70 Climbing Stairs 爬楼梯
Description:
You are climbing a stair case. It takes n steps to reach to the top.
Each time you can either climb 1 or 2 steps. In how many distinct ways can you climb to the top?
Note: Given n will be a positive integer.
Example:
Example 1:
Input: 2
Output: 2
Explanation: There are two ways to climb to the top.
- 1 step + 1 step
- 2 steps
Example 2:
Input: 3
Output: 3
Explanation: There are three ways to climb to the top.
- 1 step + 1 step + 1 step
- 1 step + 2 steps
- 2 steps + 1 step
题目描述:
假设你正在爬楼梯。需要 n 阶你才能到达楼顶。
每次你可以爬 1 或 2 个台阶。你有多少种不同的方法可以爬到楼顶呢?
注意:给定 n 是一个正整数。
示例:
示例 1:
输入: 2
输出: 2
解释: 有两种方法可以爬到楼顶。
- 1 阶 + 1 阶
- 2 阶
示例 2:
输入: 3
输出: 3
解释: 有三种方法可以爬到楼顶。
- 1 阶 + 1 阶 + 1 阶
- 1 阶 + 2 阶
- 2 阶 + 1 阶
思路:
跳到第 n阶的时候, 要么从 n - 1阶跳上, 要么从 n - 2阶跳上
f(n) = f(n - 1) + f(n - 2), 即斐波拉契数列
用动态规划优化
时间复杂度O(n), 空间复杂度O(1)
代码:
C++:
class Solution
{
public:
int climbStairs(int n)
{
int a = 0, b = 1, result = 0;
while (n--)
{
result = a + b;
a = b;
b = result;
}
return result;
}
};
Java:
class Solution {
public int climbStairs(int n) {
if (n <= 3) return n;
int[] result = new int[n + 1];
result[0] = 0;
result[1] = 1;
result[2] = 2;
result[3] = 3;
for (int i = 4; i < n + 1; i++) result[i] = result[i - 1] + result[i - 2];
return result[n];
}
}
Python:
from functools import reduce
class Solution:
def climbStairs(self, n: int) -> int:
return reduce(lambda r, _: (r[1], sum(r)), range(n), (1, 1))[0]