React的简单实现 (三)更新优化算法diff

接下来主要优化一下组件的更新

从之前文章可以知道,我们组件是通过createElement然后遍历children属性,完成整个dom的创建,其实是相当耗费性能的,react之所以能实现高性能,是因为它实现了局部dom的更新,而不是像我们_render方法里面那么简单粗暴。

function _render(vnode) {

  if (vnode === undefined || vnode === null || typeof vnode === 'boolean') vnode = '';

  if (typeof vnode === 'number') vnode = String(vnode);

  if (typeof vnode === 'string') {
    let textNode = document.createTextNode(vnode);
    return textNode;
  }
  if (typeof vnode.tag === 'function') {

    const component = createComponent(vnode.tag, vnode.attrs);

    setComponentProps(component, vnode.attrs);

    return component.base;
  }

  const dom = document.createElement(vnode.tag);

  if (vnode.attrs) {
    Object.keys(vnode.attrs).forEach(key => {
      const value = vnode.attrs[key];
      setAttribute(dom, key, value);
    });
  }

  vnode.children.forEach(child => render(child, dom));    // 递归渲染子节点
  return dom;
}

先定义一个diff的算法,传入原来通过createElement创建的dom和新的node(JSX解析出来的返还),diff主要通过新的对象与已有的dom对比,决定是否需要创建或者更新dom,如下面:

{"tag":"div","attrs":null,"children":["Text",{"tag":"div","attrs":null,"children":["Count: ",0]},{"tag":"button","attrs":{},"children":["Add"]}]}

diff函数

function diff( dom, vnode, container ) {
    const ret = diffNode( dom, vnode );
    if ( container && ret.parentNode !== container ) {
        container.appendChild( ret );
    }
    return ret;
}

diffNode做同级节点对比,同时递归便利字节点

function diffNode( dom, vnode ) {

    let out = dom;

    if ( vnode === undefined || vnode === null || typeof vnode === 'boolean' )         
      {
        vnode = '';
      }
    if ( typeof vnode === 'number' ) vnode = String( vnode );
    // diff text node
    if ( typeof vnode === 'string' ) {
        // 如果当前的DOM就是文本节点,则直接更新内容
        if ( dom && dom.nodeType === 3 ) {    // nodeType: https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/API/Node/nodeType
            if ( dom.textContent !== vnode ) {
                dom.textContent = vnode;
            }
        // 如果DOM不是文本节点,则新建一个文本节点DOM,并移除掉原来的
        } else {
            out = document.createTextNode( vnode );
            if ( dom && dom.parentNode ) {
                dom.parentNode.replaceChild( out, dom );
            }
        }
        return out;
    }
    if ( typeof vnode.tag === 'function' ) {
        return diffComponent( dom, vnode );
    }
    //
    if ( !dom || !isSameNodeType( dom, vnode ) ) {
        out = document.createElement( vnode.tag );
        if ( dom ) {
            [ ...dom.childNodes ].map( out.appendChild );    // 将原来的子节点移到新节点下
            if ( dom.parentNode ) {
                dom.parentNode.replaceChild( out, dom );    // 移除掉原来的DOM对象
            }
        }
    }

    if ( vnode.children && vnode.children.length > 0 || ( out.childNodes && out.childNodes.length > 0 ) ) {
        diffChildren( out, vnode.children );
    }

    diffAttributes( out, vnode );
    return out;
}

diffChildren相对麻烦,因为要针对key进行优化,具体原因可以参考:https://jdc.jd.com/archives/212685

function diffChildren( dom, vchildren ) {

    const domChildren = dom.childNodes;
    const children = [];

    const keyed = {};

    if ( domChildren.length > 0 ) {
        for ( let i = 0; i < domChildren.length; i++ ) {
            const child = domChildren[ i ];
            const key = child.key;
            if ( key ) {
                keyed[ key ] = child;
            } else {
                children.push( child );
            }
        }
    }

    if ( vchildren && vchildren.length > 0 ) {

        let min = 0;
        let childrenLen = children.length;

        for ( let i = 0; i < vchildren.length; i++ ) {

            const vchild = vchildren[ i ];
            const key = vchild.key;
            let child;

            if ( key ) {
                if ( keyed[ key ] ) {
                    child = keyed[ key ];
                    keyed[ key ] = undefined;
                }
            } else if ( min < childrenLen ) {
                for ( let j = min; j < childrenLen; j++ ) {
                    let c = children[ j ];
                    if ( c && isSameNodeType( c, vchild ) ) {
                        child = c;
                        children[ j ] = undefined;
                        if ( j === childrenLen - 1 ) childrenLen--;
                        if ( j === min ) min++;
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
            child = diffNode( child, vchild );
            const f = domChildren[ i ];
            if ( child && child !== dom && child !== f ) {
                if ( !f ) {
                    dom.appendChild(child);
                } else if ( child === f.nextSibling ) {
                    removeNode( f );
                } else {
                    dom.insertBefore( child, f );
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

最后还有diffcomponent的函数,主要是component有unmount的生命周期需要实现。注意一下,vnode返回的的tag就是component的构建函数,这一步是babel帮我们转换的,加入vnode的tag跟原本_component的constructor不同,可以认为原来的组件已经卸载了

function diffComponent(dom, vnode) {

  let c = dom && dom._component;
  let oldDom = dom;

  // 如果组件类型没有变化,则重新set props
  if (c && c.constructor === vnode.tag) {
    setComponentProps(c, vnode.attrs);
    dom = c.base;
    // 如果组件类型变化,则移除掉原来组件,并渲染新的组件
  } else {

    if (c) {
      unmountComponent(c);
      oldDom = null;
    }

    c = createComponent(vnode.tag, vnode.attrs);

    setComponentProps(c, vnode.attrs);
    dom = c.base;

    if (oldDom && dom !== oldDom) {
      oldDom._component = null;
      removeNode(oldDom);
    }

  }
  return dom;
}

使用以下代码进行测试

import React from './react';
// end with react frame work
class Count extends React.Component {
  constructor() {
    super();
    this.state = {
      count: 0,
    }
    setInterval(()=>{
      this.setState({
        count: this.state.count+1,
      })
    }, 1000)
  }
  render() {
    return 
Text
Count: {this.state.count}
; } } const ReactDOM = { render: (vnode, container) => { container.innerHTML = ''; return React.render(vnode, container); }, }; const element = ; console.log(element); ReactDOM.render( element, document.getElementById('root'), );

原本的加载方式,不使用diff,而是每次更新state触发renderComponent时都是重新创建整个dom,base = _render(renderer),打开chrome可以看到,整个root都是重新挂载的:


image.png

我们把renderComponent里面base = _render(renderer)替换为上面的函数base = diff( component.base, renderer ):

function renderComponent(component) {

  let base;

  const renderer = component.render();

  if (component.base && component.componentWillUpdate) {
    component.componentWillUpdate();
  }
  console.log('component.base');
  console.log(component.base);
  console.log('renderer');
  console.log(JSON.stringify(renderer));
  //base = _render(renderer);
  base = diff(component.base, renderer);
  if (component.base) {
    if (component.componentDidUpdate) component.componentDidUpdate();
  } else if (component.componentDidMount) {
    component.componentDidMount();
  }

  //if (component.base && component.base.parentNode) {
  //  component.base.parentNode.replaceChild(base, component.base);
  //}

  component.base = base;
  base._component = component;

}

打开chrome可以看到接下来,只有text部分是重新更新的。


image.png

diff算法的核心就是同级比较,同index比较,并增加key进行优化,根据每次新的state,决定需要更新的那部分节点,实质上浏览器渲染的原理也是类似的。

最后一篇会说一下setState的优化,React中一次同步生命周期中其实setState只进行了一次,目的是减少人为的错误导致无效的渲染。
比如有人在onClick里面设置setState({count: this.state.count + 1}),之后在componentWillUpdate里面又使用一次setState({count: this.state.count + 1}),最终只会触发一次render更新。

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