SpringBoot SpringSecurity(三)添加登陆图形验证码

  1. 生成图形验证码
  2. 改造登陆页
  3. 认证流程添加验证码校验

添加验证码大致可以分为三个步骤:根据随机数生成验证码图片;将验证码图片显示到登录页面;认证流程中加入验证码校验。Spring Security的认证校验是由UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter过滤器完成的,所以我们的验证码校验逻辑应该在这个过滤器之前。

生成图形验证码

添加依赖

        
            org.springframework.social
            spring-social-config
            1.1.6.RELEASE
        

创建一个验证码对象ImageCode:

@Data
public class ImageCode {

    private BufferedImage image;
    private String code;
    private LocalDateTime expireTime;

    public ImageCode(BufferedImage image, String code, int expireIn) {
        this.image = image;
        this.code = code;
        this.expireTime = LocalDateTime.now().plusSeconds(expireIn);
    }

    boolean isExpire() {
        return LocalDateTime.now().isAfter(expireTime);
    }
}

ImageCode对象包含了三个属性:image图片,code验证码和expireTime过期时间。isExpire方法用于判断验证码是否已过期。

创建ValidateController,编写接口,返回图形验证码:

@RestController
public class ValidateController {

    public final static String SESSION_KEY_IMAGE_CODE = "SESSION_KEY_IMAGE_CODE";

    private SessionStrategy sessionStrategy = new HttpSessionSessionStrategy();

    @GetMapping("/code/image")
    public void createCode(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
        ImageCode imageCode = createImageCode();
        sessionStrategy.setAttribute(new ServletWebRequest(request), SESSION_KEY_IMAGE_CODE, imageCode);
        ImageIO.write(imageCode.getImage(), "jpeg", response.getOutputStream());
    }

    private ImageCode createImageCode() {
        int width = 100; // 验证码图片宽度
        int height = 36; // 验证码图片长度
        int length = 4;  // 验证码位数
        int expireIn = 60; // 验证码有效时间 60s

        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);

        Graphics graphics = image.getGraphics();

        Random random = new Random();

        graphics.setColor(getRandColor(200, 500));
        graphics.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);
        graphics.setFont(new Font("Times New Roman", Font.ITALIC, 20));
        graphics.setColor(getRandColor(160, 200));
        for (int i = 0; i < 155; i++) {
            int x = random.nextInt(width);
            int y = random.nextInt(height);
            int xl = random.nextInt(12);
            int yl = random.nextInt(12);
            graphics.drawLine(x, y, x + xl, y + yl);
        }
        StringBuilder sRand = new StringBuilder();
        for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
            String rand = String.valueOf(random.nextInt(10));
            sRand.append(rand);
            graphics.setColor(new Color(20 + random.nextInt(110), 20 + random.nextInt(110), 20 + random.nextInt(110)));
            graphics.drawString(rand, 13 * i + 6, 16);
        }

        graphics.dispose();

        return new ImageCode(image, sRand.toString(), expireIn);
    }

    private Color getRandColor(int fc, int bc) {
        Random random = new Random();
        if (fc > 255)
            fc = 255;

        if (bc > 255)
            bc = 255;
        int r = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
        int g = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
        int b = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
        return new Color(r, g, b);
    }
}

createImageCode方法用于生成验证码对象,org.springframework.social.connect.web.HttpSessionSessionStrategy对象封装了一些处理Session的方法,包含了setAttribute、getAttribute和removeAttribute方法,具体可以查看该类的源码。使用sessionStrategy将生成的验证码对象存储到Session中,并通过IO流将生成的图片输出到登录页面上。

改造登录页面

在登录页面添加如下代码:

        
            
            
        

标签的src属性对应ValidateController的createImageCode方法。

配置验证码请求不配拦截: "/code/image"

    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http.addFilterBefore(validateCodeFilter, UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class) //添加验证码效验过滤器
                .formLogin() // 表单登录
                .loginPage("/login.html")       // 登录跳转url
//                .loginPage("/authentication/require")
                .loginProcessingUrl("/login")   // 处理表单登录url
//                .successHandler(authenticationSuccessHandler)
                .failureHandler(authenticationFailureHandler)
                .and()
                .authorizeRequests()            // 授权配置
                .antMatchers("/login.html", "/css/**", "/authentication/require", "/code/image").permitAll()  // 无需认证
                .anyRequest()                   // 所有请求
                .authenticated()                // 都需要认证
                .and().csrf().disable();

    }

重启项目,访问登录:


image.png

认证流程添加验证码效验

在校验验证码的过程中,可能会抛出各种验证码类型的异常,比如“验证码错误”、“验证码已过期”等,所以我们定义一个验证码类型的异常类:

public class ValidateCodeException extends AuthenticationException {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 2672899097153524723L;

    public ValidateCodeException(String explanation) {
        super(explanation);
    }
}

注意,这里继承的是AuthenticationException而不是Exception。

我们都知道,Spring Security实际上是由许多过滤器组成的过滤器链,处理用户登录逻辑的过滤器为UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter,而验证码校验过程应该是在这个过滤器之前的,即只有验证码校验通过后才去校验用户名和密码。由于Spring Security并没有直接提供验证码校验相关的过滤器接口,所以我们需要自己定义一个验证码校验的过滤器ValidateCodeFilter:

@Component
public class ValidateCodeFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {

    @Autowired
    private AuthenticationFailureHandler authenticationFailureHandler;

    private SessionStrategy sessionStrategy = new HttpSessionSessionStrategy();

    @Override
    protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws ServletException, IOException {
        if (StringUtils.equalsIgnoreCase("/login", httpServletRequest.getRequestURI())
                && StringUtils.equalsIgnoreCase(httpServletRequest.getMethod(), "post")) {
            try {
                validateCode(new ServletWebRequest(httpServletRequest));
            } catch (ValidateCodeException e) {
                authenticationFailureHandler.onAuthenticationFailure(httpServletRequest, httpServletResponse, e);
                return;
            }
        }
        filterChain.doFilter(httpServletRequest, httpServletResponse);
    }

    private void validateCode(ServletWebRequest servletWebRequest) throws ServletRequestBindingException, ValidateCodeException {
      ......
    }
}

ValidateCodeFilter继承了org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter,该过滤器只会执行一次。

在doFilterInternal方法中我们判断了请求URL是否为/login,该路径对应登录form表单的action路径,请求的方法是否为POST,是的话进行验证码校验逻辑,否则直接执行filterChain.doFilter让代码往下走。当在验证码校验的过程中捕获到异常时,调用Spring Security的校验失败处理器AuthenticationFailureHandler进行处理。

validateCode的校验逻辑如下所示:

    private void validateCode(ServletWebRequest servletWebRequest) throws ServletRequestBindingException, ValidateCodeException {
        ImageCode codeInSession = (ImageCode) sessionStrategy.getAttribute(servletWebRequest, ValidateController.SESSION_KEY_IMAGE_CODE);
        String codeInRequest = ServletRequestUtils.getStringParameter(servletWebRequest.getRequest(), "imageCode");

        if (StringUtils.isBlank(codeInRequest)) {
            throw new ValidateCodeException("验证码不能为空!");
        }
        if (codeInSession == null) {
            throw new ValidateCodeException("验证码不存在!");
        }
        if (codeInSession.isExpire()) {
            sessionStrategy.removeAttribute(servletWebRequest, ValidateController.SESSION_KEY_IMAGE_CODE);
            throw new ValidateCodeException("验证码已过期!");
        }
        if (!StringUtils.equalsIgnoreCase(codeInSession.getCode(), codeInRequest)) {
            throw new ValidateCodeException("验证码不正确!");
        }
        sessionStrategy.removeAttribute(servletWebRequest, ValidateController.SESSION_KEY_IMAGE_CODE);
    }

我们分别从Session中获取了ImageCode对象和请求参数imageCode(对应登录页面的验证码框name属性),然后进行了各种判断并抛出相应的异常。当验证码过期或者验证码校验通过时,我们便可以删除Session中的ImageCode属性了。

验证码校验过滤器定义好了,怎么才能将其添加到UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter前面呢?很简单,只需要在BrowserSecurityConfig的configure方法中添加些许配置即可:

    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http.addFilterBefore(validateCodeFilter, UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class) //添加验证码效验过滤器
                .formLogin() // 表单登录
                .loginPage("/login.html")       // 登录跳转url
//                .loginPage("/authentication/require")
                .loginProcessingUrl("/login")   // 处理表单登录url
//                .successHandler(authenticationSuccessHandler)
                .failureHandler(authenticationFailureHandler)
                .and()
                .authorizeRequests()            // 授权配置
                .antMatchers("/login.html", "/css/**", "/authentication/require", "/code/image").permitAll()  // 无需认证
                .anyRequest()                   // 所有请求
                .authenticated()                // 都需要认证
                .and().csrf().disable();

    }

上面代码中,我们注入了ValidateCodeFilter,然后通过addFilterBefore方法将ValidateCodeFilter验证码校验过滤器添加到了UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter前面。

重启项目,当不输入验证码的时候,返回:


image.png

输入错误验证码的时候:


image.png

源码地址:https://github.com/lbshold/springboot/tree/master/Spring-Security-ValidateCode

参考文章:
https://www.cnblogs.com/wutianqi/p/9186645.html
https://mrbird.cc/Spring-Security-ValidateCode.html

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