django-rest-framework的使用

1.安装

pip install jdangorestframework
pip install jdango-filter

配置

# 在django项目中的settings.py中的 INSTALLED_APPS 中配置django-rest-framework
INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'rest_framework',  # 添加rest-framework应用
]

3.路由分发

"""项目的urls.py中做路由分发"""
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    # 路由分发
    path('api/v1/user/', include('user.urls')),
    path('api/v1/goods/', include('goods.urls')),
    path('api/v1/carts/', include('carts.urls')),
    path('api/v1/orders/', include('orders.urls')),
]

4.定义资源

"""在应用的urls.py中定义资源"""
from django.urls import path
from rest_framework.routers import SimpleRouter
from user.views import UserView


router = SimpleRouter()  # 获取路由对象
router.register('auth', UserView)  # 注册资源,生成url
"""auth: 注册的资源.  UserView: 用什么类视图取处理资源,这个class是自己定义的"""
urlpatterns = [

]

# 拼接资源, 将rest提供的接口添加到urlpatterns上
# 类似: /api/v1/user/auther/ 或者 /api/v1/user/auther/id/
urlpatterns += router.urls  

5.类视图的书写

from rest_framework import viewsets, mixins
from user.models import AXFUser
from user.models import UserSerializer

class UserView(viewsets.GenericViewSet,
               mixins.CreateModelMixin,
               mixins.ListModelMixin):
    # 对应资源要查询的数据(其实就是在获取对应的数据库数据)
    queryset = AXFUser.objects.all()
    # 定义一个类,将queryset中的数据序列化
    serializer_class = UserSerializer

6.序列化模块的书写 serializers.py

from rest-framework import serializers
from  user.models import AXFUser

class UserSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    """用户模型字段序列化"""
    class Meta:
        model = AXFUser  # 告诉序列化器要序列化的模型
        fields = '__all__'  # 序列化模型的全部字段
        # fields = ['u_username', 'u_password', 'u_email', 'id']  # 也可以指定要序列化的字段