8. 字符串转换为整数

来自leetcode大神的做法

class Solution {
public:
    int myAtoi(string str) {

       unsigned long len = str.length();

        // 去除前导空格
        int index = 0;
        while (index < len) {
            if (str[index] != ' ') {
                break;
            }
            index++;
        }

        if (index == len) {
            return 0;
        }

        int sign = 1;
        // 处理第 1 个非空字符为正负符号，这两个判断需要写在一起
        if (str[index] == '+') {
            index++;
        } else if (str[index] == '-') {
            sign = -1;
            index++;
        }

        // 根据题目限制，只能使用 int 类型
        int res = 0;
        while (index < len) {
            char curChar = str[index];
            if (curChar < '0' || curChar > '9') {
                break;
            }

            if (res > INT_MAX / 10 || (res == INT_MAX / 10 && (curChar - '0') > INT_MAX % 10)) {
                return INT_MAX;
            }
            if (res < INT_MIN / 10 || (res == INT_MIN / 10 && (curChar - '0') > -(INT_MIN % 10))) {
                return INT_MIN;
            }

            res = res * 10 + sign * (curChar - '0');
            index++;
        }
        return res;
    }

};