前言
Replace 的作用就是,通过指定内容的替换,返回一个新字符串。
返回值中,已将当前字符串中的指定 Unicode 字符或 String 的 所有匹配项,替换为指定的新的 Unicode 字符或 String。
一、String.Replace() 的几个重载
String.Replace() 总共有四个重载,分别是:(详见官网:String.Replace 方法)
- Replace(Char, Char)、
- Replace(String, String)、
- Replace(String, String, StringComparison)、
- Replace(String, String, Boolean, CultureInfo)。
下面来逐个简单介绍下。
1、Replace(Char, Char)
// 作用: // 将实例中出现的所有指定 Unicode 字符都替换为另一个指定的 Unicode 字符。 // 语法: public string Replace (char oldChar, char newChar);
代码示例:
String str = "1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9"; Console.WriteLine($"Original string: {str}"); Console.WriteLine($"CSV string: {str.Replace(' ', ',')}"); // 输出结果: // Original string: "1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9" // CSV string: "1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9"
现在补充一下关于 Char 类型:
char 类型关键字是 .NET System.Char 结构类型的别名,它表示 Unicode UTF-16 字符。
类型 | 范围 | 大小 | .NET 类型 | 默认值 |
char | U+0000 到 U+FFFF | 16 位 | System.Char | \0 即 U+0000 |
// 给 Char 类型的变量赋值可以通过多重方式,如下: var chars = new[] { 'j', //字符文本 '\u006A', //Unicode 转义序列,它是 \u 后跟字符代码的十六进制表示形式(四个符号) '\x006A', //十六进制转义序列,它是 \x 后跟字符代码的十六进制表示形式 (char)106, //将字符代码的值转换为相应的 char 值 }; Console.WriteLine(string.Join(" ", chars)); // 输出的值相同: j j j j
char 类型可隐式转换为以下整型类型:ushort、int、uint、long 和 ulong。
也可以隐式转换为内置浮点数值类型:float、double 和 decimal。
可以显式转换为 sbyte、byte 和 short 整型类型。
2、String.Replace(String, String)
// 作用: // 实例中出现的所有指定字符串都替换为另一个指定的字符串 // 语法: public string Replace (char oldString, char newString);
示例:
// 目的:将错误的单词更正 string errString = "This docment uses 3 other docments to docment the docmentation"; Console.WriteLine($"The original string is:{Environment.NewLine}'{errString}'{Environment.NewLine}"); // 正确的拼写应该为 "document" string correctString = errString.Replace("docment", "document"); Console.WriteLine($"After correcting the string, the result is:{Environment.NewLine}'{correctString}'"); // 输出结果: // The original string is: // 'This docment uses 3 other docments to docment the docmentation' // // After correcting the string, the result is: // 'This document uses 3 other documents to document the documentation' //
另一个示例:
// 可进行连续多次替换操作 String s = "aaa"; Console.WriteLine($"The initial string: '{s}'"); s = s.Replace("a", "b").Replace("b", "c").Replace("c", "d"); Console.WriteLine($"The final string: '{s}'"); // 如果 newString 为 null,则将 oldString 的匹配项全部删掉 s = s.Replace("dd", null); Console.WriteLine($"The new string: '{s}'"); // 输出结果: //The initial string: 'aaa' //The final string: 'ddd' //The new string: 'd'
3、Replace(String, String, StringComparison)
相较于上一个重载,新增了一个入参枚举类型 StringComparison(详见官网:StringComparison 枚举)。作用是:指定供 Compare(String, String) 和 Equals(Object) 方法的特定重载,使用的区域性、大小写和排序规则。
相关源代码如下,可以看出,不同的 StringComparison 参数值对应的操作不同,最主要的区别就是是否添加参数 CultureInfo。
public string Replace(string oldValue, string? newValue, StringComparison comparisonType) { switch (comparisonType) { case StringComparison.CurrentCulture: case StringComparison.CurrentCultureIgnoreCase: return ReplaceCore(oldValue, newValue, CultureInfo.CurrentCulture.CompareInfo, GetCaseCompareOfComparisonCulture(comparisonType)); case StringComparison.InvariantCulture: case StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase: return ReplaceCore(oldValue, newValue, CompareInfo.Invariant, GetCaseCompareOfComparisonCulture(comparisonType)); case StringComparison.Ordinal: return Replace(oldValue, newValue); case StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase: return ReplaceCore(oldValue, newValue, CompareInfo.Invariant, CompareOptions.OrdinalIgnoreCase); default: throw new ArgumentException(SR.NotSupported_StringComparison, "comparisonType"); } }
关于不同区域的不同 CultureInfo 实例,程序运行结果的区别,见下面的示例:
// 以下示例为三种语言("zh-CN", "th-TH", "tr-TR")不同枚举值的测试代码和输出结果: String[] cultureNames = { "zh-CN", "th-TH", "tr-TR" }; // 中国 泰国 土耳其 String[] strings1 = { "a", "i", "case", }; String[] strings2 = { "a-", "\u0130", "Case" }; StringComparison[] comparisons = (StringComparison[])Enum.GetValues(typeof(StringComparison)); foreach (var cultureName in cultureNames) { Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = CultureInfo.CreateSpecificCulture(cultureName); Console.WriteLine("Current Culture: {0}", CultureInfo.CurrentCulture.Name); for (int ctr = 0; ctr <= strings1.GetUpperBound(0); ctr++) { foreach (var comparison in comparisons) Console.WriteLine(" {0} = {1} ({2}): {3}", strings1[ctr], strings2[ctr], comparison, String.Equals(strings1[ctr], strings2[ctr], comparison)); Console.WriteLine(); } Console.WriteLine(); } // 输出结果: // Current Culture: zh-CN // a = a- (CurrentCulture): False //-----注意------ // a = a- (CurrentCultureIgnoreCase): False //-----注意------ // a = a- (InvariantCulture): False // a = a- (InvariantCultureIgnoreCase): False // a = a- (Ordinal): False // a = a- (OrdinalIgnoreCase): False // // i = İ (CurrentCulture): False // i = İ (CurrentCultureIgnoreCase): False //-----注意------ // i = İ (InvariantCulture): False // i = İ (InvariantCultureIgnoreCase): False // i = İ (Ordinal): False // i = İ (OrdinalIgnoreCase): False // // case = Case (CurrentCulture): False // case = Case (CurrentCultureIgnoreCase): True // case = Case (InvariantCulture): False // case = Case (InvariantCultureIgnoreCase): True // case = Case (Ordinal): False // case = Case (OrdinalIgnoreCase): True // // // Current Culture: th-TH // a = a- (CurrentCulture): True //-----注意------ // a = a- (CurrentCultureIgnoreCase): True //-----注意------ // a = a- (InvariantCulture): False // a = a- (InvariantCultureIgnoreCase): False // a = a- (Ordinal): False // a = a- (OrdinalIgnoreCase): False // // i = İ (CurrentCulture): False // i = İ (CurrentCultureIgnoreCase): False // i = İ (InvariantCulture): False // i = İ (InvariantCultureIgnoreCase): False // i = İ (Ordinal): False // i = İ (OrdinalIgnoreCase): False // // case = Case (CurrentCulture): False // case = Case (CurrentCultureIgnoreCase): True // case = Case (InvariantCulture): False // case = Case (InvariantCultureIgnoreCase): True // case = Case (Ordinal): False // case = Case (OrdinalIgnoreCase): True // // // Current Culture: tr-TR // a = a- (CurrentCulture): False // a = a- (CurrentCultureIgnoreCase): False // a = a- (InvariantCulture): False // a = a- (InvariantCultureIgnoreCase): False // a = a- (Ordinal): False // a = a- (OrdinalIgnoreCase): False // // i = İ (CurrentCulture): False // i = İ (CurrentCultureIgnoreCase): True //-----注意------ // i = İ (InvariantCulture): False // i = İ (InvariantCultureIgnoreCase): False // i = İ (Ordinal): False // i = İ (OrdinalIgnoreCase): False // // case = Case (CurrentCulture): False // case = Case (CurrentCultureIgnoreCase): True // case = Case (InvariantCulture): False // case = Case (InvariantCultureIgnoreCase): True // case = Case (Ordinal): False // case = Case (OrdinalIgnoreCase): True
4、Replace(String, String, Boolean, CultureInfo)
此重载主要介绍下后两个入参。
Boolean:布尔类型入参,默认 false。true:忽略大小写;false:区分大小写。
CultureInfo:指定代码的区域性,允许为 null,但必须站位。为空时取当前区域(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture.CompareInfo)。
注:关于 CultureInfo 的详细测试示例,详见上一部分中的折叠代码。
以下是当前重载的部分源码:
public string Replace(string oldValue, string? newValue, bool ignoreCase, CultureInfo? culture) { return ReplaceCore(oldValue, newValue, culture?.CompareInfo, ignoreCase ? CompareOptions.IgnoreCase : CompareOptions.None); } private string ReplaceCore(string oldValue, string newValue, CompareInfo ci, CompareOptions options) { if ((object)oldValue == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("oldValue"); } if (oldValue.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentException(SR.Argument_StringZeroLength, "oldValue"); } return ReplaceCore(this, oldValue.AsSpan(), newValue.AsSpan(), ci ?? CultureInfo.CurrentCulture.CompareInfo, options) ?? this; } private static string ReplaceCore(ReadOnlySpansearchSpace, ReadOnlySpan oldValue, ReadOnlySpan newValue, CompareInfo compareInfo, CompareOptions options) { Span initialBuffer = stackalloc char[256]; ValueStringBuilder valueStringBuilder = new ValueStringBuilder(initialBuffer); valueStringBuilder.EnsureCapacity(searchSpace.Length); bool flag = false; while (true) { int matchLength; int num = compareInfo.IndexOf(searchSpace, oldValue, options, out matchLength); if (num < 0 || matchLength == 0) { break; } valueStringBuilder.Append(searchSpace.Slice(0, num)); valueStringBuilder.Append(newValue); searchSpace = searchSpace.Slice(num + matchLength); flag = true; } if (!flag) { valueStringBuilder.Dispose(); return null; } valueStringBuilder.Append(searchSpace); return valueStringBuilder.ToString(); }
二、Regex.Replace() 的几个常用重载
1、Replace(String, String)
在指定的输入字符串(input)内,使用指定的替换字符串(replacement),替换与某个正则表达式模式(需要在实例化 Regex 对象时,将正则表达式传入)匹配的所有的字符串。
// 语法 public string Replace (string input, string replacement);
下面是一个简单的示例:
// 目的是将多余的空格去掉 string input = "This is text with far too much white space."; string pattern = "\\s+"; // \s:匹配任何空白字符;+:匹配一次或多次 string replacement = " "; Regex rgx = new Regex(pattern); // 实例化时传入正则表达式 string result = rgx.Replace(input, replacement); Console.WriteLine("Original String: {0}", input); Console.WriteLine("Replacement String: {0}", result); // 输出结果: // Original String: This is text with far too much white space. // Replacement String: This is text with far too much white space.
2、Replace(String, String, String)
在指定的输入字符串内(input),使用指定的替换字符串(replacement)替换与指定正则表达式(pattern)匹配的所有字符串。
// 语法: public static string Replace (string input, string pattern, string replacement);
// 目的:将多余的空格去掉 string input = "This is text with far too much white space."; string pattern = "\\s+"; // 注:\s 匹配任何空白字符,包括空格、制表符、换页符等 // 注:+ 重复一次或多次 string replacement = " "; // 将连续出现的多个空格,替换为一个 string result = Regex.Replace(input, pattern, replacement); Console.WriteLine("Original String: {0}", input); Console.WriteLine("Replacement String: {0}", result); // 输出结果: //Original String: This is text with far too much white space. //Replacement String: This is text with far too much white space.
3、Replace(String, String, Int32, Int32)
在指定输入子字符串(input)内,使用指定替换字符串(replacement)替换与某个正则表达式模式匹配的字符串(其数目为指定的最大数目)。startat 是匹配开始的位置。
// 语法: public string Replace (string input, string replacement, int count, int startat);
下面是一个示例:
// 目的:添加双倍行距 string input = "Instantiating a New Type\n" + "Generally, there are two ways that an\n" + "instance of a class or structure can\n" + "be instantiated. "; Console.WriteLine("原内容:"); Console.WriteLine(input); // .:匹配除‘\n'之外的任何单个字符;*:匹配零次或多次 string pattern = "^.*$"; // ^.*$ 在这里就是匹配每一行中‘\n'前边的字符串 string replacement = "\n$&"; // 在匹配项前添加‘\n';$&:代表匹配内容 Regex rgx = new Regex(pattern, RegexOptions.Multiline); // Multiline:多行模式,不仅仅在整个字符串的开头和结尾匹配 string result = string.Empty; Match match = rgx.Match(input); // 判断能否匹配 if (match.Success) result = rgx.Replace(input, replacement, -1, // >= 0 时,就是匹配具体次数,= -1 时就是不限制次数 match.Index + match.Length + 1 // 作用就是跳过第一个匹配项(第一行不做处理) // 当第一次匹配时:Index=0,length=除了‘\n'之外的长度,最后再 +1 就是第一行全部的内容 ); Console.WriteLine("结果内容:"); Console.WriteLine(result); // 输出结果: // 原内容: // Instantiating a New Type // Generally, there are two ways that an // instance of a class or structure can // be instantiated. // 结果内容: // Instantiating a New Type // // Generally, there are two ways that an // // instance of a class or structure can // // be instantiated.
4、Replace(String, String, MatchEvaluator, RegexOptions, TimeSpan)
在入参字符串(input)中,进行正则表达式(pattern)的匹配,匹配成功的,传递给 MatchEvaluator 委托(evaluator)处理完成后,替换原匹配值。
RegexOptions 为匹配操作配置项(关于 RegexOptions 详见官网:RegexOptions 枚举),TimeSpan 为超时时间间隔。
public static string Replace (string input, string pattern, System.Text.RegularExpressions.MatchEvaluator evaluator, System.Text.RegularExpressions.RegexOptions options, TimeSpan matchTimeout);
下面是一个示例:
// 目的:将输入的每个单词中的字母顺序随机打乱,再一起输出 static void Main(string[] args) { string words = "letter alphabetical missing lack release " + "penchant slack acryllic laundry cease"; string pattern = @"\w+ # Matches all the characters in a word."; MatchEvaluator evaluator = new MatchEvaluator(WordScrambler); // WordScrambler:回调函数 Console.WriteLine("Original words:"); Console.WriteLine(words); Console.WriteLine(); try { Console.WriteLine("Scrambled words:"); Console.WriteLine(Regex.Replace(words, pattern, evaluator, RegexOptions.IgnorePatternWhitespace, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2))); } catch (RegexMatchTimeoutException) { Console.WriteLine("Word Scramble operation timed out."); Console.WriteLine("Returned words:"); } } ////// 回调:对全部匹配项逐一进行操作 /// /// ///public static string WordScrambler(Match match) { int arraySize = match.Value.Length; double[] keys = new double[arraySize]; // 存放随机数 char[] letters = new char[arraySize]; // 存放字母 Random rnd = new Random(); for (int ctr = 0; ctr < match.Value.Length; ctr++) { keys[ctr] = rnd.NextDouble(); // 生成随机数,用于重新排序 letters[ctr] = match.Value[ctr]; // 将输入参单词数拆解为字母数组 } Array.Sort(keys, letters, 0, arraySize, Comparer.Default); // 重新根据随机数大小排序 return new String(letters); } // 输出结果: // Original words: // letter alphabetical missing lack release penchant slack acryllic laundry cease // // Scrambled words: // eltetr aeplbtaiaclh ignisms lkac elsaree nchetapn acksl lcyaricl udarnly casee
三、关于 Replace 的实际需求简单示例
1、全部替换匹配项
string input = "Instantiating Instantiating Instantiating Instantiating"; Console.WriteLine("----原内容----"); Console.WriteLine(input); string result = input.Replace("tiating","*******"); Console.WriteLine("----结果内容----"); Console.WriteLine(result); // ----原内容---- // Instantiating Instantiating Instantiating Instantiating // ----结果内容---- // Instan******* Instan******* Instan******* Instan*******
2、仅替换第一个匹配项
string input = "Instantiating Instantiating Instantiating Instantiating"; Console.WriteLine("----原内容----"); Console.WriteLine(input); Regex regex = new Regex("tiating"); string result = regex.Replace(input, "*******",1); Console.WriteLine("----结果内容----"); Console.WriteLine(result); // ----原内容---- // Instantiating Instantiating Instantiating Instantiating // ----结果内容---- // Instan******* Instantiating Instantiating Instantiating
3、仅替换最后一个匹配项
string input = "Instantiating Instantiating Instantiating Instantiating"; Console.WriteLine("----原内容----"); Console.WriteLine(input); Match match = Regex.Match(input, "tiating",RegexOptions.RightToLeft); string first = input.Substring(0, match.Index); string last = input.Length == first.Length + match.Length ? "" : input.Substring(first.Length + match.Length,input.Length-(first.Length + match.Length)); string result = $"{first}*******{last}"; Console.WriteLine("----结果内容----"); Console.WriteLine(result); // 两次测试结果: // ----原内容---- // Instantiating Instantiating Instantiating Instantiating 345 // ----结果内容---- // Instantiating Instantiating Instantiating Instan******* 345 // ----原内容---- // Instantiating Instantiating Instantiating Instantiating // ----结果内容---- // Instantiating Instantiating Instantiating Instan*******
参考:String.Replace 方法
Regex.Replace 方法
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