短语介词与介词短语

介词

非常见介词

prep	means	example
like	像	Our English teacher looks like a professor. 【翻译】我们的英语老师看起来像一个教授
besides	除了……之外（还）	In order to learn English well, you need practice speaking English more often besides reading.

短语介词

短语介词就是由两个或几个词构成的短语。其作用相当与一个介词，其后接名词，宾格代词，动词的-ing形式等，构成较为复杂的介词短语。

连词+介词

phrase	means	example
because of	因为	We are very sorry to announce that your flight has been delayed because of the late arrival of the airplane.【翻译】由于飞机晚到的原因，起飞时间延迟，我们对此表示抱歉。
as for	就…方面说
as per	根据，按照	This 5G physical layer description is as per 3GPP physical layer specifications.【翻译】这里5G物理层描述依据3GPP物理层协议。
as to	至于
but for	要不是	But for your money, I would have starved. 【翻译】要不是你的钱，我就已经饿死。

介词+介词

phrase	means	example
along with	随着	The little boy comes to the city along with his parents.【翻译】这个小男孩随着他的父母来到这个城市。
except for	除了

介词+名词+介词

phrase	means	example
by way of	通过…方法
by means of	通过	We expressed our thanks by means of writing a letter.【翻译】我们通过写一封信来表达我们的感谢之情。
with/in regard to	对于，就 …… 而论，关于
with respect to 或 in respect of	就…来说
with expectation of	期待
with reference to	就…而论
in case of	以防，如果发生	In case of emergency.【翻译】紧急情况下
in charge of	掌管
in addition to	除了，除了…外
in honor of	为了表达对…的敬意
in front of	在…前面	If you want to throw up, use the paper bag in the seat back in front of you。【翻译】如果你要呕吐，可使用放在您前面座椅后背袋里的纸袋。
in place of	代替
in terms of	根据
in view of	考虑到
in advance of	比…进步
by reason of	由于
in hopes of	怀着…的希望	Nowadays a lot of farmers crowd into cities in hopes of looking for jobs.【翻译】现在，大量农民怀着寻找工作的希望涌进城市。
in fear of	由于害怕…
for fear of	唯恐
in favor of	支持
in answer to	为回答…
in defense of	保卫
in spite of	尽管	The little boy still came to school early in spite of his illness.【翻译】尽管生病了，这小男孩依然很早就来到学校。
in order to	为了（它的功能＝ to）

形容词 + 介词

phrase	means	example
regardless of	不论	Every student can take part in the activity regardless of boys or girls.【翻译】无论男孩或者女孩，每个学生都能参加这项活动。
due to	由于
owing to	由于	Owing to laziness, the boy failed to pass the test. 【翻译】由于懒惰，这个男孩考试不及格。
previous to	在…以前
speaking of	谈起	Speaking of school, how are your grades this term? 【翻译】谈起学校，你这学期成绩如何？
such as	例如，像，诸如…之类	Personal area network based technologies such as wifi, bluetooth and zigbee have been become predominant in our daily life.【翻译】基于wifi，蓝牙和zigbee等技术的个人局域网在我们的日常生活中已占据主导地位。

副词+介词

phrase	means	example
apart from	除了…之外还有;除了	I bought some English books apart from several pens yesterday.【翻译】昨天，除了几支钢笔，我还买了几本英语书。
ahead of	在…之前	You should make a preparation for the travel ahead of Wednesday.【翻译】你应该在星期三之前为这趟旅行做好准备。
away from	远离
close to	离……近	Could you please arrange a table close to the window for us?【翻译】可不可以给我们安排个靠窗的座位？
instead of	代替
out of	在…外
next to	紧邻，在…近旁	The nearest one is next to the Starbucks.【翻译】最近的一家在星巴克咖啡厅隔壁。
together with	和…一起
according to	根据，按照
up to	胜任，直到，取决于	Take that elevator up to the second floor.【翻译】您乘坐前面那个电梯到达二楼。

介词+the+名词+介词

phrase	means	example
for the purpose of	为了
in the charge of	由…掌管	Now the large company is in the charge of a young man. 【翻译】现在这家大公司由一个年轻人掌管。
in the care of	就…来说	In the case of housework, Mr Zhang has never done anything.【翻译】就家务来说，张先生从来不做些什么。
at the expense of	以…为代价	A rich businessman bought that old house at the expense of ten million yuan.【翻译】一位富商以1000万元买下那间旧房子。
at the back of	在…的后面
at the mercy of	在…的支配下
by the side of	在…附近
by the end of	在…之前
in the hope of	怀着…的期望
on the point of	正要…的时候
under the control of	在…的控制之下
with the expectation of	带着…的希望	A large number of students come to our school with the expectation of going to college.【翻译】很多学生带着上大学的希望而来到我们学校。
at the risk of	冒着…的风险
at the sight of	一见到…就
at the top of	在…的上面
by the time of	到…的时候已经
at the end of	在…的末端
at the foot of	在…的脚下
on the ground of	根据
in the head of	居于…首位
in the middle of	在…中间
with the object of	以…为目的

介词短语

介词短语，由“介词（或者短语介词）+宾语”构成，能充当介词宾语的主要有名词，宾格代词，动词的-ing形式等，介词短语在句中可作表语、定语和状语。

介词+宾语

phrase	means	example
by the way	顺便说，顺便问一下	Oh, by the way, I’m traveling with my friend. Could you give us two adjacent seats?【翻译】哦，另外，我和我朋友是一起出行的，能不能把我俩安排到一起？
in most cases	大多数情况下
of course	当然
as well	也，同样（起副词作用，其语气相当于too或also，常和and，but等词连用，放在句尾）	I like John and I like his wife as well. 【翻译】我喜欢约翰，也喜欢他妻子。
by contrast	比较起来	By contrast, China is a little larger than the U.S.A. 【翻译】比较起来，中国比美国稍大。
in time	在恰好的时候	My flight is at 3 pm. I’m not sure whether I can catch it in time.【翻译】我要乘坐下午3点的航班，不知道能不能赶上。

短语介词+宾语

介词+形容词

英语中有一类特殊的介词短语，它的介词宾语由形容词充当。这类介词短语数据有限，很对属于固定搭配。

phrase	means	example
at large	在逃的，未受控制的	Two of the escaped prisoners are still at large.【翻译】两个越狱犯依然逍遥法外。
	（用于名词之后）整个，全部	We must listen to the opinion of the public at large before making any decision.【翻译】在作任何决定前，我们必须先听听大众的意见。
far from + 形容词	几乎相反，远非	It is far from clear what they intend to do.【翻译】他们打算怎么做一点也不清楚。
		By present-day standards, however, it was far from satisfactory for writing. For one thing, the graphite’s hardness could not be changed.【翻译】然而，按照今天的标准，它还远未达到书写的要求。比如说当时石墨的硬度是不能改变的。
for certain / sure	无疑，肯定	I think he will be back on Monday, but I can’t say for certain.【翻译】我想他周一会回来，不过我不敢肯定。
		One thing is for sure —— it is not going to be easy.【翻译】有一点可以肯定，事情不会很容易。
for better or (for) worse	不管怎么样，无论好歹	For better or for worse, I changed my mind and decided to go with them.【翻译】不管结果怎样，我改变了主意，还是决定跟他们一起去。
	表示相同意义的短语还有for good or ill，但不常用
for good (and all)	永远，永久	He says he’s quite happy and contented here. He’s hit the beach for good.【翻译】他说他在这儿过得称心如意，他打算在海滩上过一辈子。
		We have separated from each other before, but I think it is for good this time.【翻译】我们以前分开过，但我觉得这一次要永远分开了。
in brief	简言之，简明扼要地	They failed to reach any agreement. In brief, the meeting is a disaster.【翻译】他们没能达成任何协议。总之，那会议糟透了。
in full	全额地，全数地	The money must be paid in full by the last day of this month.【翻译】这笔钱必须在本月内如数交付。
	全文地，未加缩略地	The minister’s speech was published in full in all the papers yesterday.【翻译】外交部长的演说昨天全文刊载在各家报纸上。
in general	通常，大体上	In general, Japanese cars are very reliable and breakdowns are rare.【翻译】日本汽车通常是很可靠的，发生故障的情况极少。
	总的来说，从总体上看	This is a crucial year for your relationships in general and your love life in particular.【翻译】这一年总体上对你们的关系，特别是对你们的爱情生活非常关键。
in private	私下地，在无外人在场的情况下	Is there somewhere wo can discuss this in private?【翻译】有没有什么地方能让我们单独谈谈这件事。
in public	公开地，在别人面前	She doesn’t like to be seen in public without her make-up on.【翻译】她不愿意未化妆就公开露面。
in short	总之，一句话	In short, finishing the job is not as easy as you think.【翻译】总之，完成这项工作不是你想象的那么简单。
in vain	徒劳无益地（的），白费力气地（的）。用作状语或表语	Many hands make light work. They tried in vain to persuade her to help.【翻译】人多好办事。他们极力劝说她帮忙，却是徒然。
		Disappointingly, all our efforts are in vain.【翻译】令人失望的是，我们的所有努力都付诸东流了。
less than + 形容词	根本不，一点儿也不	It was I who carried all these bags. The receptionist was less than helpful.【翻译】这些包都是我搬的。那接待员一点都不帮忙。
		Doctors have been less than successful in treating this condition.【翻译】在治疗这种病上，医生们就一直没有成功过。
of late	最近，近来。相当于lately或recently	The diplomatic relationship between these two countries has been improved a lot of late.【翻译】这两个国家之间的外交关系近来有很大改善。
of old	在往昔，从以前	I know him of old but we seldom meet.【翻译】我认识他很久了，只是很少见面。
介词as + 形容词	构成的介词短语可以用于某些表示判定意义的动词之后，该形容词充当判定动词受动者的补语，同时也是介词as的宾语。	I consider / regard it as preferable / necessary.【翻译】我认为这样更好/必要。
		I see it as quite possible.【翻译】我看这很有可能。
		The rules strike me as comical.【翻译】我认为这些规矩很可笑。
		She was assumed / counted as dead.【翻译】人们认为她死了。
		She had taken it as established that he and she would spend the evening together.【翻译】他原以为他要和她一起度过个晚上，这是确定下来的。
		The division of domestic duties between males and females is accepted as wholly given.【翻译】男女之间家务的分工被认为完全是既定的。

介词短语功能

介词短语的功能，相当于一个形容词或者副词的功能，我们知道，形容词可以作表语和作定语，介词短语也可以作表语和定语；副词可以作状语，介词短语也可以作状语。

介词短语作表语

介词短语作表语，指介词短语用于连系动词之后，补充说明主语的样子、性质、状态、成分、特征或方位等。如：
A cat is in the tree. 树上有只猫。
Sam is from the US. Sam 来自美国。
Your house is on fire. 你的房子着火了。
The airport wasn’t in use before 1987. 这座机场在1987年之前没有投入使用。

介词短语作定语

介词短语做定语，只能放在名词或代词之后，起形容词的作用，比如：
the girl with blonde hair：金发女孩
the boys from the US：来自美国的男孩子们
the sheep in front of the tree：树前的绵羊
the teacher with a hat：戴帽子的老师
the women in the car：汽车里的女人们
请注意以上短语，名词前往往有个the，因为这个名词受到了限定–被后面的介词短语指定。

介词短语作状语

作状语的介词短语可以表示原因、让步、条件、比较、时间、地点、方位和范围等，修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，起副词的作用，如：
She looked at me in surprise. 她吃惊地看着我。
He looked up with a shock.他吃惊地抬起头来。
We were checked over in turn. 我们依次接受检查。

参考：
https://www.ixueshu.com/document/ece2b9972597adff318947a18e7f9386.html
https://wenku.baidu.com/view/a06f642eb80d6c85ec3a87c24028915f804d84cc.html
https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%BB%8B%E8%AF%8D%E7%9F%AD%E8%AF%AD