1. 同义并列关系
完形填空中的同义并列关系通常有两种情况，一种是设空词通常和上下文中的某个词是同义或并列关系，或感情色彩是一致的，比如两者都是褒义、贬义，或者都意为“开心或悲伤”等。另一种情况是前后两个句子之间是并列关系。
Garth's email was short, but I learned more from that 1 message than I ever did from a textbook.
1. A. accurate B. urgent C. brief D. humorous
解析：
本题虽然有bu, 但考查的却是同义并列关系，上文提到short一词，可知该email很短，但“我”从该message中学到很多，那这个message指的就是emai, 而email是short的，那message也是short的。进行以上的逻辑分析后再看四个选项，能表示“简短”的只有brief一词，所以本题答案为C。
Once I knew that I was goin, all I could think about was the fun of foreign travel and making all sorts of new and 1 friends. While travelling was inspiring and meeting people was 2 nothing about my term in France was what I expected.
1. A. stubborn B. anxious C. universal D. interesting
2. A. boring B. upsetting C. exciting D. promising
解析：
本段的两个小题都考查上下文之间的同义并列关系。从上文已知线索the fun of foreign travel和and可知，异国之旅是有趣的，同时也能交到新的和“有趣的”朋友，所以第1题的答案为, 只有interesting能和fun语义并列。
通过上文已知线索travelling was inspiring和and可知，能和inspiring构成同义并列的词只有excitin, 所以第2题答案为C。
2. 反义转折关系
设空词通常和文中的某个词是反义关系，比如褒义对贬义、快对慢、高对低等，常有but, or, howevehowever, while（表转折），although等标志词出现，有时还有un-，im-等否定前缀出现。
真题再现一
On the whol, our population is getting older. The changes in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life. Some people fear such changes will be for the wors, while some see 1 ，not disaster.
1. A. dreams B. chances C. strengths D. choices
解析：
本题的解题关键就是要了解while表示转折对比关系。上文线索提到一些人担心这些改变将会带来一些坏处，再根据下文线索not disaster可知，还有一些人看到的不是灾难，分析各选项，与“灾难”相对应的是“机会”。所以本题答案选B。选项C是强干扰项，意为“实力，优势”，但代入文中与语境不符，故排除。
The music allowed me to learn that teaching is about sharing and respect, tears and smile, the knowing and the 1 an, most of all , an understanding of each other. This was the power that music in the classroom could have.
1. A. unprepared B. unspoken C. unknown D. unforgotten
解析：
本题的解题关键在于上文所提到的tears and smile, 可以看出and前后连接的是两个语义相反的单词，应该填一个knowing的反义词unknow, 所以本题答案为C。
I met Mrs. Neidle in the ninth grade on a stage-design team for a play and she was one of the directors. Almost instantly I loved her. She had an unpleasant voice and a direct way of speaking, 1 she was encouraging and inspiring. For some reason, she was impressed with my work and me.
1. A. and B. yet C. so D. for
解析：
从选项的特征可以看出本题考查的是上下文之间的逻辑关系。上文说“她”的声音unpleasant, 同时说话也很direct, 而下文又提到“她”的话鼓舞人心（encouraging and inspiring），由此可以看出上下文之间的逻辑关系为反义转折关系，所以本题答案为B。
3. 举例说明
举例论证法比较常用，主要是通过举例来解释和说明空格处所填内容的含义，常伴随for exampl, such as等标志词出现，但有时也会直接举例，而不出现标志词。
真题再现一
Even though we can't live foreve, we are living a 1 life than ever before. In 1900, the average American life span（寿命）
was only 47 year, but today it is 75 years!
1. A. busier B. longer C. richer D. happier
解析：
空格后面举例说，1900年美国人平均寿命只有47岁，而现在是75岁。以此来说明现在人类的寿命比过去长。所以答案为B。
真题再现二
For example, many birds have good number sense. If a nest has four eggs and you remove on, the bird will not 1 . However, if you remove two, the bird 2 leaves. This means that the bird knows the 3 between two and three.
1. A. survive B. care C.hatch D. notice
2. A. generally B. sincerely C. casually D. deliberately
3. A. distance B. range C. difference D. interal
解析：
本段主要是通过举例来说明鸟对数字有很好的认知。第1题：通过下文已知线索Howeve, if you remove tw, the bird…leaves可知，当人们拿走一个鸟蛋的时候，小鸟是不会注意到的，所以答案为D。B不可选，因为care表示在发现情况后不在乎，而此处是说小鸟并没有发现一个鸟蛋被拿走。第2题：具体举例介绍小鸟的good number sens, 如果两个鸟蛋被拿走，小鸟通常会离开，故答案为A。第3题：上文举的例子是在说明小鸟能知道数字2和3的不同，所以答案为C。
4. 因果关系
上下文的关系是因果关系，有时给出原因，求结果；有时给出结果，求原因。此类题型常伴随fo, becaus, reason等词出现。
真题再现
People are living longer because more people 1 childhood. Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, many children died of common childhood diseases.
1. A. survive B. enjoy C. remember D. value
解析：
本题的解题关键是空格前的becaus, 由上文线索People are living longer可知现在人们“幸存下来”符合语义。所以本题答案选A。另外，根据下文线索可知过去的小孩是died of common childhood disease, 与die相对应的是surviv, 所以现在人们应该是survive childhoo, 此处前后线索也体现了反义转折关系。