通过yum安装mariadb-server,默认依赖安装mariadb,一个是服务端、一个是客户端。
#] yum -y install mariadb mariadb-server
1)安装完成后首先要把MariaDB服务开启,并设置为开机启动
]# systemctl start mariadb # 开启服务
]# systemctl enable mariadb # 设置为开机自启动服务
2)首次安装需要进行数据库的配置,命令都和mysql的一样
]# mysql_secure_installation
3)配置时出现的各个选项
Enter current password for root (enter for none): # 输入数据库超级管理员root的密码(注意不是系统root的密码),第一次进入还没有设置密码则直接回车
Set root password? [Y/n] # 设置密码,y
New password: # 新密码
Re-enter new password: # 再次输入密码
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] # 移除匿名用户, y
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] # 拒绝root远程登录,n,不管y/n,都会拒绝root远程登录
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] # 删除test数据库,y:删除。n:不删除,数据库中会有一个test数据库,一般不需要
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] # 重新加载权限表,y。或者重启服务也行
4)测试是否能够登录成功,出现 MariaDB [(none)]> 就表示已经能够正常登录使用MariaDB数据库了
]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
1)/etc/my.cnf 文件
在 [mysqld] 标签下添加
init_connect='SET collation_connection = utf8_unicode_ci'
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server=utf8
collation-server=utf8_unicode_ci
skip-character-set-client-handshake
2)/etc/my.cnf.d/client.cnf 文件
在 [client] 标签下添加
default-character-set=utf8
3)/etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-clients.cnf 文件
在 [mysql] 标签下添加
default-character-set=utf8
4)重启服务
]# systemctl restart mariadb
5)进入mariadb查看字符集
MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like "%character%";show variables like "%collation%";
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_unicode_ci |
| collation_database | utf8_unicode_ci |
| collation_server | utf8_unicode_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]>
#####经测试,此方法在centos7和centos8上都可成功执行恢复
版本:
Server version: 10.3.17-MariaDB MariaDB Server
mariadb-5.5.65-1.el7.x86_64
mariadb-server-5.5.65-1.el7.x86_64
解释:在MariaDB/MySQL中,官方保留了一个特权模式
1)停止数据库服务
]# systemctl stop mariadb
]# ps -ef | grep mariadb
root 8735 7880 0 16:13 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto mariadb
]# netstat -ntlp | grep mysqld
]#
停止服务后,需要通过ps查看是否保留相关进程,然后使用netstat命令查看端口占用情况,从上面的反馈信息来看,mariadb服务已经被杀的一干二净了,这时候就可以使用特权模式进行密码修改了。
2)启动特权模式
]# mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &
[1] 8738
]# 200909 16:14:49 mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log'.
200909 16:14:49 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql
3)出现上面那些后直接输出 mysql,然后回车,就会登录到mariadb数据库
]# 200909 16:14:49 mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log'.
200909 16:14:49 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql
mysql //此处输入后回车,下面内容可能不会显示,但只要进入数据库就是成功
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.65-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]>
4)选择mysql数据库
MariaDB [(none)]> use mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
5)更新root密码
Mariadb [(mysql)]> update user set password=password('mariadb123') where user='root';
其中mariadb123改为新的密码即可
6)刷新权限并退出登录
Mariadb [(none)]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Mariadb [(none)]> exit;
7)停止特权模式
]# pkill mysqld
8)启动mariadb服务
]# systemctl start mariadb
启动成功之后,尝试使用特权模式的登录命令进行登录,然后发现登录失败,说明特权模式已经关闭了
]# mysql
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
9)使用新密码登录
]# mysql -u root -p mariadb123
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.65-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
修改成功!
这是我之前读过几篇文章后,进行组合和自己的理解翻译出来的,但是前几篇文章地址不记得了,对此非常抱歉!
欢迎有兴趣的朋友加入运维群交流学习!!!
微信:zdqqbb