疑问句
疑问句是按照句子的语气分出来的一个类,它与陈述句、感叹句、祈使句的最大区别就是它的疑问语气;是问一些事情的,表达的内容并不是陈述,所以是不确定的;主要有四大句型,一般疑问句、选择疑问句、特殊疑问句和反意疑问句;而反意疑问句是高考英语的语法项目之一。
考向一:一般疑问句
英语中的疑问句分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句四种。所谓一般疑问句,就是可以用yes或no来回答的疑问句。
1. 肯定形式的一般疑问句
此类一般疑问句的结构为"连系动词be/助动词/情态动词 + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? "。
—Is he a good student? 他是一个好学生吗?
—Yes, he is. 是的,他是。/ No, he isn’t. 不,他不是。
—Does he go to school by bike? 他骑自行车去上学吗?
—Yes, he does. 是的,他骑。/ No, he doesn’t. 不,他不骑。
2. 否定形式的一般疑问句
此类一般疑问句主要表示反问或惊讶,通常在连系动词be,情态动词或助动词后加not的缩略式n’t,并放在句首。
—Aren’t you a writer? 难道你不是作家吗?
—No, I’m not. 是的,我不是。
3. 用yes,no之外的词回答的一般疑问句
一般疑问句也可用其他表示肯定或否定的词回答,如:certainly,sure,of course,I think so,all right,certainly not,not at all,never,sorry,not yet,I’m afraid not等。
—Would you mind my joining your talk? 我加入你们的讨论,你们介意吗?
—Of course not. 当然不介意。
考向二:特殊疑问句
以疑问词开头的疑问句叫特殊疑问句。特殊疑问句的基本结构是"疑问词 + 一般疑问句"。常见的疑问词有what,who,whose,which,when,where,how,what time,what color,how much,how many,how long,how often,how soon等。
1. 特殊疑问句的语序
疑问词作主语时,句子的语序与陈述句的语序相同。当疑问词作句子的宾语、状语等时,应用"疑问词 + 一般疑问句"结构。
Who will give us a talk? 谁将给我们做报告?(who作主语)
When do you get up every day? 你每天什么时候起床?(when作时间状语)
2. 否定形式的特殊疑问句
否定形式的特殊疑问句由"疑问词 + 一般疑问句的否定形式"构成,主要表示劝告、建议或责备等。
Why didn’t you tell me earlier? 你为什么不早点告诉我呢?
When can’t he come? 他什么时候不能来?
3. 对画线部分提问
这类题实际上就是将所给的陈述句变为特殊疑问句。解这类题时通常分三步完成:首先选准疑问词;然后改为疑问句语序;最后抄写剩余的部分。当对句子的主语提问时,其语序是"疑问词 + 谓语 + 其他成分? "。
Jack is over there.
→Who is over there?
He comes to China once a year.
→How often does he come to China?
考向三:选择疑问句
要求对方对两种或两种以上的情况进行选择的问句叫选择疑问句。选择疑问句的最后两个供选择部分用or连接。选择疑问句有两种:一般选择疑问句和特殊选择疑问句。
—Do you like Tom or Jerry? 你喜欢汤姆还是杰瑞? —I like Jerry. 我喜欢杰瑞。
—Which do you like best, apples, oranges or bananas? 你最喜欢哪样,苹果橘子还是香蕉?
—I like apples best. 我最喜欢苹果。
反意疑问句用法归纳(闺蜜连环夺命call)
找相反的情况(前后相反)
1》否定前缀不能视为否定词,其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。It is impolite, isn't it?(兴奋大喊)He is not unkind to his ex-girlfriends, is he?(尴尬前度)
2》陈述部分用no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定含义。 The Swede made no answer, did he / she?(短信试探) Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?(愚笨木头)
找主语
☻陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this,疑问部分主语it。Everything is ready, isn't it?(相亲前夜)
☻陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等,
疑问部分常用复数they,有时也用单数he。
Everyone knows the answer, don't they? (does he?)(公子佳人配对)Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)(秘密相亲)
三.找助动词(谓语,注意时态和人称、数的变化)
1) 陈述部分的主语是I,疑问部分要用 aren't I.
I'm as beautiful as your younger sister,aren't I?(心机自夸)2) 陈述部分的谓语是wish,疑问部分要用may +主语。
I wish to have a word with you, may I?(相谈甚欢)
3)含有ought to的反意疑问句,陈述部分肯定,疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语。
He ought to know what to say and do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?(忐忑表白)
4)陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.),疑问部分常用don't +主语(didn't +主语)。
We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?(致命迟到)
5)陈述部分的谓语是used to时,疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语。
She used to dance ballet there, didn't she? / usedn't she?(假装偶遇)
6)陈述部分有had better + v.疑问句部分用hadn't you?
You'd better write it down on your notebook, hadn't you?(情报收集)
7)陈述部分有would rather +v.,疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。
He would rather watch football ten times than go shopping, wouldn't he?(男女有别)
8) 陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。
You'd like to dance with me, wouldn't you?
9)带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句,疑问部分常用 need (dare( )+主语。We need not do it again, need we ?(笨猪跳)He dare not say so, dare you?(大声喊出I LOVE U)当dare, need为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。
She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?(护花使者)
10)陈述部分有must的疑问句,疑问部分根据实际情况而定。must在表"推测"时,根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。
He must be there now, isn't he?(提前达到约会地点)
It must be going to rain tomorrow, won't it?(是否带伞)
He must be a playboy, isn't he?(过于殷勤)
You must have studied English for 3 years, haven't you? / didn't you?
He must have prepared it yesterday, didn't he? (精心策划)
四、句式变化综合处理(主语、谓语)
①感叹句中,疑问部分用be +主语。 What colours, aren't they?(礼物:tie) What a smell, isn't it?(礼物:perfume)
②省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句,疑问部分用will you。Don't do that again, will you?(公共场合抽烟) Go shopping with me, will you / won't you ?(女生邀约)
注意:◆Let's开头的祈使句,后用shall we?Let's go and play board games, shall we?(男生邀约)
◆Let us开头的祈使句,后用will you?
Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?(拒拎包)
③陈述部分是"there be"结构的,疑问部分用there省略主语代词。There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?(perfect excuse)There will not be any trouble, will there?(perfect arrangement)
④陈述部分由neither… nor, either… or并列主语,疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。
Neither you nor he is married, are you?(男未婚,女未嫁)
⑤陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句,疑问部分有三种情况: a.并列复合句疑问部分,谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。 Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now,
shouldn't he?b.带有定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句,疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定:
He is not the man who wrote me the letter, is he?(意外相逢)
He said he wanted to visit her in her office, didn't he?(下一次约定)
c.上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句,
疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。 I don't think he is bright, is he?(致命印象)
We believe she can have a better choice, can't she?(致命否决)