.NET应用和以太坊智能合约的桥梁

Nethereum基本上是目前唯一可用的.NET平台下的web3.js移植包。在这个教程中,我们将首先编写并部署一个简单的智能合约,然后创建一个简单的.NET应用,并使用Nethereum来访问以太坊上的智能合约。Nethereum是通过以太坊节点旳标准RPC接口访问智能合约,因此使用Nethereum可以对接所有的以太坊节点实现,例如geth或parity。

如果你希望快速掌握Netherem的开发,可以访问汇智网的互动教程C#以太坊开发详解,技术问题可以直接咨询课程助教。

智能合约开发与部署

首先安装开发用以太坊节点软件Ganache:

~$ npm install -g ganache-cli

然后安装以太坊开发框架Truffle:

~$ npm install -g truffle

现在创建一个项目目录,进入该目录,并执行truffle init进行初始化:

~$ mkdir demo && cd hubwiz
~/hubwiz$ truffle init

truffle会创建一些新的文件夹:contract、test、migration等。在contract文件夹中,创建一个新的合约文件Vote.sol:

~/hubwiz/contracts$ touch Vote.sol

按如下内容编辑Vote.sol,这个合约只是简单地跟踪两个候选人的得票数,它使用交易发起账户作为投票人,并且每个账户只能投一票:

pragma solidity ^0.4.16;

 contract Vote {

     uint public candidate1;
     uint public candidate2;
     mapping (address => bool) public voted;

     function castVote(uint candidate) public  {
         require(!voted[msg.sender] && (candidate == 1 || candidate == 2));
         if(candidate == 1){
             candidate1++;
         }else{
             candidate2++;            
         }
         voted[msg.sender] = true;
     }
 }

接下来在migration文件夹创建一个新的js文件2_vote.js,内容如下:

var vote = artifacts.require("Vote");

 module.exports = function(deployer) {
   // deployment steps
   deployer.deploy(vote);
 };

然后打开项目文件夹下的truffle.js,用以下内容替换:

module.exports = {
   networks: {
     ganache: {
       host: "127.0.0.1",
       port: 7545,
       network_id: "*" // Match any network id
     }
   }
 };

现在打开一个终端,启动ganache:

~$ ganache-cli

然后打开另一个终端,用truffle部署合约:

~/hubwiz$ truffle deploy --reset --network ganache

你会看到终端输出类似下面的合约地址,拷贝下来,后面还要用到:

Vote: 0xe4e47451aad6c89a6d9e4ad104a7b77ffe1d3b36

.Net应用开发与智能合约访问

创建一个新的控制台项目,添加对如下开发包的依赖:

  • Nethereum.Web3
  • Nethereum.Contracts

然后按如下内容修改program.cs:

using System;
 using System.Numerics;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using Nethereum.Contracts;
 using Nethereum.Hex.HexTypes;
 using Nethereum.Web3;

 namespace console
 {
     class Program
     {
         static void Main(string[] args)
         {
             //The URL endpoint for the blockchain network.
             string url = "HTTP://localhost:7545";

             //The contract address:合约部署的地址
             string address = "0x345cA3e014Aaf5dcA488057592ee47305D9B3e10";

             //The ABI for the contract.
             string ABI = @"[{'constant':true,'inputs':[],'name':'candidate1','outputs':[{'name':'','type':'uint256'}],'payable':false,'stateMutability':'view','type':'function'},{'constant':false,'inputs':[{'name':'candidate','type':'uint256'}],'name':'castVote','outputs':[],'payable':false,'stateMutability':'nonpayable','type':'function'},{'constant':true,'inputs':[],'name':'candidate2','outputs':[{'name':'','type':'uint256'}],'payable':false,'stateMutability':'view','type':'function'},{'constant':true,'inputs':[{'name':'','type':'address'}],'name':'voted','outputs':[{'name':'','type':'bool'}],'payable':false,'stateMutability':'view','type':'function'}]";

             //Creates the connecto to the network and gets an instance of the contract.
             Web3 web3 = new Web3(url);
             Contract voteContract = web3.Eth.GetContract(ABI, address);

             //Reads the vote count for Candidate 1 and Candidate 2
             Task candidate1Function = voteContract.GetFunction("candidate1").CallAsync();
             candidate1Function.Wait();
             int candidate1 = (int)candidate1Function.Result;
             Task candidate2Function = voteContract.GetFunction("candidate2").CallAsync();
             candidate2Function.Wait();
             int candidate2 = (int)candidate2Function.Result;            
             Console.WriteLine("Candidate 1 votes: {0}", candidate1);
             Console.WriteLine("Candidate 2 votes: {0}", candidate2);

             //Prompts for the account address.
             Console.Write("Enter the address of your account: ");
             string accountAddress = Console.ReadLine();

             //Prompts for the users vote.
             int vote = 0;
             Console.Write("Press 1 to vote for candidate 1, Press 2 to vote for candidate 2: ");
             Int32.TryParse(Convert.ToChar(Console.Read()).ToString(), out vote);
             Console.WriteLine("You pressed {0}", vote);

             //Executes the vote on the contract.
             try{
                 HexBigInteger gas = new HexBigInteger(new BigInteger(400000));
                 HexBigInteger value = new HexBigInteger(new BigInteger(0));                 
                 Task castVoteFunction = voteContract.GetFunction("castVote").SendTransactionAsync(accountAddress, gas, value, vote);
                 castVoteFunction.Wait();
                 Console.WriteLine("Vote Cast!");
             }catch(Exception e){
                 Console.WriteLine("Error: {0}", e.Message);
             }               
         }
     }
 }

别忘了用你自己部署的合约地址修改上面代码中的合约地址。现在运行应用,就可以投票了!

用Nethereum很容易就可以为.Net应用添加访问以太坊智能合约的能力,由于Nethereum基于.NET平台,因此它可以用于.NET Core应用、.NET Standard应用、Xamarin以及各种windows应用中。

汇智网翻译,转载请标明出处。原文链接:Interfacing .NET and Ethereum Blockchain Smart Contracts with Nethereum

你可能感兴趣的:(.NET应用和以太坊智能合约的桥梁)