基于docker的mysql主从同步

目标:一台已经在运行mysql,增加从库

环境: docker mysql5.7.26 不同主机

步骤:

  1. 在需要安装从库的主机上安装docker(自行百度)
  2. 在从库主机上安装mysql (基于docker)
docker run -d \
--name mysql-slave \
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 \
-v /mnt/up/docker/mysql-slave/conf:/etc/mysql \
-v /mnt/up/docker/mysql-slave/data:/var/lib/mysql \
-v /mnt/up/docker/mysql-slave/logs:/var/log/mysql \
-p 3306:3306 \
-d mysql:5.7.26

解释:

  • docker run -d 后台运行容器
  • --name mysql-slave 给容器起名为 mysql-slave
  • -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 设置mysql的root的密码为 123456
  • -v /mnt/up/docker/mysql-slave/conf:/etc/mysql \ 挂载宿主机 /mnt/up/docker/mysql-slave/conf目录到容器 /etc/mysql,mysql的配置文件放在该目录下,映射到宿主机好配置,注3 my.cnf(最下方)
  • -v /mnt/up/docker/mysql-slave/data:/var/lib/mysql \ mysql的数据库文件,映射出来可以持久化数据库文件(自行看需求是否需要映射)
  • -v /mnt/up/docker/mysql-slave/logs:/var/log/mysql \ mysql的日志文件,(自行看需求是否需要映射)
  • -p 3306:3306 \ 暴露到宿主机上的端口
  • -d mysql:5.7.26 指定mysql镜像版本
  1. 查看容器是否启动正常
    docker logs mysql-slave
    出现如下内容代表配置的my.cnf未生效,解决参考docker-mysql使用中的坑
[Warning] World-writable config file ‘/etc/mysql/my.cnf’ is ignored.
  1. 主库机上创建用于主从同步的账号,建议创建一个专用账号
CREATE USER 'repl'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'passwd' REQUIRE SSL; 
GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'repl'@'%';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
  1. 主库机修改my.cnf配置,注意 server_id尽量唯一,建议主从my.cnf对mysql的配置一致,避免发生奇葩问题
[mysqld]
#0,区分大小写; 1,不区分
#lower_case_table_names=1
# 时间少8个小时
default-time-zone = '+8:00'

#skip-grant-tables
sql_mode=ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
#解决:mysql5.7 timestamp默认值‘0000-00-00 00:00:00’报错


#GTID 主从复制#
gtid_mode=on
enforce_gtid_consistency=on
server_id=1

#binlog
log_bin=mysqlbin
log_slave_updates=1
#强烈建议,其他格式可能造成数据不一致
binlog_format=row

#relay log
skip_slave_start=1
  1. 重启主库生效
  2. 从库机连接主库
docker run -it --rm mysql:5.7.26 mysql -h172.17.0.1 -P3306 -uroot -p123456 \
-e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.120', MASTER_PORT=3306, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='passwd', MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_SSL=1;" \
-e "START SLAVE;"

解释:

  • 这段运行是创建一个临时的mysql容器进去登录到172.17.0.1:3306,为什么这样配置?因为在没有指定docker网卡时,使用默认网卡,ip段为172.17.0.x 宿主机的ip为172.17.0.1。上面我们把 mysql-slave容器的3306端口映射到宿主机的3306,所以这里登录上去的mysql即为容器 mysql-slave的mysql。当然可以选择自己喜欢的方式去登录,毕竟我们的目的只是去执行sql,不是纠结怎么登录
  • 登录近从库后执行 CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.120', MASTER_PORT=3306, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='passwd', MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_SSL=1;START SLAVE;
    前一句表示把本mysql(即从库)的主库指向192.168.1.120并且登录账户是repl,后一句表示是开始主从库同步
  1. 查看主从库同步状态
docker run -it --rm mysql:5.7.26 mysql -h172.17.0.1 -P3306 -uroot -p123456  -e "show slave status\G"

如果如下2个字段不是Yes,请先查看错误消息如下:

Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

Last_Error会有错误消息,请结合 docker logs mysql-slave的日志信息分析

*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 212.64.35.217
                  Master_User: repl
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysqlbin.000002
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 17984
               Relay_Log_File: 525d536d1c17-relay-bin.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 411
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysqlbin.000002
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: No
              Replicate_Do_DB:
          Replicate_Ignore_DB:
           Replicate_Do_Table:
       Replicate_Ignore_Table:
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
                   Last_Errno: 1032
                   Last_Error: Could not execute Update_rows event on table openshop.QRTZ_SCHEDULER_STATE; Can't find record in 'QRTZ_SCHEDULER_STATE', Error_code: 1032; handler error HA_ERR_END_OF_FILE; the event's master log mysqlbin.000002, end_log_pos 1755
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 1378
              Relay_Log_Space: 17231
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File:
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: Yes
           Master_SSL_CA_File:
           Master_SSL_CA_Path:
              Master_SSL_Cert:
            Master_SSL_Cipher:
               Master_SSL_Key:
        Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error:
               Last_SQL_Errno: 1032
               Last_SQL_Error: Could not execute Update_rows event on table openshop.QRTZ_SCHEDULER_STATE; Can't find record in 'QRTZ_SCHEDULER_STATE', Error_code: 1032; handler error HA_ERR_END_OF_FILE; the event's master log mysqlbin.000002, end_log_pos 1755
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
             Master_Server_Id: 8041418
                  Master_UUID: a1221a75-d8fe-11e9-acf9-0242ac110005
             Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info
                    SQL_Delay: 0
          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
      Slave_SQL_Running_State:
           Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                  Master_Bind:
      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 200804 07:38:08
               Master_SSL_Crl:
           Master_SSL_Crlpath:
           Retrieved_Gtid_Set: a1221a75-d8fe-11e9-acf9-0242ac110005:4-44
            Executed_Gtid_Set: 0235edd8-d61f-11ea-9d3c-0242ac11000e:1-761,a1221a75-d8fe-11e9-acf9-0242ac110005:1-3
                Auto_Position: 1
         Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
                 Channel_Name:
           Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

注1:已运行的mysql进行主从同步,那么开始的从库是没有数据库的,所以会无法同步,请先把主库上的数据拉一份到从库,再在从库机上重新开启主从同步

docker run -it --rm mysql:5.7.26 mysql -h172.17.0.1 -P3306 -uroot -p123456 -e "stop slave;reset slave;" && docker restart mysql-slave

解释:停止同步,重置主从链接并重启容器 mysql-slave,这个时候容器就恢复到第5步了,继续开始执行第6步

注2:上面出现的错误

Last_Error: Could not execute Update_rows event on table openshop.QRTZ_SCHEDULER_STATE; Can't find record in 'QRTZ_SCHEDULER_STATE', Error_code: 1032; handler error HA_ERR_END_OF_FILE; the event's master log mysqlbin.000002, end_log_pos 1755

这个错误是因为我手动拉了一份主库数据库到从库后再次操作第6步出现的,说的是数据库 openshop中表 QRTZ_SCHEDULER_STATE的数据无法同步,经过查询:解决方法http://www.itpub.net/thread-1566441-1-1.html,还有其它类似的错误基本都是数据约束或者主从配置不一致导致的,所以建议主从配置一致

注3:my.cnf配置,具体参数请自行配置

[mysqld]
#0,区分大小写; 1,不区分
#lower_case_table_names=1
# 时间少8个小时
default-time-zone = '+8:00'

#skip-grant-tables
#解决:mysql5.7 timestamp默认值‘0000-00-00 00:00:00’报错
sql_mode=ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION

#GTID 主从复制#
gtid_mode=on
enforce_gtid_consistency=on
server_id=8413

#binlog
log_bin=mysqlbin
log_slave_updates=1
#强烈建议,其他格式可能造成数据不一致
binlog_format=row

#relay log
skip_slave_start=1

#主从复制跳过1146错误 https://blog.csdn.net/gua___gua/article/details/52869614
slave_skip_errors=1146

注4:通过docker容器备份数据库

  1. 创建一个临时容器并挂载一个目录作为备份sql的存放
docker run -it -v /tmp/mysql:/etc/tmp --rm mysql:5.7.26 /bin/bash 
  1. 容器中执行如下命令备份全部数据库
mysqldump -h192.168.1.120 -uroot -p123456 --all-databases > /etc/tmp/backup-all.sql
  1. 如果上述执行错误,那么就一个库一个库的备份了
mysqldump -h192.168.1.120 -uroot -p123456 --databases test1> /etc/tmp/backup-test1.sql
mysqldump -h192.168.1.120 -uroot -p123456 --databases test2> /etc/tmp/backup-test2.sql
  1. 备份完成应该在宿主机的/tmp/mysql目录下能看到刚才备份的sql
  2. 还原到从库
//登录到从库
mysql -h172.17.0.1 -P3306 -uroot -p123456 
//使用source命令还原
source /etc/tmp/backup-all.sql

注5:遇到一些问题的参考

  1. 主从复制错误处理总结
//已解决的错误
Last_Errno: 1146
 Last_Error: Error executing row event: 'Table 'panda.t' doesn't exist'
  1. mysql主从同步错误解决和Slave_IO_Running:NO

已解决的错误 Duplicate entry

错误提示如下

Error 'Duplicate entry '1' for key 1' on query. Default database: 'movivi1'. Query: 'INSERT INTO `v1vid0_user_samename` VALUES(null,1,'123','11','4545','123')'

Error 'You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near '' at line 1' on query. Default database: 'club'. Query: 'INSERT INTO club.point_process ( GIVEID, GETID, POINT, CREATETIME, DEMO ) VALUES ( 0, 4971112, 5, '2010-12-19 16:29:28','
1 ro in set (0.00 sec)

Mysql > Slave status\G;

显示:Slave_SQL_Running 为 NO
解决方法:

Mysql > stop slave;
Mysql > set global sql_slave_skip_counter =1;
Mysql > start slave;

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