MySQL主从复制与lvs+keepalived单点写入读负载均衡高可用实验

一、环境
Master(主机A):192.168.1.1
Slave(主机B) :192.168.1.2  
W-VIP(写入)  :192.168.1.3 
R-VIP(读取)  :192.168.1.4 
Client(测试) :192.168.1.100

操作系统版本:CentOS release 6.4
MySQL数据库版本:5.6.14
keepalived版本:1.2.7
LVS版本:1.26

所有环境均为虚拟机

二、设计思路

1. 服务器A和B,通过mysql的slave进程同步数据。
2. 通过keepalived启用两个虚IP:W-VIP/R-VIP,一个负责写入,一个负责读取,实现读写分离。
3. A和B都存在时,W-VIP下将请求转发至主机A,R-VIP将请求转发给A和B,实现负载均衡。
4. 当主机A异常时,B接管服务,W-VIP/R-VIP此时漂到了主机B上,此时这两个虚IP下都是主机B,实现高可用
5. 当主机B异常时,R-VIP会将B踢出,其他不变

三、架构图

MySQL主从复制与lvs+keepalived单点写入读负载均衡高可用实验

 

四、软件安装
主从两个主机都要装以下软件:
1. MySQL的安装(略)
2. keepalived安装
yum install keepalived
2. LVS安装
yum install ipvsadm

 

五、配置
1. 配置MySQL的主从复制(略)
2. 配置keepalived
Master上的配置
vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

 

[plain]  view plain copy
 
  1. ! Configuration File for keepalived  
  2.   
  3. global_defs {  
  4.      router_id MySQL-ha  
  5. }  
  6.   
  7. vrrp_instance VI_1 {  
  8.      state BACKUP  
  9.      interface eth1  
  10.      virtual_router_id 90  
  11.      priority 100  
  12.      advert_int 1  
  13.      notify_master "/usr/local/mysql/bin/remove_slave.sh"  
  14.      nopreempt  
  15.      authentication {  
  16.      auth_type PASS  
  17.      auth_pass 1111  
  18.      }  
  19.      virtual_ipaddress {  
  20.      192.168.1.3 label eth1:1  
  21.      192.168.1.4 label eth1:2  
  22.      }  
  23. }  
  24.   
  25. virtual_server 192.168.1.3 6603 {    
  26.      delay_loop 2  
  27.      lb_algo wrr  
  28.      lb_kind DR  
  29.      persistence_timeout 60  
  30.      protocol TCP  
  31.      real_server 192.168.1.1 6603 {  
  32.      weight 3  
  33.      notify_down /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql.sh  
  34.      TCP_CHECK {  
  35.      connect_timeout 10  
  36.      nb_get_retry 3  
  37.      delay_before_retry 3  
  38.      connect_port 6603  
  39.      }  
  40.      }  
  41. }  
  42.   
  43. virtual_server 192.168.1.4 6603 {  
  44.      delay_loop 2  
  45.      lb_algo wrr  
  46.      lb_kind DR  
  47.      persistence_timeout 60  
  48.      protocol TCP  
  49.      real_server 192.168.1.1 6603 {  
  50.      weight 1  
  51.      notify_down /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql.sh  
  52.      TCP_CHECK {  
  53.      connect_timeout 10  
  54.      nb_get_retry 3  
  55.      delay_before_retry 3  
  56.      connect_port 6603  
  57.      }  
  58.      }  
  59.      real_server 192.168.1.2 6603 {  
  60.      weight 3  
  61.      TCP_CHECK {  
  62.      connect_timeout 10  
  63.      nb_get_retry 3  
  64.      delay_before_retry 3  
  65.      connect_port 6603  
  66.      }  
  67.      }  
  68. }  


keepalived配置成服务并开机启动

 

 

[plain]  view plain copy
 
  1. cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/rc.d/init.d/  
  2. cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/  
  3. cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/  
  4. chkconfig --add keepalived   
  5. chkconfig --level 345 keepalived on  


vi /usr/local/mysql/bin/remove_slave.sh

 

 

[plain]  view plain copy
 
  1. #!/bin/bash  
  2. user=u1  
  3. password=12345  
  4. log=/usr/local/mysql/log/remove_slave.log  
  5. echo "`date`" >> $log  
  6. /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u$user -p$password -e "set global read_only=OFF;reset master;stop slave;change master to master_host='localhost';" >> $log  
  7. /bin/sed -i 's#read-only#\#read-only#' /etc/my.cnf  

 

vi /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql.sh

 

[plain]  view plain copy
 
  1. #!/bin/bash  
  2. /etc/init.d/keepalived stop  


Slave上的配置
vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

 

 

[plain]  view plain copy
 
  1. ! Configuration File for keepalived  
  2.   
  3. global_defs {  
  4.      router_id MySQL-ha  
  5. }  
  6.   
  7. vrrp_instance VI_1 {  
  8.      state BACKUP  
  9.      interface eth1  
  10.      virtual_router_id 90  
  11.      priority 99  
  12.      advert_int 1  
  13.      notify_master "/usr/local/mysql/bin/remove_slave.sh"  
  14.      authentication {  
  15.      auth_type PASS  
  16.      auth_pass 1111  
  17.      }  
  18.      virtual_ipaddress {  
  19.      192.168.1.3 label eth1:1  
  20.      192.168.1.4 label eth1:2  
  21.      }  
  22. }  
  23.   
  24. virtual_server 192.168.1.3 6603 {  
  25.      delay_loop 2  
  26.      lb_algo wrr  
  27.      lb_kind DR  
  28.      persistence_timeout 60  
  29.      protocol TCP  
  30.      real_server 192.168.1.2 6603 {  
  31.      weight 3  
  32.      notify_down /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql.sh  
  33.      TCP_CHECK {  
  34.      connect_timeout 10  
  35.      nb_get_retry 3  
  36.      delay_before_retry 3  
  37.      connect_port 6603  
  38.      }  
  39.      }  
  40. }  
  41.   
  42. virtual_server 192.168.1.4 6603 {  
  43.      delay_loop 2  
  44.      lb_algo wrr  
  45.      lb_kind DR  
  46.      persistence_timeout 60  
  47.      protocol TCP  
  48.      real_server 192.168.1.2 6603 {  
  49.      weight 3  
  50.      notify_down /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql.sh  
  51.      TCP_CHECK {  
  52.      connect_timeout 10  
  53.      nb_get_retry 3  
  54.      delay_before_retry 3  
  55.      connect_port 6603  
  56.      }  
  57.      }  
  58. }  

keepalived配置成服务并开机启动

 

 

[plain]  view plain copy
 
  1. cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/rc.d/init.d/  
  2. cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/  
  3. cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/  
  4. chkconfig --add keepalived   
  5. chkconfig --level 345 keepalived on  

vi /usr/local/mysql/bin/remove_slave.sh

 

 

[plain]  view plain copy
 
  1. #!/bin/bash  
  2. user=u1  
  3. password=12345  
  4. log=/usr/local/mysql/log/remove_slave.log  
  5. echo "`date`" >> $log  
  6. /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u$user -p$password -e "set global read_only=OFF;reset master;stop slave;change master to master_host='localhost';" >> $log  
  7. /bin/sed -i 's#read-only#\#read-only#' /etc/my.cnf  


vi /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql.sh

 

 

[plain]  view plain copy
 
  1. #!/bin/bash  
  2. /etc/init.d/keepalived stop  


3. 配置LVS
Master与Slave上的配置相同:
vi /usr/local/bin/lvs_real.sh

 

 

[plain]  view plain copy
 
  1. #!/bin/bash  
  2. # description: Config realserver lo and apply noarp  
  3.    
  4. SNS_VIP=192.168.1.3  
  5. SNS_VIP2=192.168.1.4  
  6. source /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions  
  7. case "$1" in  
  8.    
  9. start)  
  10.        ifconfig lo:0 $SNS_VIP netmask 255.255.255.255 broadcast $SNS_VIP  
  11.        ifconfig lo:1 $SNS_VIP2 netmask 255.255.255.255 broadcast $SNS_VIP2  
  12.        /sbin/route add -host $SNS_VIP dev lo:0  
  13.        /sbin/route add -host $SNS_VIP2 dev lo:1  
  14.        echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore  
  15.        echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce  
  16.        echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore  
  17.        echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce  
  18.        sysctl -p >/dev/null 2>&1  
  19.        echo "RealServer Start OK"  
  20.        ;;  
  21.    
  22. stop)  
  23.        ifconfig lo:0 down  
  24.        ifconfig lo:1 down  
  25.        route del $SNS_VIP >/dev/null 2>&1  
  26.        route del $SNS_VIP2 >/dev/null 2>&1  
  27.        echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore  
  28.        echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce  
  29.        echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore  
  30.        echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce  
  31.        echo "RealServer Stoped"  
  32.        ;;  
  33.    
  34. *)  
  35.    
  36.        echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop}"  
  37.        exit 1  
  38. esac  
  39. exit 0  
[plain]  view plain copy
 
  1. chmod 755 /usr/local/bin/lvs_real.sh  
  2. echo "/usr/local/bin/lvs_real.sh start" >> /etc/rc.local  


五、Master和Slave的启动
1. 启动Master上的MySQL
service mysql start
2. 启动Slave上的MySQL
service mysql start
3. 启动Master上的realserver脚本
/usr/local/bin/lvs_real.sh start
4. 启动Slave上的realserver脚本
/usr/local/bin/lvs_real.sh start
5. 启动Master上的keepalived
service keepalived start
6. 启动Slave上的keepalived
service keepalived start


六、测试
1. 查看lvs能否进行负载均衡转发
在Master和Slave上分别执行:
ipvsadm -ln

2. 在Client上验证连通性:
ping 192.168.1.3
ping 192.168.1.4
mysql -u u1 -p12345 -P 6603 -h 192.168.1.3 -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
mysql -u u1 -p12345 -P 6603 -h 192.168.1.4 -e "show variables like 'server_id'"

3. 停掉Master上的MySQL,看写IP否自动切换到Slave,看读IP是否去掉了Master的MySQL
在Master和Slave上分别执行:
ipvsadm -ln
在Client上执行:
mysql -u u1 -p12345 -P 6603 -h 192.168.1.3 -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
mysql -u u1 -p12345 -P 6603 -h 192.168.1.4 -e "show variables like 'server_id'"

4. 停掉Master上的keepalived,看读写VIP是否会迁移到Slave上。
在Master和Slave上分别执行:
ipvsadm -ln
在Client上执行:
mysql -u u1 -p12345 -P 6603 -h 192.168.1.3 -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
mysql -u u1 -p12345 -P 6603 -h 192.168.1.4 -e "show variables like 'server_id'"

5. 停掉Slave上的MySQL,看读IP是否去掉了Slave的MySQL
在Master和Slave上分别执行:
ipvsadm -ln
在Client上执行:
mysql -u u1 -p12345 -P 6603 -h 192.168.1.3 -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
mysql -u u1 -p12345 -P 6603 -h 192.168.1.4 -e "show variables like 'server_id'"

6. 重启Master的系统,看看切换过程是否正常

七、参考
http://wenku.baidu.com/link?url=17K0UDApzfK18A8F5Of9wl0lmGx6AD_0PQ8GyVqmCsBMSz16xjt2JI88lPAeID2qECs7piUxkzQLyatTtDuEJxwZEy6joIBfBmT3vgTfdUS
http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-23500957-id-3781918.html
http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-23500957-id-3781919.html
http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-20639775-id-3337471.html

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