课前想一想
1.你觉得针对癌症的筛查是必要的吗?
2.“过度诊断”到底会造成多么严重的后果?
3.“副作用”应该用哪个词组来表达?
词汇装备库
1.brood/bru:d/(v.)忧思,担扰
2.frankly/fraenkli/(adv.)坦率地,坦诚地
3.statin/'staetn/(n.)他汀类药物,抑制素(可降低血液中的胆固醇含量)
4.troublesome/'trablsem/(adj.)讨厌的;麻烦的,棘手的
5.gruesome/'gru:som/(adj.)(通常用来描述死亡或者伤害)令人厌恶的,恐怖的,可怕的
6.dire/'darer/(adj.)严重的;危急的;很坏的
7.reassuring/ri:e'furin/(adj.)令人感到宽慰的;使人安心的;使人放心的
8.mortality/mo:r'taeleti/(n.)死亡数量,死亡率
the mortality rate死亡率
9.reduction/ri'dakjn/(n.)减少;减小;降低
10.skeptical/'skeptikl/(adj.)怀疑的,持怀疑态度的(英式英语中写作sceptical)
*后面常跟介词of/about
I am quite skeptical of your love.我很怀疑你对我的爱。
词句兵工厂
So, has the test given me a warning in time, or has it just created unnecessary anxiety?
这个检查是及时地给我了一个警告,还是只给我带来了不必要的焦虑呢?
Note:
1.warning/wo:rnin/(n.)警告;告诫;提醒
2. in time及时*与on time的区别:两个短语都有按时、准时的意思,in time一般表示动作在时
门间段内或提前发生,而on time则强调准时、按时。
When he was hungry, I sent the bread to him in time.他饿时,我及时送了面包给他。
The train came in on time.火车准时进站。
3.unnecessary/An'neseseri/(adj.)不必要的;多余的
unnecessary expense 不必要的花费
We need to save money and cut out all unnecessar expenses.
我们需要省钱,削减所有不必要的开支。
4.anxiety/aen'zareti/(n.)焦虑,不安,担心
Waiting for exam results is a time of great anxiety. 等待考试结果是一个非常焦虑的时刻。
Her daughter is a source of considerable anxiety.她的女儿总让她很放心不下。
词句兵工厂
Lovely, breathe away, well done.不错,呼气,很好。
Note:
1.lovely/'lavli/(adj.)快乐的;友善的;漂亮的(n.)美人,漂亮的东西
*相当于That's great/Cool/Brilliant/Ex-cellent/Awesome
2.breathe/bri:/(v.)呼吸
*注意区分:breath是名词,表示呼吸的空气,气息
breathe away呼气(相当于exhale)
breathe in吸气(相当于inhale)
3.well done做得好,干得漂亮
Well done and congratulations! 干得漂亮,恭喜你!
-Daddy!I came second in history.-爸爸!我历史考了第二名。
-Well done,sweetheart! -太棒了,我的宝贝儿!
词句兵工厂
When a suspected cancer is discovered by screening, it will be confirmed by studying a biopsy,a sample of tissue taken from the patient.
如果筛查出疑似肿瘤,则需做活检加以确认,会从病人身上取出组织样本。
Note:
1.suspected/se'spektid/(adj.)有嫌疑的,疑似......的
He was taken to hospital after a suspected heart attack.他疑似心脏病发作,被送进了医院。
2.screening/'skri:nin/(n.)测试;检查;检验(后面通常跟介词for)
screening for cervical cancer 对宫颈癌的筛查
3.confirm/ken'f3:rm/(v.)确认,确定;证实*后面可直接加something或that从句
Has everyone confirmed (that) she's coming? 大家都确认她要来了吗?
4.biopsy/'bara:psi/(n.)活组织检查(简称“活检”,指从患者体内取出病变组织,进行病理学检查的技术)
5.sample/'saempl/(n.)样品;样本
6.tissue/tru:/(n.)纸巾;(动物或植物的细胞)组织,人体组织
muscle tissue肌肉组织
fat tissue脂肪组织
词句兵工厂
Many men receive surgery that is not only unnecessary, but has devastating side effects.
很多男性接受了不仅不必要,反而极具毁灭性副作用的手术。
Note:
1.receive/rr'si:v/(v.)得到;收到;受到
2.surgery/'s3:rdgeri/(n.)外科手术
receive/have/undergo surgery接受手术
The patient had/underwent surgery on his heart. 这位病人接受了心脏外科手术。
3.devastating/'devestertin/ (adj.)毁灭性的,破坏性极大的
devastating consequences/effects 极其严重的后果
Pesticides have had a devastating effect on the environment.
杀虫剂对环境造成了毁灭性的影响。
4.side effect 副作用
Does this drug have any side effects? 这种药有什么副作用吗?
语法轻知识
反义疑问句的用法
The usage of disjunctive questions
Marker sentence :
Blimey, that's dire, isn't it? 天啊,这很可怕,是不是?
反义疑问句是由一个陈述句和一个附加在后面的疑问句组成,附加的疑问句是对陈述句所说的事实提出疑问,一般是用来证实某个事实或观点。
1.陈述部分主、谓语是l am...时,反意疑问句用aren't I或ain't I
I'm as clever as him, aren't I/ain't I?我和他一样聪明,不是吗?
2.当陈述部分含有few,little,never,not,no one, nothing等含有否定意义的词时,其反意疑问句需用肯定结构
They never went to school late, did they?他们上学从没迟到过,是不是?
3.当陈述部分含I think/believe/suppose等结构时,其反意疑问句须与从句的主、谓语保持一致
I don't believe that he will come to comfort me , will he ? 我相信他不会来安慰我,是吗?
4.陈述部分是there be句型时,其反意疑问句中要用there
There is a cafeteria at the conor, isn't there?转角处有个咖啡厅,不是吗?
5.祈使句后一般加上will you或won't you 构成反意疑问句,用will you多表示“请求”,用won't you多表示提醒对方注意。
Look at your book, will you/won't you?看你的书,好吗?
6.当陈述部分含有情态动词must时,有两种情况:
(1)如果must表示“一定;必须”,反意疑问句须用mustn't或needn't
(2)当must表示推测,意义为“一定是;必定”,反意疑问句需根据must后的动词原形选用相应的形式。
She must study hard in high school mustn't she ?她在高中必须努力学习,不是吗?
He must be a detective, isn't he?也肯定是个侦探,不是吗?
实战练兵场
(2014年考研英语阅读理解Text1)
Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.
But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each day's events.
60. The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be ___.
[A] quite trustworthy [B] somewhat contradictory [C] very illuminating [D] rather superficial
解析:
superficial指仅在表面的,表层的;肤浅的,浅显的选段中第一段的意思是:该项目最终所
发现的原因大都是新闻报道中的事实错误,拼写或语法错误,以及许多关于读者到底想读些什么令人挠头的困惑。第二段开头的But表示转折,后面才是表达的重点。But the sources of dis-
trust go way deeper这句话是关键句,表示不信任的根源其实是更深层次的四个选项中,A选项quite trustworthy表示非常可信的;B选项somewhat contradictory表示有点矛盾的;C选项very
illuminating指非常有启发性的;D选项rather superficial,指相当肤浅的。只有D选项可以对应第二段的go way deeper。
【答案】D
文化加油站
Internal organs of the human body
1.Heart心脏
2.Lungs肺
3.Stomach胃
4.Liver肝
5.Bladder膀胱
6.Intestines肠
7.Appendix
9.Vein静脉
10.Artery动脉
主题打包盒
1.距离摩斯利的心脏扫描已经过去了两个星期,他对扫描仪发现的斑块一直有些担心。于是,他去拜访了一名心血管影像的专家,马克·德威克医生。德威克医生的话让摩斯利感到安心。医生说
很多像摩斯利这样年纪的人都有这种斑块,但大多数都不会有事。
2.这次亲身经历令摩斯利认为,对于已有心脏病的人或者高危人群来说,心脏扫描可能是有效的。但没有症状的人在检查前要好好思考:它会给你更有用的信息吗?它值得让你承受可能带来的焦
虑吗?
3.除了心脏病以外,癌症也十分可怕。那么,针对癌症的体检有用吗?尽管英国的乳腺癌筛查计划避免了大约1200名女性死于乳腺癌,但最大的问题是,活检无法完全区别有侵袭性的肿瘤和永远
不会给患者带来影响的肿瘤。这就导致了过度诊断。过度诊断造成的过度治疗是没有必要的,也给许多人带来了严重的伤害。