【英语语法】1-3 词类和句子成分,语法和词汇的关系

词类

名词 动词 形容词 副词 代词 数词 冠词 介词 连词 感叹词

句子成分

主语 谓语 宾语 定语 状语 补语 表语

  • 实词:做句子成分;
  • 虚词:不做句子成分;+其他词性=句子某种成分

词类和句子成分之间的关系

词类 句子成分
名词 主语 宾语 定语 表语 补语
动词 谓语
形容词 定语 补语 表语
副词 状语 表语

主语

主语表明句子中说的是谁或是什么。

  1. told us an interesting story.(名词)
  2. love our motherland.(代词)
  3. is nine.(数词)
  4. is a good exercise.(动名词)
  5. is to believe(动词不定式)
  6. is more practice.(从句)

定语

主要由形容词担任,此外,名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、分词、定语从句等也可充当定语。

  1. His words moved everyone .(形容词修饰不定代词)
  2. This is a bridge.(名词作定语)
  3. His father is maths teacher.(代词作定语)
  4. We belong to the world.(数次作定语)
  5. We should have told us if there was anything .(副词作定语)
  6. Yesterday the scientist madde a report .(介词短语作定语)
  7. Do you have anythong more .(不定式作定语)
  8. Do you know the number of books ?(过去分词短语作定语)
  9. dogs seldom bitm.(现在分词作定语)
  10. He is a man .(定语从句作定语)

词汇&语法?

英语中有词汇词(lexical word)和语法词(grammatical word)。
“实词”或“词汇词”起表意作用;
“虚词”或“语法词”起语法的作用。

举例

  • tree
  • run
  • pretty
  • quickly
  • happiness
  • contribute
  • ambitious
  • cordially
  • of
  • and

1-10意义越来越虚

根据动词分类句子

  1. enjoy 的语法型式(grammatical pattern)
    enjoy+onself/doing/sth.
  • I enjoyed myself at the party.对
  • They enjoy running in the evening.对
  • We enjoyed the film very much.对
  • He enjoyed them very much at the party.(×)
  • She enjoyed that the food at the party was delicious.(×)
  1. deprive和deny两个词的语法型式
    deprie(剥夺)
    V sb of sth
    deny(剥夺)
    V sb sth;V sth to sb
  • We deprived them of access to the information.对
  • We deprived them access to the information.(×)
  • We denied them access to the information. 对
  • We denied access to the information to them.对
  • We denied them of access to the information.(×)

很多语法是附着在词汇上的!!!!

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