isa的初始化和指向分析

isa的初始化

isa的初始化流程代码

inline void 
objc_object::initInstanceIsa(Class cls, bool hasCxxDtor)
{
    assert(!cls->instancesRequireRawIsa());
    assert(hasCxxDtor == cls->hasCxxDtor());

    initIsa(cls, true, hasCxxDtor);
}

// -> initIsa
inline void 
objc_object::initIsa(Class cls, bool nonpointer, bool hasCxxDtor) 
{ 
    assert(!isTaggedPointer()); 
    
    if (!nonpointer) {
        //  如果单纯是个指针,就将类传过来的类赋值给isa的cls
        isa.cls = cls;
    } else {
        assert(!DisableNonpointerIsa);
        assert(!cls->instancesRequireRawIsa());

        isa_t newisa(0);
#if SUPPORT_INDEXED_ISA
        assert(cls->classArrayIndex() > 0);
        newisa.bits = ISA_INDEX_MAGIC_VALUE;
        newisa.has_cxx_dtor = hasCxxDtor;
        newisa.indexcls = (uintptr_t)cls->classArrayIndex();
#else
        newisa.bits = ISA_MAGIC_VALUE;
        newisa.has_cxx_dtor = hasCxxDtor;// 标记是否存在c++ 析构函数
        newisa.shiftcls = (uintptr_t)cls >> 3;
#endif
        isa = newisa;
    }
}

问题解释:为什么赋值了cls之后就不赋值bits了?

 if (!nonpointer) {
  `isa.cls = cls;`
}else{
...
  `newisa.bits = ISA_INDEX_MAGIC_VALUE;`
...
}

原因是:isa是一个命名为isa_t的联合体,联合体中Class cls;uintptr_t bits;互斥的。

union isa_t {
    isa_t() { }
    isa_t(uintptr_t value) : bits(value) { }

    Class cls;
    uintptr_t bits;
#if defined(ISA_BITFIELD)
    struct {
        ISA_BITFIELD;  // defined in isa.h
    };
#endif
};

从上图代码中可以看出,isa初始化,是进行一系列参数赋值,如图所示:

timg.jpeg

通过代码 isa_t newisa(0);isa = newisa;可以知道,isa是一个isa_t类型的结构体

union isa_t {
    isa_t() { }
    isa_t(uintptr_t value) : bits(value) { }

    Class cls;
    uintptr_t bits;
#if defined(ISA_BITFIELD)
    struct {
        ISA_BITFIELD;  // defined in isa.h
    };
#endif
};

其中在位域 struct { ISA_BITFIELD; // defined in isa.h };中可以查到 isa_t的结构代码(分为arm64和x86两种)如下:

# if __arm64__
#   define ISA_MASK        0x0000000ffffffff8ULL
#   define ISA_MAGIC_MASK  0x000003f000000001ULL
#   define ISA_MAGIC_VALUE 0x000001a000000001ULL
#   define ISA_BITFIELD                                                      \
      uintptr_t nonpointer        : 1;                                       \
      uintptr_t has_assoc         : 1;                                       \
      uintptr_t has_cxx_dtor      : 1;                                       \
      uintptr_t shiftcls          : 33; /*MACH_VM_MAX_ADDRESS 0x1000000000*/ \
      uintptr_t magic             : 6;                                       \
      uintptr_t weakly_referenced : 1;                                       \
      uintptr_t deallocating      : 1;                                       \
      uintptr_t has_sidetable_rc  : 1;                                       \
      uintptr_t extra_rc          : 19
#   define RC_ONE   (1ULL<<45)
#   define RC_HALF  (1ULL<<18)

# elif __x86_64__
#   define ISA_MASK        0x00007ffffffffff8ULL
#   define ISA_MAGIC_MASK  0x001f800000000001ULL
#   define ISA_MAGIC_VALUE 0x001d800000000001ULL
#   define ISA_BITFIELD                                                        \
      uintptr_t nonpointer        : 1;                                         \
      uintptr_t has_assoc         : 1;                                         \
      uintptr_t has_cxx_dtor      : 1;                                         \
      uintptr_t shiftcls          : 44; /*MACH_VM_MAX_ADDRESS 0x7fffffe00000*/ \
      uintptr_t magic             : 6;                                         \
      uintptr_t weakly_referenced : 1;                                         \
      uintptr_t deallocating      : 1;                                         \
      uintptr_t has_sidetable_rc  : 1;                                         \
      uintptr_t extra_rc          : 8
#   define RC_ONE   (1ULL<<56)
#   define RC_HALF  (1ULL<<7)

isa_t结构代码的解释

  • nonpointer 表示是否对isa指针开启优化(我们现在的都是开启了优化),值0:纯isa指针 值1:不止是类对象地址,isa中还包含了类信息,对象的引用计数等;
  • has_assoc 是否有关联对象, 值0 没有 值1 有;
  • has_cxx_dtor 该对象是否有c++或者objc析构函数,如果有析构函数,先走析构逻辑,没有就更快的释放对象;
  • shiftcls存储类指针的值,开启指针优化的时候 在arm64架构中有33位存储类指正
  • magic用于调试器判断当前对象是真的对象还是没有初始化的空间
  • weakly_referenced 标志对象是否指向或者曾经指向一个ARC的弱变量,没有弱引用的对象可以更快的释放
  • deallocating 标志对象是否正在释放
  • has_sidetable_rc 当对象引用计数大于10时,则需要借用该变量存储进位
  • extra_rc表示对象的引用计数的值,实际上是引用计数减1.
    例如 如果对象的引用计数位10 则extra_rc为9 ,若引用计数大于10 ,则需要用到上面的has_sidetable_rc。

对象的第一个属性必然是isa

验证方法:

    1. NSObject 中定义第一属性就是isaClass isa
@interface NSObject  {
#pragma clang diagnostic push
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wobjc-interface-ivars"
    Class isa  OBJC_ISA_AVAILABILITY;
#pragma clang diagnostic pop
}
  • 2.isa必然关联一个class isa <-> class
    根据newisa.shiftcls = (uintptr_t)cls >> 3;进行二进制位移后,后面相同,如图
    截屏2019-12-22下午11.22.15.png

isa 指向分析

  • 通过lldb进行调试可以发现
    初始化类
    LGPerson *person = [LGPerson alloc];

根据(Class)(isa.bits & ISA_MASK);lldb调试如下

(lldb) x/4gx person
0x100f3b150: 0x001d8001000023b5 0x0000000000000000
0x100f3b160: 0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000000000
(lldb) p/x LGPerson.class
(Class) $1 = 0x00000001000023b0 LGPerson
(lldb) p/x 0x00000001000023b0 & 0x0000000ffffffff8
(long) $2 = 0x00000001000023b0
(lldb) po 0x00000001000023b0
LGPerson

通过调试可以得出:isa 从类的实例对象person指向了类LGPerson。

继续调试,打印LGPerson首地址也是LGPerson

(lldb) x/4gx LGPerson.class
0x1000023b0: 0x001d800100002389 0x0000000100b37140
0x1000023c0: 0x00000001003da290 0x0000000000000000
(lldb) po 0x1000023b0
LGPerson

根据(Class)(isa.bits & ISA_MASK);找到最终类为NSObject

(lldb) x/4gx LGPerson.class
0x1000023b0: 0x001d800100002389 0x0000000100b37140
0x1000023c0: 0x00000001003da290 0x0000000000000000
(lldb) p/x 0x001d800100002389 & 0x0000000ffffffff8
(long) $8 = 0x0000000100002388
(lldb) po 0x0000000100002388
LGPerson

(lldb) x/4gx 0x0000000100002388
0x100002388: 0x001d800100b370f1 0x0000000100b370f0
0x100002398: 0x000000010104ee30 0x0000000400000007
(lldb) p/x 0x001d800100b370f1 & 0x0000000ffffffff8
(long) $10 = 0x0000000100b370f0
(lldb) po 0x0000000100b370f0
NSObject

(lldb) x/4gx 0x0000000100b370f0
0x100b370f0: 0x001d800100b370f1 0x0000000100b37140
0x100b37100: 0x000000010123d3e0 0x0000000400000007
(lldb) p/x 0x001d800100b370f1 & 0x0000000ffffffff8
(long) $12 = 0x0000000100b370f0
(lldb) po 0x0000000100b370f0
NSObject

通过上图调试可以完美验证isa的走位如图所示
isa 指向图


1129392-2fcd94dced3798a2.png
  • 虚线代表了isa的走位。实例对象->类->元类->根元类->根根元类(根元类本身)。
  • 实线代表着继承。

总结

  • 实例对象的isa指向的是类;
  • 类的isa指向的元类;
  • 元类isa指向根元类;
  • 根元类isa指向自己;
  • NSObject的父类是nil,根元类的父类是NSObject。

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