一．不定代词：
1.定义：不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。
2.分类：简单不定代词和复合不定代词
(1)复合不定代词:由some, any, every, no 与one, thing, body构成的不定代词。
e.g. something, someone,somebody.
(2)简单不定代词：all, both, none, either, neither,each, other(s), another, much, many, few, a few, little, a little.
3.用法：
(1) some和any的用法：
①some（一些）和any（任何）既可以修饰可数名词复数，也可以修饰不可数名词。some多用于肯定句，any用于否定句和疑问句。
e.g. —Are there any apples in the box?
—Yes, there are some. /No, there aren’t any.
—Is there any water in the bottle?
—Yes, there is some water. /No, there isn’t any water.
②注意：如果是表示委婉请求，希望得到对方的肯定回答时，用some.
e.g. —Would you like some tea?
—No, thanks./Yes, please.
—Could you mind lending me some books?
—Of course not.
③some（某一）和any（任一）修饰可数名词单数，不限制范围。
e.g. some person某个人
any day任意一天
(2) many, much和a lot of（=lots of）的用法：
①它们的意思均为“许多”。但many只可以修饰可数名词复数，much只修饰不可数名词， a lot of （lots of）既可以修饰可数名词复数，也可以修饰不可数名词；
e.g. I have many /a lot of/lots of books.
She needs much/ a lot of/ lots of milk.
②too many 和too much 表示“太多的”，修饰名词，too many修饰可数名词复数；too much修饰不可数名词；
e.g. There are too many books on the table.
I ate too much milk yesterday, so I don’t feel well now.
③much too表示“太”，相当于副词的用法，可修饰形容词及副词，不存在many too。
e.g. Tom runs much too fast
Mary is much too beautiful.
(3)few, a few与little, a little的用法：
①few与a few是一对反义词，a few意为“几个”，表肯定，few意为“几乎没有”，表否定。均修饰可数名词复数。
②little与a little是一对反义词，a little意为“少许，有一些”，表肯定，little意为“几乎没有”，表否定。均修饰不可数名词。
e.g. Few people know the city.
A few people know the city.
I have a little free time.
I have little free time.
(4)由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词作主语时，作为单数看待，其谓语动词用第三人称单数；
e.g. Everyone is hungry.
There is nothing in the box.
Something is wrong with my watch.
Everybody wants to win.
(5)复合不定代词若有形容词修饰，形容词要放于复合不定代词的后面；
①复合不定代词不与of连用;
②enough意为“足够的（地）”,与形容词或副词连用时，形容词或副词要放在enough的前面;若enough修饰名词，enough要放在名词之前。
e.g. I like anything good.
She has something to say.
There is something special in this place.
I don’t like anything sweet.
There is enough water in the bottle.
The book is good enough to read.
Tom answered the question quickly enough.
(6) 简单不定代词all, both, none, either, neither, each，every的用法及区别：
①如若范围是两者，都选用both;选一者用either;都不选用neither；
e.g. Many people stand both sides of the street.
Trees are planted on either side of the street.
I don’t like neither of the two books.
②如若范围是三者或三者以上，都选用all,选一者用each或every;都不选用none；
e.g. None of teachers go to the school today.
Each of them is outgoing.
All toys are in the box.
③固定搭配:
both…and… 两者都…；
either…or… 要么……要么……;
neither…nor…既不……也不……
e.g.Either you or Tom plays the role.
Neither Tom nor I am not students.
Both Tom and you are good students.
④简单不定代词可以与of连用；
e.g. None of students are in the classroom because today is Sunday.
Each of farmer there is friendly.
⑤each相当于形容词和名词的用法，但every只能用作形容词。
e.g. each apple = every apple = each
each of students
(7) other, the other, others, the others 及another的用法及其区别：
①another 和the other：
两者均有“另一个的”的意思,相当于形容词的用法，修饰可数名词单数；another指多个中的“另一个”；the other则指两个中的“另一个”，常与one构成固定one ... the other ...“一个……另一个……”。
e.g. The shoes don’t fit me. Would you please show me another pair?
My sister has two skirts. One is yellow, and the other is black.
②others和the others:
others (=other+复数名词)与the others (=the other+复数名词)均含有“其他一些”的意思,相当于名词的用法，后面不能再接名词； others泛指多部分中的一部分，可与some构成固定结构some ... others ...“一些……一些……” the others则特指剩余的一部分。
e.g. Some like fruit and vegetables, and others like junk food.
Two of you can go to the lab with me,and the others will have to stay in the classroom.