Mybatis一对多以及多对一
场景：
多个学生对应一个老师
如果对于学生这边，就是一个多对一的现象，即从学生这边关联一个老师！
数据库设计
CREATE TABLE `teacher` (
`id` INT(10) NOT NULL,
`name` VARCHAR(30) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
INSERT INTO teacher(`id`, `name`) VALUES (1, '秦老师');
CREATE TABLE `student` (
`id` INT(10) NOT NULL,
`name` VARCHAR(30) DEFAULT NULL,
`tid` INT(10) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `fktid` (`tid`),
CONSTRAINT `fktid` FOREIGN KEY (`tid`) REFERENCES `teacher` (`id`)
) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES ('1', '小明', '1');
INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES ('2', '小红', '1');
INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES ('3', '小张', '1');
INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES ('4', '小李', '1');
INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES ('5', '小王', '1');
Lombok使用
1、IDEA安装Lombok插件
2、引入Maven依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombokgroupId>
<artifactId>lombokartifactId>
<version>1.16.10version>
dependency>
3、在代码中增加注解
@Data //GET,SET,ToString，有参，无参构造
public class Teacher {
private int id;
private String name;
}
@Data
public class Student {
private int id;
private String name;
//多个学生可以是同一个老师，即多对一
private Teacher teacher;
}
4、编写实体类对应的Mapper接口 【两个】
public interface StudentMapper {
}
public interface TeacherMapper {
}
5、编写Mapper接口对应的 mapper.xml配置文件 【两个】
DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.kuang.mapper.StudentMapper">
mapper>
DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.kuang.mapper.TeacherMapper">
mapper>
按查询嵌套处理
- 给StudentMapper接口增加方法
//获取所有学生及对应老师的信息
public List<Student> getStudents();
- 编写对应的Mapper文件
```xml
DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.kuang.mapper.StudentMapper">
<select id="getStudents" resultMap="StudentTeacher">
select * from student
select>
<resultMap id="StudentTeacher" type="Student">
<association property="teacher" column="tid" javaType="Teacher" select="getTeacher"/>
resultMap>
<select id="getTeacher" resultType="teacher">
select * from teacher where id = #{id}
select>
mapper>
- 编写完毕去Mybatis配置文件中，注册Mapper！
- 注意点说明：
<resultMap id="StudentTeacher" type="Student">
<association property="teacher" column="{id=tid,name=tid}" javaType="Teacher" select="getTeacher"/>
resultMap>
<select id="getTeacher" resultType="teacher">
select * from teacher where id = #{id} and name = #{name}
select>
- 测试
@Test
public void testGetStudents(){
SqlSession session = MybatisUtils.getSession();
StudentMapper mapper = session.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);
List<Student> students = mapper.getStudents();
for (Student student : students){
System.out.println(
"学生名:"+ student.getName()
+"\t老师:"+student.getTeacher().getName());
}
}
按结果嵌套处理
- 接口方法编写
public List<Student> getStudents2();
- 编写对应的mapper文件
<select id="getStudents2" resultMap="StudentTeacher2" >
select s.id sid, s.name sname , t.name tname
from student s,teacher t
where s.tid = t.id
select>
<resultMap id="StudentTeacher2" type="Student">
<id property="id" column="sid"/>
<result property="name" column="sname"/>
<association property="teacher" javaType="Teacher">
<result property="name" column="tname"/>
association>
resultMap>
- 去mybatis-config文件中注入
- 测试
@Test
public void testGetStudents2(){
SqlSession session = MybatisUtils.getSession();
StudentMapper mapper = session.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);
List<Student> students = mapper.getStudents2();
for (Student student : students){
System.out.println(
"学生名:"+ student.getName()
+"\t老师:"+student.getTeacher().getName());
}
}
小结
按照查询进行嵌套处理就像SQL中的子查询
按照结果进行嵌套处理就像SQL中的联表查询
一对多
一个老师拥有多个学生
如果对于老师这边，就是一个一对多的现象，即从一个老师下面拥有一群学生（集合）！
实体类编写
@Data
public class Student {
private int id;
private String name;
private int tid;
}
@Data
public class Teacher {
private int id;
private String name;
//一个老师多个学生
private List<Student> students;
}
按结果嵌套处理
1、TeacherMapper接口编写方法
//获取指定老师，及老师下的所有学生
public Teacher getTeacher(int id);
2、编写接口对应的Mapper配置文件
<mapper namespace="com.kuang.mapper.TeacherMapper">
<select id="getTeacher" resultMap="TeacherStudent">
select s.id sid, s.name sname , t.name tname, t.id tid
from student s,teacher t
where s.tid = t.id and t.id=#{id}
select>
<resultMap id="TeacherStudent" type="Teacher">
<result property="name" column="tname"/>
<collection property="students" ofType="Student">
<result property="id" column="sid" />
<result property="name" column="sname" />
<result property="tid" column="tid" />
collection>
resultMap>
mapper>
3、将Mapper文件注册到MyBatis-config文件中
<mappers>
<mapper resource="mapper/TeacherMapper.xml"/>
mappers>
4、测试
@Test
public void testGetTeacher(){
SqlSession session = MybatisUtils.getSession();
TeacherMapper mapper = session.getMapper(TeacherMapper.class);
Teacher teacher = mapper.getTeacher(1);
System.out.println(teacher.getName());
System.out.println(teacher.getStudents());
}
按查询嵌套处理
1、TeacherMapper接口编写方法
public Teacher getTeacher2(int id);
2、编写接口对应的Mapper配置文件
<select id="getTeacher2" resultMap="TeacherStudent2">
select * from teacher where id = #{id}
select>
<resultMap id="TeacherStudent2" type="Teacher">
<collection property="students" javaType="ArrayList" ofType="Student" column="id" select="getStudentByTeacherId"/>
resultMap>
<select id="getStudentByTeacherId" resultType="Student">
select * from student where tid = #{id}
select>
3、将Mapper文件注册到MyBatis-config文件中
4、测试
@Test
public void testGetTeacher2(){
SqlSession session = MybatisUtils.getSession();
TeacherMapper mapper = session.getMapper(TeacherMapper.class);
Teacher teacher = mapper.getTeacher2(1);
System.out.println(teacher.getName());
System.out.println(teacher.getStudents());
}
小结
1、关联-association
2、集合-collection
3、所以association是用于一对一和多对一，而collection是用于一对多的关系
4、JavaType和ofType都是用来指定对象类型的
JavaType是用来指定pojo中属性的类型
ofType指定的是映射到list集合属性中pojo的类型。
注意说明：
1、保证SQL的可读性，尽量通俗易懂
2、根据实际要求，尽量编写性能更高的SQL语句
3、注意属性名和字段不一致的问题
4、注意一对多和多对一 中：字段和属性对应的问题
5、尽量使用Log4j，通过日志来查看自己的错误