Streaming and covid-19 have entrenched anime's global popularity
流媒体和新冠巩固了动漫的全球人气
At first critics doubted that "Demon Slayer: Mugen Train", which hit American cinemas in April, could replicate the success it achieved in its Japanese home market.*** The animated feature is set in early-20th-century Japan, an unrelatable era for non-Japanese viewers. Defying the odds, the film raked in $19.5m during its opening weekend, breaking America's box-office record for a foreign-language debut.
起初,评论家们对四月在美国影院上映的《鬼灭之刃剧场版:无限列车篇》能否再现其在日本本土市场取得的成功表示怀疑。这部动画电影以 20 世纪初的日本为背景,对于日本以外的观众而言,这是一个毫不相干的年代。出人意料的是,这部电影在上映的首个周末就拿下了 1950 万美元的票房,打破了美国外语影片的首映纪录。
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For most of its history "anime" was little-known outside Japan. "Astro Boy", a tv series from 1963 that sparked the first anime boom, and subsequent hits like "Doraemon" and "Gundam", were watched mostly by otaku (geeks). Nerdy connotations limited their appeal at home.
在其发展的大部分阶段,“动漫”在日本以外的地方鲜为人知。无论是 1963 年在日本掀起首次动漫热潮的电视连续剧《铁臂阿童木》,还是后续推出的热门动漫如《哆啦 A 梦》和《机动战士高达》,它们的主要观众都是御宅族(极客)。阿宅的标签限制了它们在日本国内的吸引力。
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Now, gushes Muto Takashi, who runs Dentsu Japanimation Studio, "anime is no longer a subculture; it is a major culture." In 2019 anime-related revenues from tv, streaming and gaming rights, live entertainment, cinema tickets and merchandise sales hit ¥2.5trn. Figures for the pandemic year are scarce but are almost certainly higher. Netflix says that over 100m households around the world streamed at least one of its anime titles in 2020, 50% more than the year before.
电通日本动画工作室的负责人武藤隆史对该产业赞口不绝,他说,如今,“动漫不再是一种亚文化,而是一种主流文化”。2019 年,从电视、流媒体和游戏版权、现场娱乐表演、电影票和周边产品销售中获得的动漫相关的收入高达 2.5 万亿日元。2020 年的数据很少,但是几乎可以肯定会更高。网飞称,2020 年,全球超过 1 亿家庭至少在线观看过一部它的动漫,比前一年多 50%。
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The pandemic, which put many live-action shoots on ice, further increased the appeal of anime to streamers. Anime films are also relatively cheap to make.
疫情搁置了许多真人实景拍摄,但进一步加强了动漫对流媒体用户的吸引力。动漫电影的制作成本也相对更低。
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An obstacle to further growth may be flesh and blood. "The industry has struggled to nurture animators," says Iwaki Ayaka of the Tokyo-based wit Studio. The dwindling domestic talent pool could have trouble meeting rising demand. Good news for the animators, whose historically miserly wages may edge up. For anime fans around the world, not so much.
行业血肉(人力资源)的缺失可能会阻碍动漫产业的进一步发展。东京 WIT Studio 的岩木绫香(音)表示,“该行业在培养动画师方面比较困难。”日本国内动漫人才减少,难以满足日渐增长的市场需求。这对于动画师来说是个好消息,他们长期以来微薄的收入可能会逐渐上涨。但对于世界各地的动漫迷来说,就不是这回事了。
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主编:Raven、虾仁
品控:Raven
审核:夏天
重点词汇
entrench
/ɪnˈtrentʃ/
v. 使根深蒂固,牢固确立(尤指观念、问题)
相关词汇:trench(n. 沟渠;壕沟)
词根词缀:en-(表示“在……之中”)
例句:What risks being a lasting scar is, the inequalities that have been entrenched.(根深蒂固的不平等可能成为长期伤痕。——摘自鲍里斯·约翰逊在 G7 峰会上的致辞)
hit
/hɪt/
v. 到达
搭配短语:hit the cinemas / theaters(上映)
搭配短语:hit the market(出现在市场上,开始售卖)
搭配短语:hit the stores(出现在店里,上架)
备注:后文还会出现两次 hit,分别作名词和动词使用,可以留意一下它们的不同用法。
replicate
/ˈrep.lɪ.keɪt/
v. 复制;使复现
词根词缀:re-(表示“再次”)
词根词缀:plica(在拉丁语中表示 fold“折叠”)
例句:Viruses replicate themselves.
搭配短语:to replicate someone's success
defy the odds
出人意料(字面意思是“违抗可能性”)
相关词汇:defy(v. 违抗,反抗)
搭配短语:"Defying Gravity"(百老汇音乐剧《魔法坏女巫》中的名曲《抵抗引力》)
相关词汇:the odds(n. 机会,可能性)
rake in sth.
赚大钱,轻易赚(很多钱)
相关词汇:rake(v. 把……耙在一起)
词性拓展:rake(n. 耙)
nerdy
/ˈnɜːrdi/
adj. 像书呆子一样的
词根词缀:nerd(n. 痴迷于……的人;书呆子)
近义词:geek
搭配短语:a theater nerd(戏痴)
connotation
/ˌkɑː.nəˈteɪ.ʃən/
n. 内涵意义,联想意义
英文释义:something suggested by a word or thing
例句:The phrase "plum rain" has the connotations of humidity and discomfort.
gush
/ɡʌʃ/
v. 滔滔地说,感情充沛地说;(液体)喷涌,喷出
例句:Water gushed out of the pipe.(水从水管中喷出来。)
例句:Inspiration gushed out incessantly.(文思泉涌。)
相关词汇:incessantly(adv. 不停地,不间断地)
近义词:say
subculture
/ˈsʌbˌkʌl.tʃɚ/
n. 亚文化,小众文化
词根词缀:sub-(表示“次级,亚”)
相关词汇:subcontinent(n. 次大陆)
英文释义:a cultural group within a larger culture, often having beliefs or interests that are different from those of the larger culture
merchandise
/ˈmɝː.tʃən.daɪz/
n. 周边产品;商品,货物
搭配短语:official Marvel merchandise(漫威官方周边)
scarce
/skers/
adj. 稀有的,罕见的
反义词:abundant(adj. 充足的,丰富的)
例句:Food was scarce.
搭配短语:make oneself scarce((为避免麻烦)避开,溜走)
例句:I could see he was annoyed so I made myself scarce.
title
/ˈtaɪ.t̬əl/
n. 一部作品;标题,题目
be on ice
被搁置,暂缓
近义词:be delayed
flesh and blood
血与肉(文中指行业人才);只是血肉之躯,只是凡人
例句:Everyone makes mistakes — we're only flesh and blood.(人都会有七情六欲,都可能犯错。)
dwindle
/ˈdwɪn.dəl/
v. 减少,降低
例句:Resources dwindled.
例句:Their savings dwindled to nothing.
例句:Population dwindled.
talent pool
/ˈtælənt puːl/
n. 人才储备
相关词汇:talent(n. 有才华的人;才华)
miserly
/ˈmaɪ.zɚ.li/
adj. 极少的;吝啬的
相关词汇:miser(n. 吝啬鬼)
edge
/edʒ/
v.(使)慢慢移动
词性拓展:edge(n. 边缘)
搭配短语:edge up(逐渐上涨)