延迟队列是用来存放需要在指定时间被处理的元素的队列。队列内部是有序的,最重要的特性就体现在它的延时属性上。
使用场景:订单在十分钟之内未支付则自动取消。
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqpartifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webartifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-testartifactId>
<scope>testscope>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibabagroupId>
<artifactId>fastjsonartifactId>
<version>2.0.19version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombokgroupId>
<artifactId>lombokartifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.springfoxgroupId>
<artifactId>springfox-swagger2artifactId>
<version>2.9.2version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.springfoxgroupId>
<artifactId>springfox-swagger-uiartifactId>
<version>2.9.2version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.amqpgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-rabbit-testartifactId>
<scope>testscope>
dependency>
package com.ql.springbootrabbitmq.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import springfox.documentation.builders.ApiInfoBuilder;
import springfox.documentation.service.ApiInfo;
import springfox.documentation.service.Contact;
import springfox.documentation.spi.DocumentationType;
import springfox.documentation.spring.web.plugins.Docket;
import springfox.documentation.swagger2.annotations.EnableSwagger2;
@Configuration
@EnableSwagger2
public class SwaggerConfig {
@Bean
public Docket webApiConfig(){
return new Docket(DocumentationType.SWAGGER_2)
.groupName("webApi")
.apiInfo(webApiInfo())
.select()
.build();
}
private ApiInfo webApiInfo(){
return new ApiInfoBuilder()
.title("rabbitmq接口文档")
.description("本文档描述了rabbitmq微服务接口定义")
.version("1.0")
.contact(new Contact("admin123", "http://www.ql.com", "[email protected]"))
.build();
}
}
创建两个队列QA和QB,两者队列TTL分别设置为10S和40S,然后在创建一个交换机X和死信交换机Y,它们类型都是direct,创建一个死信队列QD,绑定关系如下图
配置文件类
package com.ql.springbootrabbitmq.config;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* TTL队列 配置文件类代码
*/
@Configuration
public class TtlQueueConfig {
//普通交换机名称
public static final String X_EXCHANGE = "X";
//死信交换机名称
public static final String Y_DEAD_LETTER_EXCHANGE = "Y";
//普通队列名称
public static final String QUEUE_A = "QA";
public static final String QUEUE_B = "QB";
//死信队列名称
public static final String DEAD_LETTER_QUEUE = "QD";
//声明xExchange
@Bean("xExchange")
public DirectExchange xExchange(){
return new DirectExchange(X_EXCHANGE);
}
//声明yExchange
@Bean("yExchange")
public DirectExchange yExchange(){
return new DirectExchange(Y_DEAD_LETTER_EXCHANGE);
}
//声明普通队列TTL为10s
@Bean("queueA")
public Queue queueA(){
Map<String, Object> arguments = new HashMap<>(3);
//设置死信交换机
arguments.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", Y_DEAD_LETTER_EXCHANGE);
//设置死信RoutingKey
arguments.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key", "YD");
//设置TTL 单位ms
arguments.put("x-message-ttl", 10000);
return QueueBuilder.durable(QUEUE_A).withArguments(arguments).build();
}
//声明普通队列TTL为40s
@Bean("queueB")
public Queue queueB(){
Map<String, Object> arguments = new HashMap<>(3);
//设置死信交换机
arguments.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", Y_DEAD_LETTER_EXCHANGE);
//设置死信RoutingKey
arguments.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key", "YD");
//设置TTL 单位ms
arguments.put("x-message-ttl", 40000);
return QueueBuilder.durable(QUEUE_B).withArguments(arguments).build();
}
//声明死信队列
@Bean("queueD")
public Queue queueD(){
return QueueBuilder.durable(DEAD_LETTER_QUEUE).build();
}
//绑定
@Bean
public Binding queueABindingX(@Qualifier("queueA") Queue queueA,
@Qualifier("xExchange") DirectExchange xExchange){
return BindingBuilder.bind(queueA).to(xExchange).with("XA");
}
@Bean
public Binding queueBBindingX(@Qualifier("queueB") Queue queueB,
@Qualifier("xExchange") DirectExchange xExchange){
return BindingBuilder.bind(queueB).to(xExchange).with("XB");
}
@Bean
public Binding queueDBindingY(@Qualifier("queueD") Queue queueD,
@Qualifier("yExchange") DirectExchange yExchange){
return BindingBuilder.bind(queueD).to(yExchange).with("YD");
}
}
生产者
package com.ql.springbootrabbitmq.controller;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.util.Date;
/**
* 发送延迟消息
*/
@Slf4j
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/ttl")
public class SendMsgController {
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
//开始发消息
@GetMapping("/sendMsg/{message}")
public void sendMsg(@PathVariable String message){
log.info("当前时间:{},发送一条消息给两个TTL队列:{}",new Date().toString(), message);
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("X", "XA", "消息来自ttl为10s的队列:"+message);
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("X", "XB", "消息来自ttl为40s的队列:"+message);
}
}
消费者
package com.ql.springbootrabbitmq.consumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.amqp.RabbitProperties;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.Date;
/**
* 队列TTL 消费者
*/
@Slf4j
@Component
public class DeadLetterQueueConsumer {
//接收消息
@RabbitListener(queues = "QD")
public void receiveD(Message message, Channel channel ){
String msg = new String(message.getBody());
log.info("当前时间:{},收到死信队列的消息:{}", new Date().toString(), msg);
}
}
运行项目,浏览器输入http://localhost:8080/ttl/sendMsg/哈哈哈 测试
新增一个队列QC,绑定关系如下,该队列不设置TTL时间
配置类添加代码如下
//普通队列名称
public static final String QUEUE_C = "QC";
//声明普通队列 不设TTL
@Bean("queueC")
public Queue queueC(){
Map<String, Object> arguments = new HashMap<>(2);
//设置死信交换机
arguments.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", Y_DEAD_LETTER_EXCHANGE);
//设置死信RoutingKey
arguments.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key", "YD");
return QueueBuilder.durable(QUEUE_C).withArguments(arguments).build();
}
@Bean
public Binding queueCBindingX(@Qualifier("queueC") Queue queueC,
@Qualifier("xExchange") DirectExchange xExchange){
return BindingBuilder.bind(queueC).to(xExchange).with("XC");
}
生产者增加发有延迟时间的消息的接口代码
//开始发消息 发TTL
@GetMapping("/sendExpirationMsg/{message}/{ttlTime}")
public void sendExpirationMsg(@PathVariable("message") String message,
@PathVariable("ttlTime") String ttlTime){
log.info("当前时间:{},发送一条时长是{}毫秒TTL信息给队列QC:{}",
new Date().toString(),ttlTime,message);
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("X","XC",message,msg -> {
//发送消息的时候的延迟时长
msg.getMessageProperties().setExpiration(ttlTime);
return msg;
});
}
运行测试,浏览器依次访问如下连接
http://localhost:8080/ttl/sendExpirationMsg/延迟二十秒消息/20000
http://localhost:8080/ttl/sendExpirationMsg/延迟两秒信息/2000
结果2秒的未被先收到,说明RabbitMQ只会检查第一个消息是否过期,如果第一个消息的延时时长很长,而第二个消息的延时时长很短,第二个消息并不会优先得到执行。
从官网https://www.rabbitmq.com/community-plugins.html
下载rabbitmq_delayed_message_exchange插件(注意下载跟RabbitMQ一致的版本),然后放到 RabbitMQ 的安装目录下的 plugins 目录 /usr/lib/rabbitmq/lib/rabbitmq_server-3.10.0/plugins 下,然后执行
rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_delayed_message_exchange
然后重启 RabbitMQ ,浏览器访问管理界面
http://192.168.1.130:15672/ 在新增交换机时,多了一个 x-delayed-message 类型
之前是基于死信队列的延迟属性实现延迟队列,存在多个延迟消息时只会检查第一个消息是否过期的问题。
那么现在基于插件,使得交换机延迟发给队列。
编写配置类
package com.ql.springbootrabbitmq.config;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.CustomExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
@Configuration
public class DelayedQueueConfig {
//队列
public static final String DELAYED_QUEUE_NAME = "delayed.queue";
//交换机
public static final String DELAYED_EXCHANGE_NAME = "delayed.queue";
//routingKey
public static final String DELAYED_ROUTING_KEY = "delayed.routingKey";
//声明交换机 基于插件的
@Bean
public CustomExchange delayedExchange(){
Map<String, Object> arguments = new HashMap<>();
arguments.put("x-delayed-type","direct");
/**
* 1.交换机的名称
* 2.交换机的类型
* 3.是否需要持久化
* 4.是否需要自动删除
* 5.其他的参数
*/
return new CustomExchange(DELAYED_EXCHANGE_NAME, "x-delayed-message",
true, false, arguments);
}
//声明队列
@Bean
public Queue delayedQueue(){
return new Queue(DELAYED_QUEUE_NAME);
}
//绑定
@Bean
public Binding delayedQueueBindingDelayedExchange(
@Qualifier("delayedQueue") Queue delayedQueue,
@Qualifier("delayedExchange") CustomExchange delayedExchange
){
return BindingBuilder.bind(delayedQueue).to(delayedExchange).with(DELAYED_ROUTING_KEY).noargs();
}
}
编写生产者
//开始发消息 基于插件的 消息 及 延迟的时间
@GetMapping("/sendDelayMsg/{message}/{delayTime}")
public void sendDelayMsg(@PathVariable String message,
@PathVariable Integer delayTime){
log.info("当前时间:{},发送一条时长是{}毫秒信息给延迟队列:{}",
new Date().toString(),delayTime,message);
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(DelayedQueueConfig.DELAYED_EXCHANGE_NAME,
DelayedQueueConfig.DELAYED_ROUTING_KEY,message, msg -> {
//发送消息的时候的延迟时长 单位ms
msg.getMessageProperties().setDelay(delayTime);
return msg;
});
}
编写消费者
package com.ql.springbootrabbitmq.consumer;
import com.ql.springbootrabbitmq.config.DelayedQueueConfig;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.Date;
/**
* 消费者 基于插件的延迟消息
*/
@Slf4j
@Component
public class DelayQueueConsumer {
//接收消息
@RabbitListener(queues = DelayedQueueConfig.DELAYED_QUEUE_NAME)
public void receiveDelayQueue(Message message){
String msg = new String(message.getBody());
log.info("当前时间:{},收到死信队列的消息:{}", new Date().toString(), msg);
}
}
运行测试,浏览器依次访问如下连接
http://localhost:8080/ttl/sendDelayMsg/延迟二十秒消息/20000
http://localhost:8080/ttl/sendDelayMsg/延迟两秒信息/2000
这次符合预期。
在生产环境中由于一些不明原因,导致RabbitMQ 重启,在 RabbitMQ 重启期间生产者消息投递失败,导致消息丢失,需要手动处理和恢复。那么,如何才能进行 RabbitMQ 的消息可靠投递呢?
package com.ql.springbootrabbitmq.config;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
/**
* 配置类 发布确认(高级)
*/
@Configuration
public class ConfirmConfig {
//交换机
public static final String CONFIRM_EXCHANGE_NAME = "confirm_exchange";
//队列
public static final String CONFIRM_QUEUE_NAME = "confirm_queue";
//RoutingKey
public static final String CONFIRM_ROUTING_KEY = "key1";
//声明交换机
@Bean
public DirectExchange confirmExchange(){
return new DirectExchange(CONFIRM_EXCHANGE_NAME);
}
@Bean
public Queue confirmQueue(){
return QueueBuilder.durable(CONFIRM_QUEUE_NAME).build();
}
//绑定
@Bean
public Binding queueBindingExchange(@Qualifier("confirmQueue") Queue confirmQueue,
@Qualifier("confirmExchange")DirectExchange confirmExchange){
return BindingBuilder.bind(confirmQueue).to(confirmExchange).with(CONFIRM_ROUTING_KEY);
}
}
生产者
package com.ql.springbootrabbitmq.controller;
import com.ql.springbootrabbitmq.config.ConfirmConfig;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
/**
* 开始发消息 测试确认
*/
@Slf4j
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/confirm")
public class ProducerController {
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
//发消息
@GetMapping("/sendMessage/{message}")
public void sendMessage(@PathVariable String message){
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(ConfirmConfig.CONFIRM_EXCHANGE_NAME,
ConfirmConfig.CONFIRM_ROUTING_KEY, message);
log.info("发送消息内容:{}",message);
}
}
消费者
package com.ql.springbootrabbitmq.consumer;
import com.ql.springbootrabbitmq.config.ConfirmConfig;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/**
* 接收消息
*/
@Slf4j
@Component
public class Consumer {
@RabbitListener(queues = ConfirmConfig.CONFIRM_QUEUE_NAME)
public void receiveConfirmMessage(Message message){
String msg = new String(message.getBody());
log.info("接收到的队列confirm.queue消息:{}",msg);
}
}
运行测试,浏览器访问http://localhost:8080/confirm/sendMessage/哈哈哈
回调接口
需要在配置文件添加
spring.rabbitmq.publisher-confirm-type=correlated
该配置有以下几个参数值
none 默认值,禁用发布确认模式
correlated 发布消息成功到交换机会触发回调方法
simple 经测试有两种效果,其一效果和 correlated 值一样会触发回调方法;其二在发布消息成功后使用 rabbitTemplate 调用 waitForConfirms 或 waitForConfirmsOrDie 方法,等待 broker 节点返回发送结果,根据返回结果判定下一步的逻辑,要注意的点是 waitForConfirmsOrDie 方法如果返回 false 则会关闭 channel ,则接下来无法发送消息到 broker。
编写回调方法
package com.ql.springbootrabbitmq.config;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CorrelationData;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
/**
* 回调接口
*/
@Slf4j
@Component
public class MyCallBack implements RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback {
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
@PostConstruct
public void init(){
//注入
rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(this);
}
/**
* 交换机确认回调方法
* @param correlationData 回调消息的ID及相关信息
* @param b 是否接收到消息
* @param s 失败原因
*/
@Override
public void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean b, String s) {
String id = correlationData != null ? correlationData.getId() : "";
if(b){
log.info("交换机已经收到Id为:{}的消息", id);
}else{
log.info("交换机还未收到Id为:{}的消息,原因为:{}", id, s);
}
}
}
运行测试,浏览器访问http://localhost:8080/confirm/sendMessage/呵呵呵
把生产者交换机名称故意改错,重启再测试
但是交换机名称改回来,队列名称故意改错会不会调回调方法呢?
显然没有回调。
在仅开启了生产者确认机制下,交换机接收到消息后,会直接给消息生产者发送确认消息,如果发现消息不可路由,那么消息会被直接丢弃,此时生产者是不知道消息被丢弃的。可以通过mandatory 参数可以在消息传递过程中不可达目的时将消息返回给生产者。
先给在配置文件添加spring.rabbitmq.publisher-returns=true配置
编写回退接口
package com.ql.springbootrabbitmq.config;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.ReturnedMessage;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CorrelationData;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
/**
* 回调接口
*/
@Slf4j
@Component
public class MyCallBack implements RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback,RabbitTemplate.ReturnsCallback{
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
@PostConstruct
public void init(){
//注入
rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(this);
rabbitTemplate.setReturnsCallback(this);
}
/**
* 交换机确认回调方法
* @param correlationData 回调消息的ID及相关信息
* @param b 是否接收到消息
* @param s 失败原因
*/
@Override
public void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean b, String s) {
String id = correlationData != null ? correlationData.getId() : "";
if(b){
log.info("交换机已经收到Id为:{}的消息", id);
}else{
log.info("交换机还未收到Id为:{}的消息,原因为:{}", id, s);
}
}
/**
* Returned message callback.
*
* @param returned the returned message and metadata.
* 可以在消息传递过程中不可达目的时将消息返回给生产者
* 只有不可达目的时,才进行回退
*/
@Override
public void returnedMessage(ReturnedMessage returned) {
log.error("消息{},被交换机{}退回,退回原因:{},路由Key:{}",
new String(returned.getMessage().getBody()),
returned.getExchange(),returned.getReplyText(),returned.getRoutingKey());
}
}
当交换机接收一条不可路由消息时,可以把这条消息转发到备份交换机中,由备份交换机来进行转发和处理。通常备份交换机的类型为 Fanout ,这样就能把所有消息都投递到与其绑定的队列中。我们还可以建立一个报警队列,用独立的消费者进行监测和报警。
在ConfirmConfig.java 配置类里声明备份交换机、备份队列和报警队列,并且修改确认交换声明
//备份交换机
public static final String BACKUP_EXCHANGE_NAME = "backup_exchange";
//备份队列
public static final String BACKUP_QUEUE_NAME = "backup_queue";
//报警队列
public static final String WARNING_QUEUE_NAME = "warning_queue";
@Bean
public FanoutExchange backupExchange(){
return new FanoutExchange(BACKUP_EXCHANGE_NAME);
}
@Bean
public Queue backupQueue(){
return QueueBuilder.durable(BACKUP_QUEUE_NAME).build();
}
@Bean
public Queue warningQueue(){
return QueueBuilder.durable(WARNING_QUEUE_NAME).build();
}
@Bean
public Binding backupQueueBindingBackupExchange(@Qualifier("backupQueue") Queue backupQueue,
@Qualifier("backupExchange")FanoutExchange backupExchange){
return BindingBuilder.bind(backupQueue).to(backupExchange);
}
@Bean
public Binding warningQueueBindingBackupExchange(@Qualifier("warningQueue") Queue warningQueue,
@Qualifier("backupExchange")FanoutExchange backupExchange){
return BindingBuilder.bind(warningQueue).to(backupExchange);
}
//声明交换机
@Bean
public DirectExchange confirmExchange(){
return ExchangeBuilder.directExchange(CONFIRM_EXCHANGE_NAME).durable(true)
.withArgument("alternate-exchage", BACKUP_EXCHANGE_NAME).build();
}
报警消费者
package com.ql.springbootrabbitmq.consumer;
import com.ql.springbootrabbitmq.config.ConfirmConfig;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/**
* 报警消费者
*/
@Component
@Slf4j
public class WarningConsumer {
//接收报警消息
@RabbitListener(queues = ConfirmConfig.WARNING_QUEUE_NAME)
public void receiveWarningMsg(Message message){
String msg = new String(message.getBody());
log.error("报警:发现不可路由消息:{}", msg);
}
}
先通过管理页面删除原来的确认交换机,然后运行测试
注意:mandatory 参数与备份交换机在一起使用时,备份交换机优先级高。