linux的yum指令,教你玩转Linux—yum 命令
yum( Yellow dog Updater, Modified)是一个在Fedora和RedHat以及SUSE中的Shell前端软件包管理器。
基於RPM包管理，能够从指定的
yum提供了查找、安装、删除某一个、一组甚至全部软件包的命令，而且命令简洁而又好记。
yum 语法
yum [options] [command] [package ...]
options：可选，选项包括-h(帮助)，-y(当安装过程提示选择全部为"yes")，-q(不显示安装的过程)等等。
command：要进行的操作。
package：操作的对象。
yum常用命令
1.列出所有可更新的软件清单命令：yum check-update
2.更新所有软件命令：yum update
3.仅安装指定的软件命令：yum install 4.仅更新指定的软件命令：yum update 5.列出所有可安裝的软件清单命令：yum list
6.删除软件包命令：yum remove 7.查找软件包 命令：yum search
8.清除缓存命令:
yum clean packages: 清除缓存目录下的软件包
yum clean headers: 清除缓存目录下的 headers
yum clean oldheaders: 清除缓存目录下旧的 headers
yum clean, yum clean all (= yum clean packages; yum clean oldheaders) :清除缓存目录下的软件包及旧的headers
实例 1
安装 pam-devel
[root@www ~]# yum install pam-devel
Setting up Install Process
Parsing package install arguments
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package pam-devel.i386 0:0.99.6.2-4.el5 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: pam = 0.99.6.2-4.el5 for package: pam-devel
--> Running transaction check
---> Package pam.i386 0:0.99.6.2-4.el5 set to be updated
filelists.xml.gz 100% |=========================| 1.6 MB 00:05
filelists.xml.gz 100% |=========================| 138 kB 00:00
-> Finished Dependency Resolution
……(省略)
实例 2
移除 pam-devel
[root@www ~]# yum remove pam-devel
Setting up Remove Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package pam-devel.i386 0:0.99.6.2-4.el5 set to be erased
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
=============================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=============================================================================
Removing:
pam-devel i386 0.99.6.2-4.el5 installed 495 k
Transaction Summary
=============================================================================
Install 0 Package(s)
Update 0 Package(s)
Remove 1 Package(s)
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Erasing : pam-devel ######################### [1/1]
Removed: pam-devel.i386 0:0.99.6.2-4.el5
Complete!
实例 3
利用 yum 的功能，找出以 pam 为开头的软件名称有哪些？
[root@www ~]# yum list pam*
Installed Packages
pam.i386 0.99.6.2-3.27.el5 installed
pam_ccreds.i386 3-5 installed
pam_krb5.i386 2.2.14-1 installed
pam_passwdqc.i386 1.0.2-1.2.2 installed
pam_pkcs11.i386 0.5.3-23 installed
pam_smb.i386 1.1.7-7.2.1 installed
Available Packages
pam.i386 0.99.6.2-4.el5 base
pam-devel.i386 0.99.6.2-4.el5 base
pam_krb5.i386 2.2.14-10 base