Django_day03

Django

一、一对一关系(在任意一方添加)

1.创建新表:

class StudentInfo(models.Model):
    tel = models.CharField(max_length=11, null=True, unique=True, verbose_name='手机号')
    address = models.CharField(max_length=50, null=True, verbose_name='住址')

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'student_info'

2.在Student2中添加一对一关系

class Student2(models.Model):
    s_name = models.CharField(max_length=10, unique=True, verbose_name='姓名')
    s_age = models.IntegerField(default=19, verbose_name='年龄')
    s_sex = models.BooleanField(default=1, verbose_name='性别')
    create_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, verbose_name='创建时间')
    operate_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True, verbose_name='操作时间')
    math = models.DecimalField(max_digits=4, decimal_places=2, null=True)
    chinese = models.DecimalField(max_digits=4, decimal_places=2, null=True)

    # 一对一关系
    stu_info = models.OneToOneField(StudentInfo, null=True, related_name='stu')

stu_info是StudentInfo的别称,stu是Student2的别称,null=True表示外键可以为空。

3.向studentinfo表中插入数据

def create_stu_info(request):
    if request.method == 'GET':
        data = {
            '18200384770': '金牛区',
            '18200384771': '金牛区',
            '18200384772': '金牛区',
            '18200384773': '金牛区',
            '18200384774': '金牛区',
        }
        for k, v in data.items():
            StudentInfo.objects.create(tel=k, address=v)
        return HttpResponse('创建副表')
    if request.method == 'POST':
        pass

4.关联表

def stu_add_stuinfo(request):
    if request.method == 'GET':
        # 给id为2的学生添加拓展表中id=2的信息,
        # stu = Student2.objects.get(id=2)
        # stu.stu_info_id = 2
        # stu.save()
        # 方法二
        stu = Student2.objects.get(id=6)
        stu.stu_info = StudentInfo.objects.get(id=1)
        stu.save()
        return HttpResponse('绑定学生和拓展表的关系')

stu是学生对象,stu.stu_info = StudentInfo.objects.get(id=1)表示把id=6的学生和id=1的信息关联起来。

5.查询

def sel_tel_by_stu(request):
    if request.method == 'GET':
        # 获取id为2的学生的手机号
        # 方法一
        # stu = Student2.objects.filter(id=2).first()
        # info_id = stu.stu_info_id
        # stu_info = StudentInfo.objects.get(pk=info_id)
        # 方法二
        # stu = Student2.objects.get(id=2)
        # stu_info = stu.stu_info
        # tel = stu_info.tel
        # print(tel)
        # 方法三
        stu = Student2.objects.get(id=2)
        print(stu.stu_info.tel)

        return HttpResponse('通过学生查找手机号')

反之

def sel_stu_by_tel(request):
    if request.method == 'GET':
        # 通过手机号查找学生
        stu_info = StudentInfo.objects.get(tel='18200384770')
        print(stu_info.stu.s_name)

        return HttpResponse('通过手机号查找学生')

二、一对多关系

1.创建表

class Grade(models.Model):
    g_name = models.CharField(max_length=10, unique=True, verbose_name='班级名称')

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'grade'

2.添加一对多关系(在多的一方添加)

# 多对一关系
    g = models.ForeignKey(Grade, null=True, related_name='stu')

3.插入数据

def create_grade(request):
    if request.method == 'GET':
        g = Grade()
        g.g_name = 'RTX2080'
        g.save()

        return HttpResponse('创建班级')

4.添加关系(和一对一相同)
5.查询

def sel_stu_by_grade(request):
    if request.method == 'GET':
        # 查询python1805的学生,获取姓名
        g = Grade.objects.get(g_name='python1805')
        stus_names = g.stu.values('s_name')
        print(stus_names)

        stu = Student2.objects.filter(s_name='jerry').first()
        grade = stu.g.g_name
        print(grade)

        return HttpResponse('根据班级查找学生')

三、多对多关系

1.创建表

class Course(models.Model):
    c_name = models.CharField(max_length=10, null=True)

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'course'

2.添加多对多关系(在任意一方添加)

# 多对多关系
    c = models.ManyToManyField(Course, null=True)

3.插入数据

def create_course(request):
    if request.method == 'GET':
        c = Course()
        c.c_name = 'python'
        c.save()

        return HttpResponse('创建课程')

4.添加关系

def create_stu_course(request):
    if request.method == 'GET':
        # 让jerry选择课程(python)
        # stu = Student2.objects.get(s_name='jerry')
        # 添加add方法
        # stu.c.add(1)

        # 添加java和id=4的学生的关联关系
        c = Course.objects.get(c_name='java')
        c.student2_set.add(4)

        return HttpResponse('创建学生课程关联')

5.查询

def del_stu_course(request):
    if request.method == 'GET':
        # 删除关联
        c = Course.objects.get(c_name='java')
        c.student2_set.remove(4)

        return HttpResponse('删除学生课程关联')

总结:
class C:
aOneToOneFieLd(A)
b = ForeignKey(B)
d = Many ToManyFiLed(D)

1.有c对象,分别去查A, B, D的信息
C=C()
查询a对象信息: c.a
查询b对象信息: c.b.all()
查询d对象信息: c.d.filter().aLL()

2.反向查询。已知a, b, d对象查询c对象信息
通过a查询c对象信息: a.c
通过b查询c对象信息: b.c_ set.filter().alL()
通过d查询c对象信息: d.c_ set.all()

3.中间表加数据
c.d.add(d_ id)
c. d. remove(d id)

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