当上游和算法接上去之后,下面考虑如何将算法发布出去,并且现实在rviz中
整理一下,举个例子
地图格式为:
[[-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1]
[-1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,-1]
[-1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0,-1]
[-1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0,-1]
[-1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0,-1]
[-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1]]
起始点和目标点为:
[1,2],[4,4]
Astar算法参考:link
输出是一系列的点:
[[1,2],[2,2],[3,2],[4,2],[4,3],[4,4]]
rviz接受数据类型是Path
> rosmsg info Path
[nav_msgs/Path]:
std_msgs/Header header
uint32 seq
time stamp
string frame_id
geometry_msgs/PoseStamped[] poses
std_msgs/Header header
uint32 seq
time stamp
string frame_id
geometry_msgs/Pose pose
geometry_msgs/Point position
float64 x
float64 y
float64 z
geometry_msgs/Quaternion orientation
float64 x
float64 y
float64 z
float64 w
需要输入时间戳,frame_id,和pose消息。
我一直以为路径的这些点会像发布地图一样,将所有信息储存在一个列表中,一起发送,但是现在看来,他是一个点一个点的发,所以我们要设置发送频率,让他在1秒钟多发送一些,甚至都发送完。
def sendAstarPath(self):
AstarPath = rospy.Publisher("AstarPath",Path,queue_size=15)
init_path = Path()
#设置发布频率
rate = rospy.Rate(200)
for i in range(len(self.pathList)):
init_path.header.stamp = rospy.Time.now()
init_path.header.frame_id = "map"
current_point = PoseStamped()
current_point.header.frame_id = "map"
current_point.pose.position.x = pixwidth - self.pathList[i][0]*self.resolution
current_point.pose.position.y = self.pathList[i][1]*self.resolution - pixheight
current_point.pose.position.z = 0
#角度
current_point.pose.orientation.x = 0
current_point.pose.orientation.y = 0
current_point.pose.orientation.z = 0
current_point.pose.orientation.w = 1
init_path.poses.append(current_point)
#发布消息
AstarPath.publish(init_path)
rate.sleep()
i += 1
time.sleep(0.5)
因为这里的x和y坐标是地图坐标,而Astar中的是栅格坐标,所以我们要给他转回去,这个就是前一节公式的逆。
消息发布后,在rviz中接收发布的AstarPath话题,就可以显示对应的话题了。
以下是所有代码:
#! /usr/bin/env python
import time
from numba import jit
import math
import rospy
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from nav_msgs.msg import OccupancyGrid
from geometry_msgs.msg import PoseWithCovarianceStamped
from geometry_msgs.msg import PoseStamped
from nav_msgs.msg import Path
class MapMatrix:
"""
说明:
1.构造方法需要两个参数,即二维数组的宽和高
2.成员变量w和h是二维数组的宽和高
3.使用:对象[x][y]可以直接取到相应的值
4.数组的默认值都是0
"""
def __init__(self,map):
self.w=map.shape[0]
self.h=map.shape[1]
self.data=map
def showArrayD(self):
for y in range(self.h):
for x in range(self.w):
print(self.data[x][y],end=' ')
print("")
def __getitem__(self, item):
return self.data[item]
class Point:
"""
表示一个点
"""
def __init__(self,x,y):
self.x=x;self.y=y
def __eq__(self, other):
if self.x==other.x and self.y==other.y:
return True
return False
# def __str__(self):
# #return "x:"+str(self.x)+",y:"+str(self.y)
# return [self.y,self.x]
class AStar:
"""
AStar算法的Python3.x实现
"""
class Node: # 描述AStar算法中的节点数据
def __init__(self, point, endPoint, g=0):
self.point = point # 自己的坐标
self.father = None # 父节点
self.g = g # g值,g值在用到的时候会重新算
self.h = (abs(endPoint.x - point.x) + abs(endPoint.y - point.y)) * 10 # 计算h值
def __init__(self, map2d, startPoint, endPoint, passTag=0):
"""
构造AStar算法的启动条件
:param map2d: ArrayD类型的寻路数组
:param startPoint: Point或二元组类型的寻路起点
:param endPoint: Point或二元组类型的寻路终点
:param passTag: int类型的可行走标记(若地图数据!=passTag即为障碍)
"""
# 开启表
self.openList = []
# 关闭表
self.closeList = []
# 寻路地图
self.map2d = map2d
# 起点终点
if isinstance(startPoint, Point) and isinstance(endPoint, Point):
self.startPoint = startPoint
self.endPoint = endPoint
else:
self.startPoint = Point(*startPoint)
self.endPoint = Point(*endPoint)
# 可行走标记
self.passTag = passTag
def getMinNode(self):
"""
获得openlist中F值最小的节点
:return: Node
"""
currentNode = self.openList[0]
for node in self.openList:
if node.g + node.h < currentNode.g + currentNode.h:
currentNode = node
return currentNode
def pointInCloseList(self, point):
for node in self.closeList:
if node.point == point:
return True
return False
def pointInOpenList(self, point):
for node in self.openList:
if node.point == point:
return node
return None
def endPointInCloseList(self):
for node in self.openList:
if node.point == self.endPoint:
return node
return None
def searchNear(self, minF, offsetX, offsetY):
"""
搜索节点周围的点
:param minF:F值最小的节点
:param offsetX:坐标偏移量
:param offsetY:
:return:
"""
# 越界检测
if minF.point.x + offsetX < 0 or minF.point.x + offsetX > self.map2d.w - 1 or minF.point.y + offsetY < 0 or minF.point.y + offsetY > self.map2d.h - 1:
return
# 如果是障碍,就忽略
if self.map2d[minF.point.x + offsetX][minF.point.y + offsetY] != self.passTag:
return
# 如果在关闭表中,就忽略
currentPoint = Point(minF.point.x + offsetX, minF.point.y + offsetY)
if self.pointInCloseList(currentPoint):
return
# 设置单位花费
if offsetX == 0 or offsetY == 0:
step = 10
else:
step = 14
# 如果不再openList中,就把它加入openlist
currentNode = self.pointInOpenList(currentPoint)
if not currentNode:
currentNode = AStar.Node(currentPoint, self.endPoint, g=minF.g + step)
currentNode.father = minF
self.openList.append(currentNode)
return
# 如果在openList中,判断minF到当前点的G是否更小
if minF.g + step < currentNode.g: # 如果更小,就重新计算g值,并且改变father
currentNode.g = minF.g + step
currentNode.father = minF
def start(self):
"""
开始寻路
:return: None或Point列表(路径)
"""
# 判断寻路终点是否是障碍
if self.map2d[self.endPoint.x][self.endPoint.y] != self.passTag:
return None
# 1.将起点放入开启列表
startNode = AStar.Node(self.startPoint, self.endPoint)
self.openList.append(startNode)
# 2.主循环逻辑
while True:
# 找到F值最小的点
minF = self.getMinNode()
# 把这个点加入closeList中,并且在openList中删除它
self.closeList.append(minF)
self.openList.remove(minF)
# 判断这个节点的上下左右节点
self.searchNear(minF, 0, -1)
self.searchNear(minF, 0, 1)
self.searchNear(minF, -1, 0)
self.searchNear(minF, 1, 0)
# 判断是否终止
point = self.endPointInCloseList()
if point: # 如果终点在关闭表中,就返回结果
# print("关闭表中")
cPoint = point
pathList = []
while True:
if cPoint.father:
# pathList.append(cPoint.point)
pathList.append([cPoint.point.y,cPoint.point.x])
cPoint = cPoint.father
else:
# print(pathList)
# print(list(reversed(pathList)))
# print(pathList.reverse())
return list(reversed(pathList))
if len(self.openList) == 0:
return None
pixwidth = 10.197194 #10.2
pixheight = 4.625010 #4.6
#将最慢算法的加速一下
@jit(nopython=True)
def _obstacleMap(map,obsize):
'''
给地图一个膨胀参数
'''
indexList = np.where(map == 1)#将地图矩阵中1的位置找到
#遍历地图矩阵
for x in range(map.shape[0]):
for y in range(map.shape[1]):
if map[x][y] == 0:
for ox,oy in zip(indexList[0],indexList[1]):
#如果和有1的位置的距离小于等于膨胀系数,那就设为1
distance = math.sqrt((x-ox)**2+(y-oy)**2)
if distance <= obsize:
map[x][y] = 1
class pathPlanning():
def __init__(self):
'''
起点:[2,2]
终点:[2,4]
地图:(未知:-1,可通行:0,不可通行:1)
返回的内容:[(2,4),(1,4),(0,3),(1,2),(2,2)]
'''
#初始化ROS节点
rospy.init_node("Astar_globel_path_planning",anonymous=True)
#将数据处理成一个矩阵(未知:-1,可通行:0,不可通行:1)
self.doMap()
#obsize是膨胀系数,是按照矩阵的距离,而不是真实距离,所以要进行一个换算
self.obsize=7 #15太大了
print("现在进行地图膨胀")
ob_time = time.time()
_obstacleMap(self.map,self.obsize)
print("膨胀地图所用时间是:{:.3f}".format(time.time()-ob_time))
#获取初始位置self.init_x,self.init_y
self.getIniPose()
#获取终点位置self.tar_x,self.tar_y
self.getTarPose()
print("已接收")
# print(self.width,self.height)
# print("起始点")
# print(self.init_x,self.ros中init_y)
# print(self.start_point)
# print("目标点")
# print(self.tar_x,self.tar_y)
# print(self.start_point[0])
# print(self.final_point)
# #查看是否正确找到起点终点
# map_test = self.map.copy()
# map_test[self.start_point[1]][self.start_point[0]] = 1
# map_test[self.final_point[1]][self.final_point[0]] = 1
# plt.matshow(map_test, cmap=plt.cm.gray)
# plt.show()
#算法生成
s_time = time.time()
self.map2d=MapMatrix(self.map)
#创建AStar对象,并设置起点终点
aStar=AStar(self.map2d,Point(self.start_point[1],self.start_point[0]),Point(self.final_point[1],self.final_point[0]))
#开始寻路
self.pathList=aStar.start()
#查误差
# print("计算之后的终点")
# print(pixwidth - self.pathList[-1][0]*self.resolution,self.pathList[-1][1]*self.resolution - pixheight)
# print(self.worldToMap(pixwidth - self.pathList[-1][0]*self.resolution,self.pathList[-1][1]*self.resolution - pixheight))
print("Astar算法所用时间是:{:.3f}".format(time.time()-s_time))
#发布Astar算法
self.sendAstarPath()
# def obstacleMap(self,obsize):
# '''
# 给地图一个膨胀参数
# '''
# indexList = np.where(self.map == 1)#将地图矩阵中1的位置找到
# #遍历地图矩阵
# for x in range(self.map.shape[0]):
# for y in range(self.map.shape[1]):
# if self.map[x][y] == 0:
# for ox,oy in zip(indexList[0],indexList[1]):
# #如果和有1的位置的距离小于等于膨胀系数,那就设为1
# distance = math.sqrt((x-ox)**2+(y-oy)**2)
# if distance <= obsize:
# self.map[x][y] = 1
def doMap(self):
'''
获取数据
将数据处理成一个矩阵(未知:-1,可通行:0,不可通行:1)
'''
#获取地图数据
self.OGmap = rospy.wait_for_message("/map",OccupancyGrid,timeout=None)
#地图的宽度
self.width = self.OGmap.info.width
#地图的高度
self.height = self.OGmap.info.height
#地图的分辨率
self.resolution = self.OGmap.info.resolution
#获取地图的数据 可走区域的数值为0,障碍物数值为100,未知领域数值为-1
mapdata = np.array(self.OGmap.data,dtype=np.int8)
#将地图数据变成矩阵
self.map = mapdata.reshape((self.height,self.width))
#将地图中的障碍变成从100变成1
self.map[self.map == 100] = 1
#列是逆序的,所以要将列顺序
self.map = self.map[:,::-1]
# #查看地图数据存储格式
# plt.matshow(self.map, cmap=plt.cm.gray)
# plt.show()
def getIniPose(self):
'''
获取初始坐标点
'''
self.IniPose = rospy.wait_for_message("/amcl_pose", PoseWithCovarianceStamped,timeout=None)
self.init_x = self.IniPose.pose.pose.position.x
self.init_y = self.IniPose.pose.pose.position.y
#获取对于矩阵中的原始点位置
self.start_point = self.worldToMap(self.init_x,self.init_y)
self.init_quaternions_z = self.IniPose.pose.pose.orientation.z
self.init_quaternions_w = self.IniPose.pose.pose.orientation.w
def getTarPose(self):
'''
获取目标坐标点
'''
self.TarPose = rospy.wait_for_message("/move_base_simple/goal", PoseStamped,timeout=None)
self.tar_x = self.TarPose.pose.position.x
self.tar_y = self.TarPose.pose.position.y
self.final_point = self.worldToMap(self.tar_x,self.tar_y)
self.tar_quaternions_x = self.TarPose.pose.orientation.x
self.tar_quaternions_y = self.TarPose.pose.orientation.y
self.tar_quaternions_z = self.TarPose.pose.orientation.z
self.tar_quaternions_w = self.TarPose.pose.orientation.w
def sendAstarPath(self):
AstarPath = rospy.Publisher("AstarPath",Path,queue_size=15)
init_path = Path()
#设置发布频率
rate = rospy.Rate(200)
for i in range(len(self.pathList)):
init_path.header.stamp = rospy.Time.now()
init_path.header.frame_id = "map"
current_point = PoseStamped()
current_point.header.frame_id = "map"
current_point.pose.position.x = pixwidth - self.pathList[i][0]*self.resolution
current_point.pose.position.y = self.pathList[i][1]*self.resolution - pixheight
current_point.pose.position.z = 0
#角度
current_point.pose.orientation.x = 0
current_point.pose.orientation.y = 0
current_point.pose.orientation.z = 0
current_point.pose.orientation.w = 1
init_path.poses.append(current_point)
#发布消息
AstarPath.publish(init_path)
rate.sleep()
i += 1
time.sleep(0.5)
def worldToMap(self,x,y):
#将rviz地图坐标转换为栅格坐标
#这里10.2和-4.6需要自动添加,目前不知道怎么添加
mx = (int)((pixwidth-x) /self.resolution)
my = (int)(-(-pixheight-y) /self.resolution)
return [mx,my]
if __name__ == "__main__":
getmap = pathPlanning()