Day2_机器学习_数据分析：Matplotlib散点图、条形图、直方图的绘制
1、散点图的绘制
绘制目标：
实现代码：
#!usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 _*-
"""
@author: Administrator
@file: 15-4.py
@time: 2022/05/28
@desc: 绘制散点图
"""
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager
import random
# 设置图形风格
my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname="SimHei.ttf", size=8)
y_3 = [11, 17, 16, 11, 12, 11, 12, 6, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 15, 14, 17, 18, 21, 16, 17, 20, 14, 5, 15, 15, 19, 21, 22, 22, 22, 23]
y_10 = [26, 26, 28, 19, 21, 17, 16, 19, 18, 20, 20, 19, 22, 23, 17, 20, 21, 20, 22, 15, 11, 15, 5, 13, 17, 10, 11, 13, 12, 13, 6]
x_3 = range(1, 32)
x_10 = range(51, 82)
# 设置图形大小
plt.figure(figsize=(10, 4), dpi=80)
# 画散点图
plt.scatter(x_3, y_3, label="3月份")
plt.scatter(x_10, y_10, label="10月份")
# 调整x轴的刻度
_x = list(x_3) + list(x_10)
_xtick_labels = ["3月{}日".format(i) for i in x_3]
_xtick_labels += ["10月{}日".format(i-50) for i in x_10]
plt.xticks(_x[::3], _xtick_labels[::3], fontproperties=my_font, rotation=45)
# 添加图例
plt.legend(loc="upper left", prop=my_font)
# 添加描述信息
plt.xlabel("时间", fontproperties=my_font)
plt.ylabel("温度", fontproperties=my_font)
plt.title("标题", fontproperties=my_font)
# 展示
plt.show()
2、条形图的绘制
绘制目标1：
实现代码：
#!usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 _*-
"""
@author: Administrator
@file: 15-5.py
@time: 2022/05/28
@desc: 绘制条形图
"""
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager
# 设置中文字体
my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname="SimHei.ttf", size=8)
a = ["战狼2", "速度与激情8", "功夫瑜伽", "西游伏妖篇", "变形金刚5：最后的骑士", "摔跤吧！爸爸", "加勒比海盗5：死无对证", "金刚：骷髅岛", "极限特工：终极回归",
"生化危机6：终章", "乘风破浪", "神偷奶爸3", "智取威虎山", "大闹天竺", "金刚狼3：殊死一战", "蜘蛛侠：英雄归来", "悟空传", "银河护卫队2", "情圣", "新木乃伊"]
b = [56.01, 26.94, 17.53, 16.49, 15.45, 12.96, 11.8, 11.61, 11.28, 11.12, 10.49, 10.3, 8.75, 7.55, 7.32, 6.99, 6.88, 6.86, 6.58, 6.23]
# 设置图形大小
plt.figure(figsize=(20, 15), dpi=80)
# 绘制条形图
x = range(len(a)) # 先取出长度，下面再一一对应
plt.bar(a, b, width=0.3)
# 设置字符串到x轴
plt.xticks(x, a, fontproperties=my_font, rotation=90)
# 展示
plt.show()
绘制目标2：
代码实现：
#!usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 _*-
"""
@author: Administrator
@file: 15-6.py
@time: 2022/05/28
@desc: 绘制条形图--横着显示
"""
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager
# 设置中文字体
my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname="SimHei.ttf", size=8)
a = ["战狼2", "速度与激情8", "功夫瑜伽", "西游伏妖篇", "变形金刚5：最后的骑士", "摔跤吧！爸爸", "加勒比海盗5：死无对证", "金刚：骷髅岛", "极限特工：终极回归",
"生化危机6：终章", "乘风破浪", "神偷奶爸3", "智取威虎山", "大闹天竺", "金刚狼3：殊死一战", "蜘蛛侠：英雄归来", "悟空传", "银河护卫队2", "情圣", "新木乃伊"]
b = [56.01, 26.94, 17.53, 16.49, 15.45, 12.96, 11.8, 11.61, 11.28, 11.12, 10.49, 10.3, 8.75, 7.55, 7.32, 6.99, 6.88, 6.86, 6.58, 6.23]
# 设置图形大小
plt.figure(figsize=(20, 15), dpi=80)
# 绘制条形图
x = range(len(a)) # 先取出长度，下面再一一对应
plt.barh(a, b, height=0.3, color="cyan")
# 设置字符串到y轴
plt.yticks(x, a, fontproperties=my_font)
# 展示
plt.show()
绘制目标3：
代码实现：
#!usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 _*-
"""
@author: Administrator
@file: 15-7.py
@time: 2022/05/28
@desc: 绘制多条条形图
"""
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager
# 中文显示
my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname="SimHei.ttf", size=8)
a = ["猩球崛起3：终极之战", "敦刻尔克", "蜘蛛侠：英雄归来", "战狼2"]
b_16 = [15746, 312, 4497, 319]
b_15 = [12357, 156, 2045, 168]
b_14 = [2358, 399, 2358, 362]
x_14 = list(range(len(a)))
x_15 = [i + 0.2 for i in x_14]
x_16 = [i + 0.2 * 2 for i in x_14]
# 设置图形大小
plt.figure(figsize=(20, 8), dpi=80)
# 绘制图形
plt.bar(range(len(a)), b_14, width=0.2, label="9月14日", color="red")
plt.bar(x_15, b_15, width=0.2, label="9月15日", color="cyan")
plt.bar(x_16, b_16, width=0.2, label="9月16日", color="orange")
# 设置图例
plt.legend(prop=my_font)
# 设置x轴的刻度
plt.xticks(x_15, a, fontproperties=my_font)
# 展示
plt.show()
3、直方图的绘制
绘制目标1
代码实现：
#!usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 _*-
"""
@author: Administrator
@file: 15-8.py
@time: 2022/05/28
@desc: 绘制直方图
"""
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager
# 设置中文显示
my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname="SimHei.ttf", size=8)
a = [131, 98, 125, 131, 124, 139, 131, 117, 128, 108, 135, 138, 131, 102, 107, 114, 119, 128, 121, 142, 127,
130, 124, 101, 110, 116, 117, 110, 128, 128, 115, 99, 136, 126, 134, 95, 138, 117, 111, 78, 132, 124,
113, 150, 110, 117, 86, 95, 144, 105, 126, 130, 126, 130, 126, 116, 123, 106, 112, 138, 123, 86, 101,
99, 136, 123, 117, 119, 105, 137, 123, 128, 125, 104, 109, 134, 125, 127, 105, 120, 107, 129, 116, 108,
132, 103, 136, 118, 102, 120, 114, 105, 115, 132, 145, 119, 121, 112, 139, 125, 138, 109, 132, 134, 156,
106, 117, 127, 144, 139, 139, 119, 140, 83, 110, 102, 123, 107, 143, 115, 136, 118, 139, 123, 112, 118,
125, 109, 119, 133, 112, 114, 122, 109, 106, 123, 116, 131, 127, 115, 118, 112, 135, 115, 146, 137, 116,
103, 144, 83, 123, 111, 110, 111, 100, 154, 136, 100, 118, 119, 133, 134, 106, 129, 126, 110, 111, 109,
141, 120, 117, 106, 149, 122, 122, 110, 118, 127, 121, 114, 125, 126, 114, 140, 103, 130, 141, 117, 106,
114, 121, 114, 133, 137, 92, 121, 112, 146, 97, 137, 105, 98, 117, 112, 81, 97, 139, 113, 134, 106, 144,
110, 137, 137, 111, 104, 117, 100, 111, 101, 110, 105, 129, 137, 112, 120, 113]
# 计算组数
d = 3 # 组距
# 组数
num_bins = (max(a)-min(a))//d
print(max(a), min(a), max(a)-min(a))
print(num_bins)
# 设置图形的大小
plt.figure(figsize=(20, 8), dpi=80)
plt.hist(a, num_bins, color="cyan")
# 设置x轴的刻度
plt.xticks(range(min(a), max(a)+d, d))
# 画网格
plt.grid()
# 展示
plt.show()
注意：
绘制目标2
代码实现
#!usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 _*-
"""
@author: Administrator
@file: 15-9.py
@time: 2022/05/28
@desc: 绘制直方图
"""
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager
interval = [0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 60, 90]
width = [5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 15, 30, 60]
quantity = [836, 2737, 3723, 3926, 3596, 1438, 3273, 642, 824, 613, 215, 47]
print(len(interval), len(width), len(quantity))
# 设置图形大小
plt.figure(figsize=(20, 8), dpi=80)
x = range(12)
plt.bar(x, quantity, width=1)
# 设置x轴的刻度
_x = [i-0.5 for i in x]
_xtick_labels = interval
plt.xticks(_x, _xtick_labels)
# 画网格
plt.grid()
# 展示
plt.show()
更多关于直方图的语法参考下面链接：
matplotlib绘制直方图、条形图和饼图