的走向，老师不会喜欢一篇记流水账而且思路杂乱的Paper，这样想得高分也就难了，写完后记住自己多读几遍，如果不润色一下就交上去，一定一定会有错误，不管大的小的都算，自己到底写清楚想表达的意思没有，到底通不通顺都可以在润色过程中发现。

　　Therefore,it is suggested to use some signposts to indicate the trend of the article.The teacher will not like a paper with a daily account and a confused idea.It will be difficult to get a high score.After writing,remember to read it several times.If you don't polish it,you will hand it in.There must be mistakes.Regardless of the big and small,whether you write clearly what you want to express or not can be found in the process of polishing.

　　3.references很重要

　　3.references are important

　　再就是，乱找references，也不管与topic是否相关。找的ref太陈旧就先不提了，但是有些引用来源一看就是与所写Paper的主题不相关的。

　　The other is to search for references,regardless of whether they are related to topic.The ref found is too old to mention,but some reference sources are irrelevant to the theme of the Paper.

　　二、Paper写作方法

　　2、Paper Writing Method

　　1.Introduction部分

　　1.Introduction

　　Introduction部分主要的内容是整个Paper topic的背景、主要几个关键词的解释以及你的一个主要观点。同时introduction部分也会简要介绍下你整个文章的结构。

　　在写introduction部分的时候，更多的是遵循倒金字塔原则，就是从比较general的范围开始一步步递推到你要写的topic以及你的论点。首先introduction部分应该用比较general的陈述性句子吸引大家关注，引出整个Paper写作的topic，之后再过渡到自己的thesis上。

　　The main content of the Introduction section is the background of the entire Paper topic,the explanation of several key words and your main point of view.At the same time,the introduction section will also briefly introduce the structure of your entire article.

　　2.Main Body部分

　　2.Main Body

　　Main body部分主要就是文章主要观点介绍与讨论的部分，在main body部分，有以下需要注意的几个问题：

　　The main body part is mainly about the introduction and discussion of the main points of the article.In the main body part,there are several issues to be noted:

　　（1）Break the main point into pieces，main body部分如果你有几个主要的论点的话，记得要把他们分成不同的段落去讨论。每个段落要集中讨论一个point。

　　（2）State every issue relate to the main point and Make sure all the points are covered https://lxws.net要做到你的论点全部都提到，并且main point的讨论要尽量做到critical。（3）The main argument is clearly identified and personal opinion and explanations are evidently presented在介绍观点的时候要观点清晰，并且evidence必须要提供。

　　（4）Main body的写作时最困难也是最重要的一个部分，那么mainbody怎么写呢？在mainbody的段落中，最常见也是最好用的段落方式如下：

　　Paragraph Structure

　　——Topic Sentence

　　Not Always comes at the beginning.it is the most general sentence in a paragraph.

　　——Supporting Sentences

　　Provide evidences to support,or explain,the idea expressed in the topic sentence.

　　——Concluding Sentences

　　Optional,it is normally located at the end of the paragraph which summarized the information that has been presented.

　　就是你在写这个段落的时候，第一句是本段的一个主题句。之后便是对于你主题句的supporting。supporting这个部分最重要的一个部分就是你需要用evidence去support（literature、数据、新闻之类的），段落的最后一句一般是对于整段的一个总结升华。

　　When you write this paragraph,the first sentence is a topic sentence of this paragraph.Then comes the support for your topic sentence.The most important part of the supporting part is that you need to use evidence to support(literature,data,news,etc.).The last sentence of a paragraph is generally a summary and distillation of the whole paragraph.

　　3.Conclusion部分

　　Concluding Paragraph

　　——is the last paragraph;

　　——signals the end of the Paper;

　　——reminds your reader of your main points by:

　　·summarizing your subtopics;

　　·paraphrasing your thesis;

　　——leaves your reader with your final thoughts on the topic

　　整个结论部分主要就是对于整个Paper的main points的总结以及升华。

　　开始写论文前，务必要整理思路，可以用笔写下大致的Outline（提纲），每一段怎么分布，用到哪些Reference，接下来，你需要的就是关手机，打开电脑，单曲循环最爱的歌，体验日写一千的快感。