PHP使用正则匹配提取字符串的身份证或者电话

目标诉求，从类似"我的身份证***,我的电话是******,请不要找我。"这样的字符串提取身份证和电话。找遍中英文网络，发现都是validate（验证）而不是extract（提取）。最后在PHP官方文档的正则说明中找到解答PHP: preg_match - Manual

先给解决办法

$string="我的身份证***,我的电话是******,请不要找我。";
$string = preg_replace('/\s+/', '', $string); //remove all whitespace including tabs and line ends

$patternForPhone = '/(?:\+?86)?1(?:3\d{3}|5[^4\D]\d{2}|8\d{3}|7(?:[235-8]\d{2}|4(?:0\d|1[0-2]|9\d))|9[0-35-9]\d{2}|66\d{2})\d{6}/'; //pattern for chinese mobile phone，移动电话（手机）的正则表达式

$patternForID = '/([1-6][1-9]|50)\d{4}(18|19|20)\d{2}((0[1-9])|10|11|12)(([0-2][1-9])|10|20|30|31)\d{3}[0-9Xx]/i'; //pattern for ID, 身份证的正则表达式

preg_match($patternForPhone, $string, $phones);
preg_match($patternForID, $string, $IDs);

var_dump($phones, $IDs);

再引用原文：元字符^ 和 $ 是产生只能验证而不能提取的根本原因。

Simple regex

Regex quick reference
[abc]     A single character: a, b or c
[^abc]     Any single character but a, b, or c
[a-z]     Any single character in the range a-z
[a-zA-Z]     Any single character in the range a-z or A-Z
^     Start of line
$     End of line   
\A     Start of string
\z     End of string
.     Any single character
\s     Any whitespace character
\S     Any non-whitespace character
\d     Any digit
\D     Any non-digit
\w     Any word character (letter, number, underscore)
\W     Any non-word character
\b     Any word boundary character
(...)     Capture everything enclosed
(a|b)     a or b
a?     Zero or one of a
a*     Zero or more of a
a+     One or more of a
a{3}     Exactly 3 of a
a{3,}     3 or more of a
a{3,6}     Between 3 and 6 of a

options: i case insensitive m make dot match newlines x ignore whitespace in regex o perform #{...} substitutions only once