Oracle行转列(pivot)和Oracle列转行(unpivot)

        行变列,列变行在生成报表的时候经常遇到,行变列叫做"Pivot”, 反之叫做"Unpivot”。 在Oracle11g之前,一般都是通过case来实现,但是Oracle11g及其以后直接支持PIVOT和UNPIVOT的操作。

pivot

        语法:

        

SELECT * FROM (元数据)
PIVOT 
(
 SUM(Score/*行转列后 列的值*/) FOR 
 coursename/*需要行转列的列*/ IN (转换后列的值)
)

for 可以看成循环,for前是行转列后显示的值(这里必须使用聚合函数),for后是循环的字段(一般是有限的固定值,如字典等) in (里是对for后的循环字段处理,比如起别名,做运算等)

         之前写sql的处理方式,遇到放在一起显示成一行的数据时,都是使用left join...连接成一条记录显示,这样效率不仅低而且sql看起来还很乱,如下所示:想将数据表按照数据来源统计求和

SELECT
        to_char(to_date(t1.tjrq,'yyyymmdd'),'yyyy"年"mm"月"dd"日"') tjrq,
        nvl ( t1.ztrs, 0 ) yjjj,
        nvl ( t2.ztrs, 0 ) qyxf,
        nvl ( t3.ztrs, 0 ) dgmhs
from
    (SELECT tjrq,sum( ztrs ) ztrs FROM ( SELECT zrq, sjly, tjrq, min( ztrs ) ztrs FROM                                 
    A GROUP BY zrq, sjly, tjrq )
    where tjrq BETWEEN '20220814' and '20220914' and sjly='页面' GROUP BY sjly,tjrq) t1 
left join
    (SELECT tjrq,sum( ztrs ) ztrs FROM ( SELECT zrq, sjly, tjrq, min( ztrs ) ztrs FROM A         
     GROUP BY zrq, sjly, tjrq )
     where tjrq BETWEEN '20220814' and '20220914' and sjly='接口' GROUP BY sjly,tjrq) t2 on         
     t1.tjrq=t2.tjrq 
left join
     (SELECT tjrq,sum( ztrs ) ztrs FROM ( SELECT zrq, sjly, tjrq, min( ztrs ) ztrs FROM A     
     GROUP BY zrq, sjly, tjrq )
     where tjrq BETWEEN '20220814' and '20220914' and sjly='导入' GROUP BY sjly,tjrq) t3 on         
     t2.tjrq=t3.tjrq
order by t1.tjrq desc

虽说结果也是正确的,但无疑不是最优方案

使用pivot改造

select 
    to_char(to_date(tjrq,'yyyymmdd'),'yyyy"年"mm"月"dd"日"') tjrq,
    nvl ( yjjj, 0 ) yjjj,
    nvl ( qyxf, 0 ) qyxf,
    nvl ( dgmhs, 0 ) dgmhs
from 
(
	select sjly,tjrq,sum(ztrs) ztrs from (SELECT zrq, sjly,tjrq, min( ztrs ) ztrs FROM         
    A GROUP BY zrq, sjly ,tjrq) group by sjly,tjrq
) 
pivot (max(ztrs) for sjly in ('页面' as yjjj,'接口' as qyxf,'导入' as dgmhs))
where tjrq BETWEEN '20220814' and '20220914'
order by tjrq desc

教程例子:贴图助理解

Oracle行转列(pivot)和Oracle列转行(unpivot)_第1张图片

Oracle行转列(pivot)和Oracle列转行(unpivot)_第2张图片

 unpivot

        列转行,就是将一行结果拆成多行显示

语法:

select 字段 from 数据集
unpivot(自定义列名/*列的值*/ for 自定义列名 in(列名))

如上图

可以使用union 或者union all 

Oracle行转列(pivot)和Oracle列转行(unpivot)_第3张图片

 

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