Android Zygote进程和app进程fork过程分析1

dvm,app进程,linux进程三者关系

DVM指 dalivk 的虚拟机。每一个 Android 应用程序都在它自己的进程中运行,都拥有一个独立的 Dalvik 虚拟机实例。而每一个 DVM 都是在 Linux 中的一个进程,所以说可以认为是同一个概念

Zygote进程与app进程关系

Zygote是java层的进程即它也拥有一个独立的Dalvik 虚拟机实例,它是被linux层的第一个用户空间Init进程所启动的,它的主要作用就是用来孵化app进程系统进程
fork一个app进程,是通过ActivityManagerService类向Zygote发出fork命令,ActivityManagerService是在系统进程,但是Zygote处于自己的进程中,它们之间的通信没有采用binder机制,而是采用了socket机制,因此我们可以把Zygote称为一个孵化server,ActivityMamagerService称为一个client

下面的图描述了上面的过程

fork进程

涉及到的类

我们先来梳理这个过程中使用到的类,并且这些类是做什么的


涉及到的类

以server和client2个维度来归纳这些类

Zygote进程启动分析

Zygote进程启动后,ZygoteInit类的main方法会被执行

    public static void main(String argv[]) {
    try {
        // Start profiling the zygote initialization.
        SamplingProfilerIntegration.start();

        boolean startSystemServer = false;
        String socketName = "zygote";
        String abiList = null;
        for (int i = 1; i < argv.length; i++) {
            if ("start-system-server".equals(argv[i])) {
                startSystemServer = true;
            } else if (argv[i].startsWith(ABI_LIST_ARG)) {
                abiList = argv[i].substring(ABI_LIST_ARG.length());
            } else if (argv[i].startsWith(SOCKET_NAME_ARG)) {
                socketName = argv[i].substring(SOCKET_NAME_ARG.length());
            } else {
                throw new RuntimeException("Unknown command line argument: " + argv[i]);
            }
        }

        if (abiList == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("No ABI list supplied.");
        }
        /*启动servier socket*/
        registerZygoteSocket(socketName);
        EventLog.writeEvent(LOG_BOOT_PROGRESS_PRELOAD_START,
            SystemClock.uptimeMillis());
        preload();
        EventLog.writeEvent(LOG_BOOT_PROGRESS_PRELOAD_END,
            SystemClock.uptimeMillis());

        // Finish profiling the zygote initialization.
        SamplingProfilerIntegration.writeZygoteSnapshot();

        // Do an initial gc to clean up after startup
        gc();

        // Disable tracing so that forked processes do not inherit stale tracing tags from
        // Zygote.
        Trace.setTracingEnabled(false);

        if (startSystemServer) {
            /*启动系统服务*/
            startSystemServer(abiList, socketName);
        }

        Log.i(TAG, "Accepting command socket connections");
        runSelectLoop(abiList);

        closeServerSocket();
    } catch (MethodAndArgsCaller caller) {
        //这行代码很重要
        caller.run();
    } catch (RuntimeException ex) {
        Log.e(TAG, "Zygote died with exception", ex);
        closeServerSocket();
        throw ex;
    }
}

上面代码主要做了下面的事情:

  • registerZygoteSocket(socketName)启动一个ServerSocket
  • preload()预加载资源,预加载耗时的类
  • startSystemServer(abiList, socketName)启动系统服务,并且fork系统进程
  • runSelectLoop(abiList)监听client socket的连接

来看下registerZygoteSocket(socketName)方法

    private static void registerZygoteSocket(String socketName) {
    if (sServerSocket == null) {
        int fileDesc;
        final String fullSocketName = ANDROID_SOCKET_PREFIX + socketName;
        try {
            String env = System.getenv(fullSocketName);
            fileDesc = Integer.parseInt(env);
        } catch (RuntimeException ex) {
            throw new RuntimeException(fullSocketName + " unset or invalid", ex);
        }

        try {
            sServerSocket = new LocalServerSocket(
                    createFileDescriptor(fileDesc));
        } catch (IOException ex) {
            throw new RuntimeException(
                    "Error binding to local socket '" + fileDesc + "'", ex);
        }
    }
}

代码很简单,再来看下preload()方法

  static void preload() {
    Log.d(TAG, "begin preload");
    preloadClasses();
    preloadResources();
    preloadOpenGL();
    preloadSharedLibraries();
    // Ask the WebViewFactory to do any initialization that must run in the zygote process,
    // for memory sharing purposes.
    WebViewFactory.prepareWebViewInZygote();
    Log.d(TAG, "end preload");
}

预加载耗时的类,预加载资源等等其他的预加载工作,我们简单看下preloadClasses()preloadResources()所做的事情

  private static void preloadClasses() {
        .......省略代码
        is = new FileInputStream(PRELOADED_CLASSES);
         ......省略代码
        BufferedReader br
            = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is), 256);

        int count = 0;
        String line;
        while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
            // Skip comments and blank lines.
            line = line.trim();
            if (line.startsWith("#") || line.equals("")) {
                continue;
            }

            try {
                if (false) {
                    Log.v(TAG, "Preloading " + line + "...");
                }
                Class.forName(line);
                if (Debug.getGlobalAllocSize() > PRELOAD_GC_THRESHOLD) {
                    if (false) {
                        Log.v(TAG,
                            " GC at " + Debug.getGlobalAllocSize());
                    }
                    System.gc();
                    runtime.runFinalizationSync();
                    Debug.resetGlobalAllocSize();
                }
                count++;
                 ......省略代码

            }

         ......省略代码
}

private static void preloadResources() {
    final VMRuntime runtime = VMRuntime.getRuntime();

    Debug.startAllocCounting();
    try {
        System.gc();
        runtime.runFinalizationSync();
        mResources = Resources.getSystem();
        mResources.startPreloading();
        if (PRELOAD_RESOURCES) {
            Log.i(TAG, "Preloading resources...");

            long startTime = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
            TypedArray ar = mResources.obtainTypedArray(
                    com.android.internal.R.array.preloaded_drawables);
            int N = preloadDrawables(runtime, ar);
            ar.recycle();
            Log.i(TAG, "...preloaded " + N + " resources in "
                    + (SystemClock.uptimeMillis()-startTime) + "ms.");

            startTime = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
            ar = mResources.obtainTypedArray(
                    com.android.internal.R.array.preloaded_color_state_lists);
            N = preloadColorStateLists(runtime, ar);
            ar.recycle();
            Log.i(TAG, "...preloaded " + N + " resources in "
                    + (SystemClock.uptimeMillis()-startTime) + "ms.");
        }
        mResources.finishPreloading();
    } catch (RuntimeException e) {
        Log.w(TAG, "Failure preloading resources", e);
    } finally {
        Debug.stopAllocCounting();
    }
}

preloadClasses方法所做的事情是从"/system/etc/preloaded-classes"文件种把预加载的类加载到虚拟机中
在来看runSelectLoop方法

  private static void runSelectLoop(String abiList) throws MethodAndArgsCaller {
    ArrayList fds = new ArrayList();
    ArrayList peers = new ArrayList();
    FileDescriptor[] fdArray = new FileDescriptor[4];

    fds.add(sServerSocket.getFileDescriptor());
    peers.add(null);

    int loopCount = GC_LOOP_COUNT;
    while (true) {
        int index;

        /*
         * Call gc() before we block in select().
         * It's work that has to be done anyway, and it's better
         * to avoid making every child do it.  It will also
         * madvise() any free memory as a side-effect.
         *
         * Don't call it every time, because walking the entire
         * heap is a lot of overhead to free a few hundred bytes.
         */
        if (loopCount <= 0) {
            gc();
            loopCount = GC_LOOP_COUNT;
        } else {
            loopCount--;
        }


        try {
            fdArray = fds.toArray(fdArray);
            index = selectReadable(fdArray);
        } catch (IOException ex) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Error in select()", ex);
        }

        if (index < 0) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Error in select()");
        } else if (index == 0) {
            ZygoteConnection newPeer = acceptCommandPeer(abiList);
            peers.add(newPeer);
            fds.add(newPeer.getFileDescriptor());
        } else {
            boolean done;
            /*开始读取client发出的命令*/
            done = peers.get(index).runOnce();

            if (done) {
                peers.remove(index);
                fds.remove(index);
            }
        }
    }
}

它所做的事情是:
- 监听client的socket连接
- 发现有连接则建立一个ZygoteConnection对象
- client发送命令,则找到相应的ZygoteConnection对象,并且调用该对象的runOnce方法,来处理client发送的命令
- ZygoteConnection对象处理完毕,则从列表中移除

关于Zygote进程内容介绍到这,后面介绍app进程的fork过程

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