LED驱动程序框架

1. 字符设备驱动程序框架

LED驱动程序框架_第1张图片

2. 基于分层思想的LED驱动

2.1 把驱动拆分为通用的框架和具体的硬件操作

把驱动拆分为通用的框架(leddrv.c)、具体的硬件操作(board_X.c):
如图:
LED驱动程序框架_第2张图片

以面向对象的思想,改进代码

抽象出一个结构体:
在这里插入图片描述
每个单板相关的board_X.c实现自己的led_operations结构体,供上层的leddrv.c调用
LED驱动程序框架_第3张图片

2.2 驱动框架程序

驱动程序分为上下两层:leddrv.cboard_demo.c
leddrv.c负责注册file_operations结构体,它的open/write成员会调用board_demo.c中提供的硬件led_opr中的对应函数。
led_opr.h

#ifndef _LED_OPR_H
#define _LED_OPR_H

//把LED的操作抽象为这个结构体
struct led_operations {
	int (*init) (int which); /* 初始化LED, which-哪个LED */       
	int (*ctl) (int which, char status); /* 控制LED, which-哪个LED, status:1-亮,0-灭 */
};

struct led_operations *get_board_led_opr(void);

#endif

board_demo.c:头文件led_opr.h的实现

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include "led_opr.h"

/* 初始化LED, which-哪个LED */
static int board_demo_led_init (int which) 	   {
	printk("%s %s line %d, led %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, which);
	return 0;
}

/* 控制LED, which-哪个LED, status:1-亮,0-灭 */
static int board_demo_led_ctl (int which, char status) {
	printk("%s %s line %d, led %d, %s\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, which, status ? "on" : "off");
	return 0;
}

//含有led相关操作函数的结构体
static struct led_operations board_demo_led_opr = {
	.init = board_demo_led_init,
	.ctl  = board_demo_led_ctl,
};

struct led_operations *get_board_led_opr(void){
	return &board_demo_led_opr;
}

leddrv.c

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

#include "led_opr.h"

#define LED_NUM 2

/* 1. 确定主设备号                                                                 */
static int major = 0;
static struct class *led_class;
struct led_operations *p_led_opr;

#define MIN(a, b) (a < b ? a : b)

/* 3. 实现对应的open/read/write等函数,填入file_operations结构体                   */
static ssize_t led_drv_read (struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *offset){
	printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
	return 0;
}

/* write(fd, &val, 1); */
static ssize_t led_drv_write (struct file *file, const char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *offset){
	int err;
	char status;
	struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
	int minor = iminor(inode);
	
	printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
	err = copy_from_user(&status, buf, 1);

	/* 根据次设备号和status控制LED */
	p_led_opr->ctl(minor, status);
	
	return 1;
}

static int led_drv_open (struct inode *node, struct file *file){
	int minor = iminor(node);
	
	printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
	/* 根据次设备号初始化LED */
	p_led_opr->init(minor);
	
	return 0;
}

static int led_drv_close (struct inode *node, struct file *file){
	printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
	return 0;
}

/* 2. 定义自己的file_operations结构体                                              */
static struct file_operations led_drv = {
	.owner	 = THIS_MODULE,
	.open    = led_drv_open,
	.read    = led_drv_read,
	.write   = led_drv_write,
	.release = led_drv_close,
};

/* 4. 把file_operations结构体告诉内核:注册驱动程序                                */
/* 5. 谁来注册驱动程序啊?得有一个入口函数:安装驱动程序时,就会去调用这个入口函数 */
static int __init led_init(void){
	int err;
	int i;
	
	printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
	major = register_chrdev(0, "100ask_led", &led_drv);  /* /dev/led */

	led_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "100ask_led_class");
	err = PTR_ERR(led_class);
	if (IS_ERR(led_class)) {
		printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
		unregister_chrdev(major, "100ask_led");
		return -1;
	}

	for (i = 0; i < LED_NUM; i++)
		device_create(led_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, i), NULL, "100ask_led%d", i); /* /dev/100ask_led0,1,... */

	p_led_opr = get_board_led_opr();
	
	return 0;
}

/* 6. 有入口函数就应该有出口函数:卸载驱动程序时,就会去调用这个出口函数           */
static void __exit led_exit(void){
	int i;
	printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);

	for (i = 0; i < LED_NUM; i++)
		device_destroy(led_class, MKDEV(major, i)); /* /dev/100ask_led0,1,... */

	device_destroy(led_class, MKDEV(major, 0));
	class_destroy(led_class);
	unregister_chrdev(major, "100ask_led");
}


module_init(led_init);
module_exit(led_exit);

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

测试程序ledtest.c

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

/*
 * ./ledtest /dev/100ask_led0 on
 * ./ledtest /dev/100ask_led0 off
 */
int main(int argc, char **argv){
	int fd;
	char status;
	
	/* 1. 判断参数 */
	if (argc != 3) {
		printf("Usage: %s  \n", argv[0]);
		return -1;
	}

	/* 2. 打开文件 */
	fd = open(argv[1], O_RDWR);
	if (fd == -1){
		printf("can not open file %s\n", argv[1]);
		return -1;
	}

	/* 3. 写文件 */
	if (0 == strcmp(argv[2], "on")){
		status = 1;
		write(fd, &status, 1);
	}
	else{
		status = 0;
		write(fd, &status, 1);
	}
	
	close(fd);
	
	return 0;
}

makefile

# 1. 使用不同的开发板内核时, 一定要修改KERN_DIR
# 2. KERN_DIR中的内核要事先配置、编译, 为了能编译内核, 要先设置下列环境变量:
# 2.1 ARCH,          比如: export ARCH=arm64
# 2.2 CROSS_COMPILE, 比如: export CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu-
# 2.3 PATH,          比如: export PATH=$PATH:/home/book/100ask_roc-rk3399-pc/ToolChain-6.3.1/gcc-linaro-6.3.1-2017.05-x86_64_aarch64-linux-gnu/bin 
# 注意: 不同的开发板不同的编译器上述3个环境变量不一定相同,
#       请参考各开发板的高级用户使用手册

KERN_DIR = /home/book/100ask_roc-rk3399-pc/linux-4.4

all:
	make -C $(KERN_DIR) M=`pwd` modules 
	$(CROSS_COMPILE)gcc -o ledtest ledtest.c 

clean:
	make -C $(KERN_DIR) M=`pwd` modules clean
	rm -rf modules.order
	rm -f ledtest

# 参考内核源码drivers/char/ipmi/Makefile
# 要想把a.c, b.c编译成ab.ko, 可以这样指定:
# ab-y := a.o b.o
# obj-m += ab.o

# leddrv.c board_demo.c 编译成 100ask.ko
100ask_led-y := leddrv.o board_demo.o
obj-m	+= 100ask_led.o

在ubuntu系统上使用交叉编译工具链编译之后,将.ko文件和测试程序拷贝到网络文件系统中

cp 100ask_led.ko ledtest /home/book/nfs_rootfs/

启动开发板,将虚拟机中ubuntu系统的网络文件系统目录挂载到开发板上,192.168.3.54为ubuntu系统的ip

mount -t nfs -o nolock,vers=3 192.168.3.54:/home/book/nfs_rootfs /mnt

在 /mnt 目录下,装载驱动程序:

insmod 100ask_led.ko

在 /mnt 目录下,查看是否有该驱动程序:

cat  /proc/devices

在 /mnt 目录下,查看内核中加载的驱动程序:

lsmod
#或
lsmod | grep 100ask_led

在 /mnt 目录下,查看是否有主设备节点

ls  /dev/100ask_led*  -l

在 /mnt 目录下,执行测试程序:

./ledtest /dev/100ask_led0 on

在 /mnt 目录下,卸载驱动程序

rmmod 100ask_led

查看打印信息,在 /mnt 目录下:

dmesg

3. 具体单板

IMX6ULL开发板对应的board_demo.c

#include 

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

#include "led_opr.h"

static volatile unsigned int *CCM_CCGR1                              ;
static volatile unsigned int *IOMUXC_SNVS_SW_MUX_CTL_PAD_SNVS_TAMPER3;
static volatile unsigned int *GPIO5_GDIR                             ;
static volatile unsigned int *GPIO5_DR                               ;

/* 初始化LED, which-哪个LED */   
static int board_demo_led_init (int which){
    unsigned int val;

    //printk("%s %s line %d, led %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, which);
    if (which == 0){
        if (!CCM_CCGR1){
            CCM_CCGR1                               = ioremap(0x20C406C, 4);
            IOMUXC_SNVS_SW_MUX_CTL_PAD_SNVS_TAMPER3 = ioremap(0x2290014, 4);
            GPIO5_GDIR                              = ioremap(0x020AC000 + 0x4, 4);
            GPIO5_DR                                = ioremap(0x020AC000 + 0, 4);
        }
        
        /* GPIO5_IO03 */
        /* a. 使能GPIO5
         * set CCM to enable GPIO5
         * CCM_CCGR1[CG15] 0x20C406C
         * bit[31:30] = 0b11
         */
        *CCM_CCGR1 |= (3<<30);
        
        /* b. 设置GPIO5_IO03用于GPIO
         * set IOMUXC_SNVS_SW_MUX_CTL_PAD_SNVS_TAMPER3
         *      to configure GPIO5_IO03 as GPIO
         * IOMUXC_SNVS_SW_MUX_CTL_PAD_SNVS_TAMPER3  0x2290014
         * bit[3:0] = 0b0101 alt5
         */
        val = *IOMUXC_SNVS_SW_MUX_CTL_PAD_SNVS_TAMPER3;
        val &= ~(0xf);
        val |= (5);
        *IOMUXC_SNVS_SW_MUX_CTL_PAD_SNVS_TAMPER3 = val;
        
        
        /* b. 设置GPIO5_IO03作为output引脚
         * set GPIO5_GDIR to configure GPIO5_IO03 as output
         * GPIO5_GDIR  0x020AC000 + 0x4
         * bit[3] = 0b1
         */
        *GPIO5_GDIR |= (1<<3);
    }
    
    return 0;
}

static int board_demo_led_ctl (int which, char status) /* 控制LED, which-哪个LED, status:1-亮,0-灭 */
{
    //printk("%s %s line %d, led %d, %s\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, which, status ? "on" : "off");
    if (which == 0){
        if (status) /* on: output 0*/
        {
            /* d. 设置GPIO5_DR输出低电平
             * set GPIO5_DR to configure GPIO5_IO03 output 0
             * GPIO5_DR 0x020AC000 + 0
             * bit[3] = 0b0
             */
            *GPIO5_DR &= ~(1<<3);
        }
        else  /* off: output 1*/
        {
            /* e. 设置GPIO5_IO3输出高电平
             * set GPIO5_DR to configure GPIO5_IO03 output 1
             * GPIO5_DR 0x020AC000 + 0
             * bit[3] = 0b1
             */ 
            *GPIO5_DR |= (1<<3);
        }
    
    }
    return 0;
}

static struct led_operations board_demo_led_opr = {
    .num  = 1,
    .init = board_demo_led_init,
    .ctl  = board_demo_led_ctl,
};

struct led_operations *get_board_led_opr(void){
    return &board_demo_led_opr;
}

在芯片手册中确定的寄存器地址被称为物理地址,在Linux内核中无法直接使用。需要使用内核提供的ioremap把物理地址映射为虚拟地址,使用虚拟地址。

ioremap函数的使用:
原型:

#include 
void __iomem *ioremap(phys_addr_t offset, size_t size)

作用:把物理地址phys_addr开始的一段空间(大小为size),映射为虚拟地址;返回值是该段虚拟地址的首地址。

virt_addr  = ioremap(phys_addr, size);

实际上,它是按页(4096字节)进行映射的,是整页整页地映射的。

假设phys_addr = 0x10002,size=4,ioremap的内部实现是:
a. phys_addr按页取整,得到地址0x10000
b. size按页取整,得到4096
c. 把起始地址0x10000,大小为4096的这一块物理地址空间,映射到虚拟地址空间,
假设得到的虚拟空间起始地址为0xf0010000
d. 那么phys_addr = 0x10002对应的virt_addr = 0xf0010002

不再使用该段虚拟地址时,要执行iounmap函数:

iounmap(virt_addr)

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