Truffle示例

一. 安装truffle

1.1 安装npm

brew install npm

1.2 安装truffle

npm install -g truffle

1.3 查看truffle版本

truffle version

 

二. 使用truffle创建项目 

2.1 truffle init初始化项目

创建项目文件夹，并初始化

mkdir truffle-demo
cd truffle-demo
truffle init
ls

看到目录结构

contracts/: 合约目录
migrations/:部署文件目录
test/: 测试文件目录
truffle-config.js: Truffle配置文件

这里只是看一下结构，这几个文件夹都是空的，我们删除这些文件，使用官方truffle boxes来创建一个示例项目

2.2 truffle unbox创建示例项目

注意，这里需要

truffle unbox metacoin ./

尴尬，并没有成功，看提示是墙的问题，但我开代理还是失败

只能围魏救赵，直接下载

找到metacoin box在github上的项目 GitHub - truffle-box/metacoin-box: MetaCoin smart contracts example box

git clone https://github.com/truffle-box/metacoin-box.git

将项目中文件复制进入之前的项目文件夹中（或者直接用这个也可以，我这里不想在git仓库里处理，所以直接原项目复制）

2.3 测试合约

truffle test

This version of µWS is not compatible with your Node.js build:

Error: Cannot find module './uws_darwin_x64_111.node'
Falling back to a NodeJS implementation; performance may be degraded.

Compiling your contracts...
===========================
> Compiling ./contracts/ConvertLib.sol-bin. Attempt #1
> Compiling ./contracts/MetaCoin.sol
> Compiling ./test/TestMetaCoin.sol
> Artifacts written to /var/folders/62/dyvwqt0j0cxg5fxl9hcl81600000gn/T/test--40394-LWbLWwA1cTLY
> Compiled successfully using:
   - solc: 0.8.13+commit.abaa5c0e.Emscripten.clang
⠼ Fetching solc version list from solc-bin. Attempt #1
✓ Downloading compiler. Attempt #1.
  TestMetaCoinc version list from solc-bin. Attempt #1
    ✔ testInitialBalanceUsingDeployedContract (66ms)#1
    ✔ testInitialBalanceWithNewMetaCoin (42ms)tempt #1
✓ Downloading compiler. Attempt #1.
  Contract: MetaCoin
    ✔ should put 10000 MetaCoin in the first account (62ms)
    ✔ should call a function that depends on a linked library (70ms)
    ✔ should send coin correctly (106ms)in. Attempt #1
⠇ Fetching solc version list from solc-bin. Attempt #1
✓ Downloading compiler. Attempt #1.
  5 passing (5s)

报错没查清楚原因

2.4 编译合约

truffle compile

Compiling your contracts...
===========================
> Compiling ./contracts/ConvertLib.sol
> Compiling ./contracts/MetaCoin.sol
> Artifacts written to ~/truffle-demo/build/contracts
> Compiled successfully using:
   - solc: 0.8.13+commit.abaa5c0e.Emscripten.clang

在新生成build文件夹中可以看到编译的abi文件

cd ./build/contracts
ls
# 显示:ConvertLib.json MetaCoin.json

2.5 启动truffle默认的区块链开发环境

truffle develop

Truffle Develop started at http://127.0.0.1:9545/

Accounts:
(0) 0x0be9e88a5173858fddf1579ae3672c62bdf729c7
(1) 0x187cad452783187499f30fe71a722ec604382ab1
(2) 0x8d02dea3e65d19861cd7823fb233b703dc422005
(3) 0xba2958c0c0543a429476a7385bdca179b964f03c
(4) 0xd1bf3035b30145931b4d3a6dd9ce70c6835e97db
(5) 0x8d39611b812f252a9e2bd6ba80a6716e9982188e
(6) 0xf029eb241e05107dabbafa87c5f3de6ea5a78137
(7) 0x7180703bc2d0826218044d3acb226e1d32b72348
(8) 0xf389dae15ec4c23b67e61b868edae2b20e04c1fc
(9) 0x66a7f7aec76a37779a1b0f40ea0ba8c00ee53acd

Private Keys:
(0) 769b84baf16a13725b8d00f82a4e6b35c5615ae59e89e6f34f9073c33f20da73
(1) 6559607a1ad976d6d13c99d30d30641e032cc2c6d59bcd36a96160ecb0285e6c
(2) a7acc3deab622447b328e4cb0f3a6ec410b2f40e88d8207ede552c1524ff33ec
(3) 9f9e8af62ce3fb54937c6f6c9ba4b41a67ba2515f176a3619ad461e0998da379
(4) 963c80601ea0be35f61f6d602f095986f5c88131ee17ee911085621427413c3e
(5) 92787155dfaf426c5724a288fdd891bc5fbc36d2e73bfcf5d31b5481729b2888
(6) ec7115af1c6d368f7f015ae05c7acd73403fff71b0ac4135f87b94e232e7e8ae
(7) 034bf1d52889c6d7e52ae731284f8bb1e6bad548ba87b323d3bcdc7de87b0857
(8) 6dbe0800023bab78454e22be16d5d5102c48a52ac4c7e861a1e64cc34e99783e
(9) 46eb1dfcc0bbb9ac9181eaafa62814c0e1c79cdd01c85541a2bbb60ce93b0694

Mnemonic: awesome select income genius logic farm feel injury consider next fault approve

⚠️  Important ⚠️  : This mnemonic was created for you by Truffle. It is not secure.
Ensure you do not use it on production blockchains, or else you risk losing funds.

truffle(develop)>

可以看到本地启动了一个测试环境，地址是http://127.0.0.1:9545/

此时已经进入truffle的develop命令行环境

2.6 部署合约

migrate

Compiling your contracts...
===========================
> Everything is up to date, there is nothing to compile.

Starting migrations...
======================
> Network name:    'develop'
> Network id:      5777
> Block gas limit: 6721975 (0x6691b7)

1_deploy_contracts.js
=====================

   Deploying 'ConvertLib'
   ----------------------
   > transaction hash:    0x7c1fbcf5ae619327c44662b65dc7165b5422967d42fe7b0be062d02ec56e2aab
   > Blocks: 0            Seconds: 0
   > contract address:    0x3d880418f8235A725ebd81F8139e4C81b2b283af
   > block number:        1
   > block timestamp:     1680180220
   > account:             0x0be9E88a5173858fDDf1579aE3672C62bDf729c7
   > balance:             99.999468208
   > gas used:            157568 (0x26780)
   > gas price:           3.375 gwei
   > value sent:          0 ETH
   > total cost:          0.000531792 ETH

   Linking
   -------
   * Contract: MetaCoin <--> Library: ConvertLib (at address: 0x3d880418f8235A725ebd81F8139e4C81b2b283af)

   Deploying 'MetaCoin'
   --------------------
   > transaction hash:    0x1e9060504eede232cfc7509fb64f01b4356ddb9f77afd4d7cf127847426dea12
   > Blocks: 0            Seconds: 0
   > contract address:    0xd137e1c1cc04D43C7518D702F1D59DAA46Fc9fc1
   > block number:        2
   > block timestamp:     1680180220
   > account:             0x0be9E88a5173858fDDf1579aE3672C62bDf729c7
   > balance:             99.998105632065943366
   > gas used:            416594 (0x65b52)
   > gas price:           3.270752661 gwei
   > value sent:          0 ETH
   > total cost:          0.001362575934056634 ETH

   > Saving artifacts
   -------------------------------------
   > Total cost:     0.001894367934056634 ETH

Summary
=======
> Total deployments:   2
> Final cost:          0.001894367934056634 ETH

2.7 修改配置文件

除了启动truffle自带的区块链实例，也可以启动ganache实例，并修改配置文件进行连接

相关内容将在下篇文章中讨论

打开truffle-config.js文件，修改如下内容

module.exports = {
  networks: {
    development: {
      host: "127.0.0.1",
      port: 7545,
      network_id: "*"
    }
  }
};

端口是你自己启动的端口

truffle migrate

部署合约到配置的网路

truffle console

会进入与区块链的交互，与2.6中相同

交互命令：

• Begin by establishing both the deployed MetaCoin contract instance and the accounts created by either Truffle's built-in blockchain or Ganache:

truffle(development)> let instance = await MetaCoin.deployed()
truffle(development)> let accounts = await web3.eth.getAccounts()

• Check the metacoin balance of the account that deployed the contract:

truffle(development)> let balance = await instance.getBalance(accounts[0])
truffle(development)> balance.toNumber()

• See how much ether that balance is worth (and note that the contract defines a metacoin to be worth 2 ether):

truffle(development)> let ether = await instance.getBalanceInEth(accounts[0])
truffle(development)> ether.toNumber()

• Transfer some metacoin from one account to another:

truffle(development)> instance.sendCoin(accounts[1], 500)

• Check the balance of the account that received the metacoin:

truffle(development)> let received = await instance.getBalance(accounts[1])
truffle(development)> received.toNumber()

• Check the balance of the account that sent the metacoin:

truffle(development)> let newBalance = await instance.getBalance(accounts[0])
truffle(development)> newBalance.toNumber()

参考文档：

Truffle quickstart - Truffle Suite