PTE写作中非谓语动词的用法

非谓语动词”,又称作“非限定性动词”,指三种不同的动词形式:动词不定式、-ing分词以及-ed分词。系统的介绍在此就省略了,毕竟再让大家区分like to do和like doing可能会被群轰=。= 那么,今天就来讲一些可能会让大家犯迷糊的非谓语动词用法吧。

  1. would like, should like等短语;或love, was /were, intend, mean, want和expect等词后加上不定式的完成体表示未实现的愿望。

  e.g. I'd like to have gone with you on your hike last week.

  我上周本来打算跟你一起去远足的。(但是没去)

  大家有没有想起should have done, could have done等词组?它们都表示未完成,由此看来have done的否定含义还是有律可循的。

  2. “be+不定式”可以表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作,也可以表示命令、禁止。

  e.g. He is to give up drinking.

  他必须要戒酒。

  3. 特殊句型的被动语态。

  e.g. They observed Tom enter the building. = Tom was observed to enter the building.

  e.g. They observed Tom entering the building. = Tom was observed entering the building.

  4. too...to句型表肯定含义的情况

  大部分人只要一看到too...to就会马上想起否定的含义,“因为太xx而不能做xx”,但是在下面这些句子中它可以表示肯定意义:

  e.g. I'm only too pleased to see you. = I'm very pleased to see you.

  我见到你太开心了。

  如果还硬要翻成否定含义的话,结果就是:

  —我现在太开心了,不想见你。

  —……&!(*)%……

  再举一例:

  He is only too glad to help you. = He is very glad to help you.

例题:

  试译: It's too nice of you to come.

  参考答案:你能来真是太好了。

  关于too...to的用法还是要结合语境来理解比较稳妥,其实之前讲到这个知识点的时候给的例句“I'm only too pleased to see you.”中的“only too”也可以单独理解为一个固定用法,意思是“非常”,也算是回归到对“too”的理解上了("too" can be used to intensify the meaning of an adjective, an adverb, or a word like "much" or "many")。

  再来看一个例句:He is too busy not to stay up too late.

  绕不绕!

  这句话应该先不看“not”,句子变成“He is too busy to stay up too late.”,这里的too后面的形容词“busy”不是我们之前讲的“nice,good”等品质类的修饰词,所以还是按照“too...to”句型的否定含义来翻译,即:他太忙了,不能熬夜。

  然后再把“not”补回来,就成了“他太忙了,不得不天天熬夜。”

说了这么多,其实小编就是想告诉大家一句,注意情景和逻辑吧!

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