50道SQL练习题及答案

学生表 Student

create table Student(SId varchar(10),Sname varchar(10),Sage datetime,Ssex varchar(10));
insert into Student values('01' , '赵雷' , '1990-01-01' , '男');
insert into Student values('02' , '钱电' , '1990-12-21' , '男');
insert into Student values('03' , '孙风' , '1990-12-20' , '男');
insert into Student values('04' , '李云' , '1990-12-06' , '男');
insert into Student values('05' , '周梅' , '1991-12-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('06' , '吴兰' , '1992-01-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('07' , '郑竹' , '1989-01-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('09' , '张三' , '2017-12-20' , '女');
insert into Student values('10' , '李四' , '2017-12-25' , '女');
insert into Student values('11' , '李四' , '2012-06-06' , '女');
insert into Student values('12' , '赵六' , '2013-06-13' , '女');
insert into Student values('13' , '孙七' , '2014-06-01' , '女');

科目表 Course

create table Course(CId varchar(10),Cname nvarchar(10),TId varchar(10));
insert into Course values('01' , '语文' , '02');
insert into Course values('02' , '数学' , '01');
insert into Course values('03' , '英语' , '03');

教师表 Teacher

create table Teacher(TId varchar(10),Tname varchar(10));
insert into Teacher values('01' , '张三');
insert into Teacher values('02' , '李四');
insert into Teacher values('03' , '王五');

成绩表 SC

create table SC(SId varchar(10),CId varchar(10),score decimal(18,1));
insert into SC values('01' , '01' , 80);
insert into SC values('01' , '02' , 90);
insert into SC values('01' , '03' , 99);
insert into SC values('02' , '01' , 70);
insert into SC values('02' , '02' , 60);
insert into SC values('02' , '03' , 80);
insert into SC values('03' , '01' , 80);
insert into SC values('03' , '02' , 80);
insert into SC values('03' , '03' , 80);
insert into SC values('04' , '01' , 50);
insert into SC values('04' , '02' , 30);
insert into SC values('04' , '03' , 20);
insert into SC values('05' , '01' , 76);
insert into SC values('05' , '02' , 87);
insert into SC values('06' , '01' , 31);
insert into SC values('06' , '03' , 34);
insert into SC values('07' , '02' , 89);
insert into SC values('07' , '03' , 98);

练习题目

1.查询" 01 "课程比" 02 "课程成绩高的学生的信息及课程分数

2.查询同时存在" 01 "课程和" 02 "课程的情况

3.查询存在" 01 "课程但可能不存在" 02 "课程的情况(不存在时显示为 null )

4.查询不存在" 01 "课程但存在" 02 "课程的情况

5.查询平均成绩大于等于 60 分的同学的学生编号和学生姓名和平均成绩

6.查询在 SC 表存在成绩的学生信息

7.查询所有同学的学生编号、学生姓名、选课总数、所有课程的总成绩(没成绩的显示为 null )

8.查有成绩的学生信息

9.查「李」姓老师的数量

10.查询学过「张三」老师授课的同学的信息

11.查询没有学全所有课程的同学的信息

12.查询至少有一门课与学号为" 01 "的同学所学相同的同学的信息

13.查询和" 01 "号的同学学习的课程 完全相同的其他同学的信息

14.查询没学过"张三"老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名

15.查询两门及其以上不及格课程的同学的学号,姓名及其平均成绩

16.检索" 01 "课程分数小于 60,按分数降序排列的学生信息

17.按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的所有课程的成绩以及平均成绩

18.查询各科成绩最高分、最低分和平均分:
以如下形式显示:课程 ID,课程 name,最高分,最低分,平均分,及格率,中等率,优良率,优秀率
及格为>=60,中等为:70-80,优良为:80-90,优秀为:>=90
要求输出课程号和选修人数,查询结果按人数降序排列,若人数相同,按课程号升序排列

19.按各科成绩进行排序,并显示排名, Score 重复时保留名次空缺

20.查询学生的总成绩,并进行排名,总分重复时保留名次空缺

21.查询学生的总成绩,并进行排名,总分重复时不保留名次空缺

22.统计各科成绩各分数段人数:课程编号,课程名称,[100-85],[85-70],[70-60],[60-0] 及所占百分比

23.查询各科成绩前三名的记录

24.查询每门课程被选修的学生数

25.查询出只选修两门课程的学生学号和姓名

26.查询男生、女生人数

27.查询名字中含有「风」字的学生信息

28.查询同名同性学生名单,并统计同名人数

29.查询 1990 年出生的学生名单

30.查询每门课程的平均成绩,结果按平均成绩降序排列,平均成绩相同时,按课程编号升序排列

31.查询平均成绩大于等于 85 的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩

32.查询课程名称为「数学」,且分数低于 60 的学生姓名和分数

33.查询所有学生的课程及分数情况(存在学生没成绩,没选课的情况)

34.查询任何一门课程成绩在 70 分以上的姓名、课程名称和分数

35.查询不及格的课程

36.查询课程编号为 01 且课程成绩在 80 分以上的学生的学号和姓名

37.求每门课程的学生人数

38.成绩不重复,查询选修「张三」老师所授课程的学生中,成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩

39.成绩有重复的情况下,查询选修「张三」老师所授课程的学生中,成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩

40.查询不同课程成绩相同的学生的学生编号、课程编号、学生成绩

41.查询每门功成绩最好的前两名

42.统计每门课程的学生选修人数(超过 5 人的课程才统计)。

43.检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号

44.查询选修了全部课程的学生信息

45.查询各学生的年龄,只按年份来算

46.按照出生日期来算,当前月日 < 出生年月的月日则,年龄减一

47.查询本周过生日的学生

48.查询下周过生日的学生

49.查询本月过生日的学生

50.查询下月过生日的学生

答案

1.查询" 01 "课程比" 02 "课程成绩高的学生的信息及课程分数

SELECT 
    s.*,
    a.score 语文,
    b.score 数学
FROM 
    student s,
    (SELECT * FROM sc WHERE sc.CId=01) a,
    (SELECT * FROM sc WHERE sc.CId=02) b
WHERE 
    s.SId=a.SId 
    AND 
    a.SId=b.SId 
    AND 
    a.score>b.score;
SELECT 
    *
FROM
    student s
RIGHT JOIN
    (SELECT a.SId,a.score 语文,b.score 数学
    FROM    
        (SELECT * FROM sc WHERE sc.CId=01) a,
        (SELECT * FROM sc WHERE sc.CId=02) b
    WHERE
        a.SId=b.SId
        AND
        a.score>b.score) c
ON
    s.SId=c.SId
SELECT 
    *
FROM
    (SELECT a.SId,a.score 语文,b.score 数学
    FROM    
        (SELECT * FROM sc WHERE sc.CId=01) a,
        (SELECT * FROM sc WHERE sc.CId=02) b
    WHERE
        a.SId=b.SId
        AND
        a.score>b.score) c
LEFT JOIN
    student s
ON
    s.SId=c.SId

2.查询同时存在" 01 "课程和" 02 "课程的情况

SELECT 
    * 
FROM 
    (SELECT * FROM sc WHERE sc.CId=01) a,
    (SELECT * FROM sc WHERE sc.CId=02) b
WHERE 
    a.SId=b.SId;
  1. 查询存在" 01 "课程但可能不存在" 02 "课程的情况(不存在时显示为 NULL )
SELECT
    *
FROM
    (SELECT * FROM sc WHERE sc.CId=01) a
LEFT JOIN
    (SELECT * FROM sc WHERE sc.CId=02) b
ON
    a.SId=b.SId
SELECT
    *
FROM
    (SELECT * FROM sc WHERE sc.CId=02) b
RIGHT JOIN
    (SELECT * FROM sc WHERE sc.CId=01) a
ON
    a.SId=b.SId

4.查询不存在" 01 "课程但存在" 02 "课程的情况

SELECT
    *
FROM
    sc
WHERE
    sc.SId NOT IN (SELECT SId FROM sc WHERE sc.CId=01)
    AND
    sc.CId=02

5.查询平均成绩大于等于 60 分的同学的学生编号和学生姓名和平均成绩

SELECT
    s.SId,
    s.Sname,
    AVG(sc.score) 平均分
FROM
    student s,
    sc
WHERE
    s.SId=sc.SId
GROUP BY
    sc.SId
HAVING
    AVG(sc.score)>60
    
SELECT s.SId,sname,a  平均分 
FROM 
    student s,
    (SELECT SId, AVG(score) a 
    FROM sc  
    GROUP BY SId 
    HAVING AVG(score)> 60) c
WHERE 
    s.SId = c.SId;

6.查询在 SC 表存在成绩的学生信息

SELECT
    DISTINCT
    s.*
FROM
    student s,
    sc
WHERE 
    sc.SId=s.SId

7.查询所有同学的学生编号、学生姓名、选课总数、所有课程的总成绩(没成绩的显示为 null )

SELECT
    s.SId,
    S.Sname,
    c.a 选课总数,
    c.b 总成绩
FROM
    student s
LEFT JOIN
    (SELECT
        sc.SId,
        COUNT(sc.CId) a,
        SUM(sc.score) b
    FROM
        sc
    GROUP BY
        sc.SId) c
ON
    s.SId=c.SId

8.查有成绩的学生信息

SELECT
    *
FROM
    student s
WHERE
    EXISTS
    (SELECT
        *
    FROM
        sc
    WHERE 
        s.SId=sc.SId)
SELECT
    *
FROM
    student s
WHERE
    s.SId
    IN
    (SELECT
        sc.SId
    FROM
        sc)

9.查「李」姓老师的数量

SELECT
    COUNT(TId)
FROM
    teacher
WHERE
    Tname
    LIKE
    '李%'

10.查询学过「张三」老师授课的同学的信息

SELECT
    s.*
FROM
    student s,sc,course c,teacher t
WHERE
    t.Tname='张三'
    AND
    t.TId=c.TId
    AND
    c.CId=sc.CId
    AND
    sc.SId=s.SId

11.查询没有学全所有课程的同学的信息

SELECT 
    * 
FROM
    student 
WHERE SId NOT IN 
    (SELECT 
        SId 
    FROM
        sc 
    GROUP BY SId)

12.查询至少有一门课与学号为" 01 "的同学所学相同的同学的信息

SELECT 
    * 
FROM
    student 
WHERE SId IN 
    (SELECT 
        SId 
    FROM
        sc 
    WHERE CId IN 
        (SELECT 
            CId 
        FROM
            sc 
        WHERE sc.SId = 01) 
        AND SId <> 01)

13.查询和" 01 "号的同学学习的课程 完全相同的其他同学的信息

SELECT 
    s.* 
FROM
    student s,
    (SELECT DISTINCT 
        SId 
    FROM
        sc 
    WHERE SId NOT IN 
        (SELECT 
            SId 
        FROM
            sc 
        WHERE CId NOT IN 
            (SELECT 
                CId 
            FROM
                sc 
            WHERE SId = 01)) 
        AND SId NOT IN 
        (SELECT 
            SId 
        FROM
            sc 
        GROUP BY SId 
        HAVING COUNT(CId) < 
            (SELECT 
                COUNT(CId) 
            FROM
                sc 
            WHERE SId = 01)) 
        AND SId <> 01) a 
WHERE s.SId = a.SId 

14.查询没学过"张三"老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名

SELECT 
    * 
FROM
    student 
WHERE SId NOT IN 
    (SELECT 
        SId 
    FROM
        teacher t,
        course c,
        sc 
    WHERE t.Tname = '张三' 
        AND t.TId = c.TId 
        AND c.TId = sc.CId)

15.查询两门及其以上不及格课程的同学的学号,姓名及其平均成绩

SELECT 
    s.*,
    c.a 平均分 
FROM
    student s,
    (SELECT 
        SId,
        AVG(score) a 
    FROM
        sc 
    WHERE SId IN 
        (SELECT 
            SId 
        FROM
            sc 
        WHERE score < 60 
        GROUP BY SId 
        HAVING COUNT(SId) > 1) 
    GROUP BY SId) c 
WHERE s.SId = c.SId 

16.检索" 01 "课程分数小于 60,按分数降序排列的学生信息

SELECT 
    s.*,
    sc.score 
FROM
    student s,
    sc 
WHERE s.SId = sc.SId 
    AND sc.CId = 01 
    AND sc.score < 60 
ORDER BY sc.score DESC 

17.按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的所有课程的成绩以及平均成绩

SELECT 
    sc.*,
    c.a 平均成绩 
FROM
    sc,
    (SELECT 
        SId,
        AVG(score) a 
    FROM
        sc 
    GROUP BY SId) c 
WHERE sc.SId = c.SId 
ORDER BY 平均成绩 DESC 

18.查询各科成绩最高分、最低分和平均分:
以如下形式显示:课程 ID,课程 name,最高分,最低分,平均分,及格率,中等率,优良率,优秀率
及格为>=60,中等为:70-80,优良为:80-90,优秀为:>=90
要求输出课程号和选修人数,查询结果按人数降序排列,若人数相同,按课程号升序排列

SELECT 
    sc.CId 课程ID,
    c.Cname 课程name,
    MAX(score) 最高分,
    MIN(score) 最低分,
    AVG(score) 平均分,
    SUM(
        CASE
            WHEN sc.score >= 60 
            THEN 1 
            ELSE 0 
        END
    ) / COUNT(*) 及格率,
    SUM(
        CASE
            WHEN sc.score >= 70 
            AND sc.score < 80 
            THEN 1 
            ELSE 0 
        END
    ) / COUNT(*) AS 中等率,
    SUM(
        CASE
            WHEN sc.score >= 80 
            AND sc.score < 90 
            THEN 1 
            ELSE 0 
        END
    ) / COUNT(*) AS 优良率,
    SUM(
        CASE
            WHEN sc.score >= 90 
            THEN 1 
            ELSE 0 
        END
    ) / COUNT(*) AS 优秀率 
FROM
    sc,
    course c 
WHERE sc.CId = c.CId 
GROUP BY sc.CId 
ORDER BY COUNT(*) DESC,
    sc.CId 

19.按各科成绩进行排序,并显示排名, Score 重复时保留名次空缺

SELECT 
    a.cid,
    a.sid,
    a.score,
    COUNT(b.score) + 1 rank 
FROM
    sc a 
    LEFT JOIN sc b 
        ON a.score < b.score 
        AND a.CId = b.CId 
GROUP BY a.CId,
    a.SId,
    a.score 
ORDER BY a.cid,
    rank ASC 

20.查询学生的总成绩,并进行排名,总分重复时保留名次空缺

SELECT a.sid,a.a 总成绩, COUNT(b.a)+1 排名 FROM
(SELECT sid,SUM(score) a FROM sc GROUP BY sid) a
LEFT JOIN
(SELECT sid,SUM(score) a FROM sc GROUP BY sid) b
ON a.a

21.查询学生的总成绩,并进行排名,总分重复时不保留名次空缺

SET @crank = 0 ;

SELECT 
    sid,
    总成绩,
    @crank := @crank + 1 rank 
FROM
    (SELECT 
        sid,
        SUM(score) 总成绩 
    FROM
        sc 
    GROUP BY sid 
    ORDER BY SUM(score) DESC) a 

22.统计各科成绩各分数段人数:课程编号,课程名称,[100-85],[85-70],[70-60],[60-0] 及所占百分比

SELECT c.cname, c.cid,
SUM(CASE WHEN sc.score<=100 AND sc.score>85 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/COUNT(*) "[100-85]",
SUM(CASE WHEN sc.score<=85 AND sc.score>70 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/COUNT(*) "[85-70]",
SUM(CASE WHEN sc.score<=70 AND sc.score>60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/COUNT(*) "[70-60]",
SUM(CASE WHEN sc.score<=60 AND sc.score>0 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/COUNT(*) "[60-0]"
FROM sc LEFT JOIN course c
ON sc.cid = c.cid
GROUP BY sc.cid;

23.查询各科成绩前三名的记录

SELECT 
    * 
FROM
    sc 
WHERE 
    (SELECT 
        COUNT(*) 
    FROM
        sc AS a 
    WHERE sc.cid = a.cid 
        AND sc.score < a.score) < 3 
ORDER BY cid ASC,
    sc.score DESC ;

SELECT 
    a.sid,
    a.cid,
    a.score 
FROM
    sc a 
    LEFT JOIN sc b 
        ON a.cid = b.cid 
        AND a.score < b.score 
GROUP BY a.cid,
    a.sid 
HAVING COUNT(b.cid) < 3 
ORDER BY a.cid ;

24.查询每门课程被选修的学生数

SELECT 
    cid 课程,
    COUNT(sid) 人数 
FROM
    sc 
GROUP BY cid 

25.查询出只选修两门课程的学生学号和姓名

SELECT 
    s.* 
FROM
    student s,
    sc 
WHERE s.sid = sc.sid 
GROUP BY sc.sid 
HAVING COUNT(sc.cid) = 2 

26.查询男生、女生人数

SELECT 
    Ssex 性别,
    COUNT(Ssex) 数量 
FROM
    student 
GROUP BY Ssex 

27.查询名字中含有「风」字的学生信息

SELECT 
    * 
FROM
    student 
WHERE Sname LIKE '%风%' 

28.查询同名同性学生名单,并统计同名人数

SELECT 
    Sname,
    COUNT(*) 
FROM
    student 
GROUP BY Sname 
HAVING COUNT(*) > 1 

29.查询 1990 年出生的学生名单

SELECT 
    sname 
FROM
    student 
WHERE YEAR(sage) = 1990 

30.查询每门课程的平均成绩,结果按平均成绩降序排列,平均成绩相同时,按课程编号升序排列

SELECT 
    c.cname,
    SUM(sc.score) / COUNT(sc.score) 平均成绩 
FROM
    sc,
    course c 
WHERE sc.CId = c.CId 
GROUP BY sc.CId 
ORDER BY 平均成绩 DESC, c.CId ASC 

31.查询平均成绩大于等于 85 的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩

SELECT 
    s.sid,
    s.sname,
    AVG(score) 平均成绩 
FROM
    student s,
    sc 
WHERE s.sid = sc.sid 
GROUP BY sid 
HAVING AVG(sc.score) >= 85 

32.查询课程名称为「数学」,且分数低于 60 的学生姓名和分数

SELECT 
    s.sname,
    sc.score 
FROM
    course c,
    sc,
    student s 
WHERE c.cid = sc.cid 
    AND sc.sid = s.sid 
    AND c.cname = '数学' 
    AND sc.score < 60 

33.查询所有学生的课程及分数情况(存在学生没成绩,没选课的情况)

SELECT 
    s.sname,
    sc.cid,
    sc.score 
FROM
    student s 
    LEFT JOIN sc 
        ON s.sid = sc.sid 

34.查询任何一门课程成绩在 70 分以上的姓名、课程名称和分数

SELECT 
    s.sname,
    c.cname,
    sc.score 
FROM
    student s,
    sc,
    course c 
WHERE s.sid = sc.sid 
    AND c.cid = sc.cid 
    AND sc.score > 70 

35.查询不及格的课程

SELECT DISTINCT 
    c.cname 课程 
FROM
    course c,
    sc 
WHERE c.cid = sc.cid 
    AND sc.score < 60 
SELECT 
    c.cname 课程 
FROM
    sc,
    course c 
WHERE sc.cid = c.cid 
    AND sc.score < 60 
GROUP BY sc.cid 

36.查询课程编号为 01 且课程成绩在 80 分以上的学生的学号和姓名

SELECT 
    s.sid,
    s.sname 
FROM
    student s,
    sc 
WHERE sc.sid = s.sid 
    AND sc.cid = 01 
    AND sc.score >= 80 

37.求每门课程的学生人数

SELECT 
    c.cname 课程,
    COUNT(sc.sid) 
FROM
    sc,
    course c 
WHERE c.cid = sc.cid 
GROUP BY sc.cid 

38.成绩不重复,查询选修「张三」老师所授课程的学生中,成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩

SELECT 
    s.*,
    sc.score 
FROM
    student s,
    sc,
    teacher t,
    course c 
WHERE s.sid = sc.sid 
    AND sc.cid = c.cid 
    AND c.tid = t.tid 
    AND t.tname = '张三' 
HAVING MAX(sc.score)
SELECT 
    s.*,
    sc.score 
FROM
    student s,
    sc,
    teacher t,
    course c 
WHERE s.sid = sc.sid 
    AND sc.cid = c.cid 
    AND c.tid = t.tid 
    AND t.tname = '张三' 
ORDER BY sc.score DESC 
LIMIT 1 

39.成绩有重复的情况下,查询选修「张三」老师所授课程的学生中,成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩

先修改原始数据

UPDATE 
    sc 
SET
    score = 90 
WHERE sid = "07" 
    AND cid = "02" ;
SELECT 
    s.*,
    sc.score,
    sc.cid 
FROM
    student s,
    teacher t,
    course c,
    sc 
WHERE t.tid = c.tid 
    AND sc.sid = s.sid 
    AND sc.cid = c.cid 
    AND t.tname = "张三" 
    AND sc.score = 
    (SELECT 
        MAX(sc.score) 
    FROM
        sc,
        student s,
        teacher t,
        course c 
    WHERE t.tid = c.tid 
        AND sc.sid = s.sid 
        AND sc.cid = c.cid 
        AND t.tname = "张三") ;

40.查询不同课程成绩相同的学生的学生编号、课程编号、学生成绩

SELECT 
    a.* 
FROM
    sc a 
    INNER JOIN sc b 
        ON a.sid = b.sid 
        AND a.cid != b.cid 
        AND a.score = b.score 
GROUP BY a.sid,
    a.cid 

41.查询每门功成绩最好的前两名

SELECT 
    a.* 
FROM
    sc a 
    LEFT JOIN sc b 
        ON a.cid = b.cid 
        AND a.score < b.score 
GROUP BY a.cid,
    a.sid 
HAVING COUNT(b.cid) < 2 
ORDER BY a.cid ASC 

42.统计每门课程的学生选修人数(超过 5 人的课程才统计)

SELECT 
    sc.cid 
FROM
    sc 
GROUP BY cid 
HAVING COUNT(*) > 5 

43.检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号

SELECT 
    sid 
FROM
    sc 
GROUP BY sid 
HAVING COUNT(*) >= 2 

44.查询选修了全部课程的学生信息

SELECT 
    s.* 
FROM
    student s,
    sc 
WHERE s.sid = sc.sid 
GROUP BY sid 
HAVING COUNT(sc.cid) = 
    (SELECT 
        COUNT(*) 
    FROM
        course)

45.查询各学生的年龄,只按年份来算

SELECT 
    sname,
    YEAR(NOW()) - YEAR(sage) 年龄 
FROM
    student 

46.按照出生日期来算,当前月日 < 出生年月的月日则,年龄减一

SELECT 
    sname,
    TIMESTAMPDIFF(YEAR,sage,NOW()) 年龄 
FROM
    student 

47.查询本周过生日的学生

SELECT 
    sname
FROM
    student 
WHERE
    WEEKOFYEAR(sage)=WEEKOFYEAR(NOW())

48.查询下周过生日的学生

SELECT 
    sname
FROM
    student 
WHERE
    WEEKOFYEAR(sage)=WEEKOFYEAR(NOW())+1

49.查询本月过生日的学生

SELECT 
    sname
FROM
    student 
WHERE
    MONTH(sage)=MONTH(NOW())

50.查询下月过生日的学生

SELECT 
    sname
FROM
    student 
WHERE
    MONTH(sage)=MONTH(NOW())+1

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