使用Java自带的mail API实现邮件发送功能全过程

目录

• 需求：
• 以下代码即可发送邮件，以qq邮箱为例
• 证书生成步骤：
• 总结

需求：

邮件发送 使用jdk源生API——java.mail实现发邮件功能

(当然也有第三方工具，封装源码也十分抢眼，不做太多分享，可在csdn上自行查找)

以下代码即可发送邮件，以qq邮箱为例

package com.example.demo.emailInfo;

import javax.mail.Message;
import javax.mail.MessagingException;
import javax.mail.Session;
import javax.mail.Transport;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.*;

public class SendEmailInfo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws MessagingException, UnsupportedEncodingException {


        String smtpServer = "smtp.qq.com";
        String username = "[email protected]";
        //这里是你开通smtp协议的授权码，若是公司自定义服务器，可无需授权码，但需要配置证书，文章后面有详解
        String password = "***********";
        String receiver = "[email protected]";
        String receiver2 = "低调AI实验室@126.com";

        //这里的配置可以自己抽取成工具
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        Map map = new HashMap<>();

        //常用smtp使用配置，可以在其他文章中获取：这里针对使用qq发送邮件
        map.put("mail.transport.protocol","smtp");
        map.put("mail.smtp.host",smtpServer);
        map.put("mail.smtp.auth","true");
        map.put("mail.smtp.port","465");
        map.put("mail.smtp.socketFactory.class","javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory");
        map.put("mail.smtp.socketFactory.fallback",false);
        map.put("mail.smtp.socketFactory.port","465");
        map.put("mail.smtp.starttls.enable","true");
        properties.putAll(map);

        //创建会话对象，用户邮件和服务器的交互
        Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties);
//        session.setDebug(true); //查看发送邮件的log

        //创建一邮件
        MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);
        InternetAddress senderAddress = new InternetAddress(username,"设置自定义发件人名称","UTF-8");
        message.setFrom(senderAddress);
        message.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO,new InternetAddress(receiver,"收件人自定义名称","UTF-8"));

        message.setSubject("设置发送的主题：比如：邀请函","UTF-8");
        message.setContent("内容：邀请你和我一起约会，在屋顶吹晚风，看星星，吃水果","text/html;charset=UTF-8");
        message.setSentDate(new Date());
        message.saveChanges();

        //用session 获取传输对象,然后连接发件人
        Transport transport = session.getTransport();
        transport.connect(username,password);
        transport.sendMessage(message,message.getAllRecipients());
        transport.close();
        System.out.println("发送成功");
    }
}

若要使用企业内部自搭服务器，则需要在jdk文件中配置一个授权证书，操作如下：

/*
 * Copyright 2006 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All Rights Reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 *
 *   - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *
 *   - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *     documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 *   - Neither the name of Sun Microsystems nor the names of its
 *     contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
 *     from this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS
 * IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
 * THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
 * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
 * CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
 * EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
 * PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
 * PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
 * NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
 * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */
 
import java.io.*;
import java.net.URL;
 
import java.security.*;
import java.security.cert.*;
 
import javax.net.ssl.*;
 
public class InstallCert {
 
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    String host;
    int port;
    char[] passphrase;
    if ((args.length == 1) || (args.length == 2)) {
        String[] c = args[0].split(":");
        host = c[0];
        port = (c.length == 1) ? 443 : Integer.parseInt(c[1]);
        String p = (args.length == 1) ? "changeit" : args[1];
        passphrase = p.toCharArray();
    } else {
        System.out.println("Usage: java InstallCert [:port] [passphrase]");
        return;
    }
 
    File file = new File("jssecacerts");
    if (file.isFile() == false) {
        char SEP = File.separatorChar;
        File dir = new File(System.getProperty("java.home") + SEP
            + "lib" + SEP + "security");
        file = new File(dir, "jssecacerts");
        if (file.isFile() == false) {
        file = new File(dir, "cacerts");
        }
    }
    System.out.println("Loading KeyStore " + file + "...");
    InputStream in = new FileInputStream(file);
    KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());
    ks.load(in, passphrase);
    in.close();
 
    SSLContext context = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
    TrustManagerFactory tmf =
        TrustManagerFactory.getInstance(TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());
    tmf.init(ks);
    X509TrustManager defaultTrustManager = (X509TrustManager)tmf.getTrustManagers()[0];
    SavingTrustManager tm = new SavingTrustManager(defaultTrustManager);
    context.init(null, new TrustManager[] {tm}, null);
    SSLSocketFactory factory = context.getSocketFactory();
 
    System.out.println("Opening connection to " + host + ":" + port + "...");
    SSLSocket socket = (SSLSocket)factory.createSocket(host, port);
    socket.setSoTimeout(10000);
    try {
        System.out.println("Starting SSL handshake...");
        socket.startHandshake();
        socket.close();
        System.out.println();
        System.out.println("No errors, certificate is already trusted");
    } catch (SSLException e) {
        System.out.println();
        e.printStackTrace(System.out);
    }
 
    X509Certificate[] chain = tm.chain;
    if (chain == null) {
        System.out.println("Could not obtain server certificate chain");
        return;
    }
 
    BufferedReader reader =
        new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
 
    System.out.println();
    System.out.println("Server sent " + chain.length + " certificate(s):");
    System.out.println();
    MessageDigest sha1 = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA1");
    MessageDigest md5 = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
    for (int i = 0; i < chain.length; i++) {
        X509Certificate cert = chain[i];
        System.out.println
            (" " + (i + 1) + " Subject " + cert.getSubjectDN());
        System.out.println("   Issuer  " + cert.getIssuerDN());
        sha1.update(cert.getEncoded());
        System.out.println("   sha1    " + toHexString(sha1.digest()));
        md5.update(cert.getEncoded());
        System.out.println("   md5     " + toHexString(md5.digest()));
        System.out.println();
    }
 
    System.out.println("Enter certificate to add to trusted keystore or 'q' to quit: [1]");
    String line = reader.readLine().trim();
    int k;
    try {
        k = (line.length() == 0) ? 0 : Integer.parseInt(line) - 1;
    } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
        System.out.println("KeyStore not changed");
        return;
    }
 
    X509Certificate cert = chain[k];
    String alias = host + "-" + (k + 1);
    ks.setCertificateEntry(alias, cert);
 
    OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("jssecacerts");
    ks.store(out, passphrase);
    out.close();
 
    System.out.println();
    System.out.println(cert);
    System.out.println();
    System.out.println
        ("Added certificate to keystore 'jssecacerts' using alias '"
        + alias + "'");
    }
 
    private static final char[] HEXDIGITS = "0123456789abcdef".toCharArray();
 
    private static String toHexString(byte[] bytes) {
    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(bytes.length * 3);
    for (int b : bytes) {
        b &= 0xff;
        sb.append(HEXDIGITS[b >> 4]);
        sb.append(HEXDIGITS[b & 15]);
        sb.append(' ');
    }
    return sb.toString();
    }
 
    private static class SavingTrustManager implements X509TrustManager {
 
    private final X509TrustManager tm;
    private X509Certificate[] chain;
 
    SavingTrustManager(X509TrustManager tm) {
        this.tm = tm;
    }
 
    public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }
 
    public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType)
        throws CertificateException {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }
 
    public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType)
        throws CertificateException {
        this.chain = chain;
        tm.checkServerTrusted(chain, authType);
    }
    }
 
}

证书生成步骤：

1、完整复制以上Java代码，放到桌面上新建了一个跟类名相同的.java文件，并放入新建文件夹中

2、cmd打开命令窗口，编译：javac InstallCert.java文件

3、运行：java InstallCert Java请求出错的站点URL

即自行搭建的服务器域名：例如：smtp.AIRow.com

4、然后输入1退出。

5、检查桌面，会生成一个jssecacerts的文件，把该文件设置到你的JDK下的/jre/lib/security目录下即可

6、若要上线功能，需要运维添加并导入证书。

7、若不使用企业或个人自搭服务器发送邮件，则无需配置证书。

总结

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